Arsenate removal from aqueous solutions by guava seeds chemically modified with iron (FeGS) in batch and fixed-bed systems was investigated. The effect of different parameters, such as initial arsenate concentration, biosorbent dose, and contact time, was studied on the sorption process. Batch-type contact experiments were performed to evaluate the kinetics and equilibrium of arsenate [As(V)] sorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of FeGs was 1.18 mg/g. The physical characterization of the biosorbent after adsorption showed arsenate removal in different functional groups on the surface of the modified material. These results suggested that the sorption mechanism was chemisorption on a heterogeneous material...........

[1] Barathi M, Santhana Krishna KA., Rajesh N. Efficacy of novel Al–Zr impregnated cellulose adsorbent prepared using microwave irradiation for the facile defluoridation of water. J Env Eng. 2013;1:1325-1335. DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2013.09.026
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[3] López-Leal MA, Cortés-Martínez R, Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva R, Martínez-Flores HE, Cortés-Penagos CJ. (2012) Arsenate biosorption by iron-modified pine sawdust in batch systems: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. Bioresources. 2012; 7(2):1389-1404. Available at: <http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_07_2_1389_Arsenate_Biosorption_Fe_Mod_Pine_Sawdust>. Date accessed: 22 Apr. 2019.
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Computational simulations tools have transformed the shape-finding and form-finding processes of architectural and engineering endeavors from the last decades of the 20th century up to our present date, mostly in structural analysis and in rather urgent environmental comfort related analysis. It is known that the (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) AEC industry is one of the most pollutant economic sectors of the globe, and that the financial and carbon of the lighting cost of its interior spatial outputs throughout their life cycles is substantial. Thus, this research presents itself as an experimental computational simulation in the realm of natural lighting of architectural design, with the objective to measure the illuminance levels pertaining to natural lighting..........

[1]. Aguilar-Carrasco M.T., Díaz-Borrego J., Acosta I., Campano M. Á., Domínguez-Amarillo S. (2023), Validation of lighting parametric workflow tools of Ladybug and Solemma using CIE test cases. Journal of Building Engineering, 64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105608.
[2]. Faraji A., Rezaei F., Rahnamayiezekavat P., Rashidi M., Soleimani H. (2023), Subjective and Simulation-Based Analysis of Discomfort Glare Metrics in Office Buildings with Light Shelf Systems. Sustainability, 15. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511885.
[3]. Michael A., Heracleous C. (2017), Assessment of natural lighting performance and visual comfort of educational architecture in Southern Europe: The case of typical educational school premises in Cyprus. Energy and Buildings, 140. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.087.
[4]. Pellegrino A., Cammarano S., Savio V. (2015). Daylighting for Green Schools: A Resource for Indoor Quality and Energy Efficiency in Educational Environments. Energy Procedia, 78, 3162-3167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.774.
[5]. Settino J., Carpino C., Perrella S., Arcuri N. (2023), Multi-Objective Analysis of a Fixed Solar Shading System in Different Climatic Areas. Energies, 13:12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13123249.

In this study, Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized using Moringa oleifera leaf extract as both reducing and stabilizing agent using green synthesis method and characterized using Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, pH, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The determination of pH at different time interval shows a gradual decrease as a function of time and stabilizes from 14-24th hour and this confirm the stability of the nanoparticles. The UV spectroscopy results shows that the synthesized FeNPs varies in the range of 300-500nm. The FTIR spectrum reveal the functional groups responsible for the reduction and synthesis of the nanoparticles, this is obvious from the two spectra of biomass and Iron that the flavonoids and phenolic led to the bio-reduction. It can be concluded that iron nanoparticles synthesized using Moringa oleifera can be applied in medicine, as a curative agent and in domestic waste water treatment. The characterization results confirm the formation and presence of iron nanoparticles thus obtained is evaluated for simultaneous removal of total phosphates, nitrates and chemical oxygen demand.

[1]. Oluwole Samuel Aremu, Lebogang Katata-Seru, Tshepiso Moremedi, Indra Bahadur.,2018. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using moringa oleifera extracts and their applications: removal of nitrate from water and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Journel of Molecular Liquids 256,296-304. [2]. Carole Silveira, Quelen Leticia Shimabuku, Marcela Fernandes Silva, Rosangela Bergamasco.,2018. Iron-oxide nanoparticles by the green synthesis method using Moringa oleifera leaf extract for fluoride removal. Environmental technology 39(22),2926- 2936. [3]. K.G Ahila, M Vasanthy, C Thamaraiselvi.,2018. Green synthesis of Magnetic iron nanoparticle using Moringa oleifera Lam Seeds and its Application in Textile Effluent Treatment. Utilization and Management of Bioresources, 315-324.[4]. Talal Shahwan, S Abu Sirriah, MuathNairat, EzelBoyaci, Ahmet E Eroglu, Thomas B Scott, Keith R Hallam.,2011. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their application as a Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of aqueous cationic and anionic dyes. Chemical Engineering Journal 172(1),258-266. [5]. CP Devatha, K Jagadeesh, Mallikarjun Patil.,2018. Effect of green synthesized iron nanoparticles by Azardirachta Indica in different proportions on antibacterial activity. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and management 9, 85-94.

In a poorly gauged to ungauged environment, the exploitation of Digital Terrain Models of the Chari and Logone sub-basins has made it possible to highlight their water potential. The extraction of the physical characteristics of the related sub-watersheds led to the determination of their respective flows by the use of Model of the NRCS (National Resources Conservation Service). The aggregation of flows and the processing of the consecutive water flow directions will contribute to controlling the drying up of Lake Chad and the ecosystems will be relieved of climate stress.

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[2]. Magrin, G., Lemoalle, J. : L'avenir du lac Tchad : les échelles de l'incertitude. In : Raimond C. (Eds.), Sylvestre Florence (Eds.), Zakinet D. (Eds.), Moussa A. (Eds.), Le Tchad des lacs : les zones humides sahéliennes au défi du changement global. Marseille, IRD, 289-303, ISBN 978-2-7099-2715-4, 2019. https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers21-03/010076341,
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http://www.renardet.com/fr/transaqua-africa-sahel/ [4]. Géraud M., Double alchimie au lac Tchad : où comment transformer la ressource en pénurie et la pénurie en ressources, p 167-197, Ressources mondialisées, Edition de la Sorbonne, Paris, OpenEdition Books, 2022. https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/100875
[5]. Yombombe, M. T., Tamo, T. T., Evaluation of Flows in Poorly Gauged for the Improvement of the Hydraulicity of Lake Chad. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 13, Issue 1, January 2023, pp. 87-95 J13018795.pdf (ijera.com)