This paper enumerates the status and challenges of exploration, exploitation and development of renewable energy resources and its roles in sustainable development in Africa. A brief review of energy and renewable energy resources in Africa was succinctly done. The concept of sustainable development as it borders on the Renewable Energy Technologies and their roles were also discussed. The challenges facing the acceptance, deployment and promotion of Renewable Energy Technologies in Africa were also highlighted. The barriers were classified as; policy, regulation and institutional; information and technical capacity and financial. Recommendations were made towards solving problems peculiar to exploration, exploitation and development of Renewable Energy in entirety in Africa.

[1]. Abdeen Mustafa Omer (2013), Renewable Energy Technologies and Sustainable Development, Energy Research Institute (ERI), Nottingham PP 102-115.
[2]. APP (2015), power Action. "Electrifying Africa: An In-depth follow-up to the Africa progress report 2015". Power, people, Planet; Seizing Africa‟s Energy and Climate opportunity, pp. 11.
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[5]. Davidson et al (2007), Sustainable Energy in Sub-Sahara Africa (ICSU), Regional Office for Africa Science Plan.

This paper presents a design of asynchronous FIFO which, along with the regular status signals, consists of some extra status signals for more user-friendly design and added safety. Gray code pointers are used in the design. For synchronisation purpose, two synchroniser modules are used which contain two D-flip-flops each. The design is implemented and synthesised at register transfer level (RTL) using Verilog HDL. Simulation and implementation is done using Xilinx ISE Design Suite. Further, the design is implemented on Basys 2 Spartan-3E FPGA Board. Asynchronous FIFO is used to carry out steady data transmission at high speeds between two asynchronous clock domains.

[1] Shruti Sharma, "Implementation of an RTL synthesizable asynchronous FIFO for conveying data by
avoiding actual data movement via FIFO"
[2]. proposed in Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 2015 6th IEEE
International Conference on 13-15 July 2015.
[3] Xinrui Zhang, Jian Wang, Yuan Wang, Dan Chen, Jinmei Lai, "BRAM-based Asysnchronous FIFO in
FPGA with Optimized Cycle Latency" proposed in Solid-State and
[4]. Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT), 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on 29 Oct-1 Nov
2012.
[5] Yanjun Zhang, Chunli Yi and Jinqi

The stabilities of ternary complexes of metal ions (copper, nickel, zinc and cobalt) with beta-hydroxy ketone(BHK) derivatives and benzotriazole(BTAZ) derivatives in various mixed solvent systems (Water+Ethyl Alcohol) medium in 0.1 M KNO3 ionic strength at 250C using pH metric titration method have been established. The data reveal that the copper forms more stable complexes, which is followed by zinc and Ni complexes with these ligands. Cobalt form less stable complexes with these ligands. The stabilities of these complexes are further quantified with Δ log K values, intra-molecular equilibrium constants and percentage of stacking interaction in the ternary systems...............

[1]. J.Porath, Protein Expression and Purification, vol.3, issue 4, August 1992, pages 263-281.
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Business Intelligence is a socio-technical concept emerged to help managers especially in their decision making tasks. A manager with different decision making styles has been started to make use of business intelligence in their own ways. Are the all managers taking benefits of Business intelligence in the same way? Does Business intelligence give each category what they want in the decision making process? If the answer to these questions is – No, then what is the expectation of managers from BI having different decision making style? Will BI could satisfy their needs? If yes, then how? By using well-formed theory in different.........

[1]. A. J. Rowe, and R. O. Mason, Managing with style: A guide tounderstanding, assessing, and improving
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[3]. Zdenko KLEPIĆ: The influence of Business intelligence on the performance of the top management
business
[4]. decisions.
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Available:http://www.information-management.com/issues/19990301/115-1.html

In this digital mobile world, it‟s need of time to streamline and increase efficiency in business processes like effective data collection, measurement, automatic validation, editing and estimation of measurement data, analysis and dashboard for forecasting and ease in end user accessibility with Just in Time. This paper is following two methodology in this process. CEMLI is an extensive framework for developing and implementing for Oracle whereas OUM is business process and use case driven process which supports products, tool, technologies and documentation..........

[1]. Smart Meters and Smart Meter Systems: A Metering Industry Perspective, an EEI-AEIC- UTC White Paper.
[2]. Abhinandan Jain, "Design and Development of GSM based Energy Meter", International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 888) Volume 47– No.12, June 2012.
[3]. Irfan Quazi et al [2], "Pre-paid Energy Meter based on AVR Microcontroller", International Journalof Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622www.ijera.com Vol.1,Issue 4,pp.1879-1884.
[4]. Shraddha Male et al "A Smart Wireless Electronic Energy Meter Reading Using Embedded Technology", International Journal of Engineering Research and Application, ISSN :2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 1 (Version3), January 2014, pp.145-14
[5]. Chunjuan WEI, Junjie YANG, "Implementation of Automatic Meter Reading System Using PLC and GPRS", Journal of Information & Computational Science 8: 16 (2011) 4343–4350.

In arid regions, extreme rainfall event frequency predictions are still a challenging problem, because of the rain gauge stations scarcity and the record length limitation, which are usually short to insure reliable quantile estimates. Regional frequency analysis is one of the popular approaches used to compensate the data limitation. In this paper, regional frequency analysis of maximum daily rainfall is investigated for Madinah province in the Western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The observed maximum daily rainfall records of 20 rainfall stations are selected from 1968 to 2015. The rainfall data is evaluated using four tests, namely, Discordance test (Di), Homogeneity test (H), Goodness of fit test (Zdist) and L-moment ratios diagram (LMRD). The Di of L-moments shows that all the sites belong to one group (Di <3.0)...........

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In this paper we consider a discrete time batch arrival queueing system with multiple vacations. It is assume that the service of customers arrived in the system between a fixed intervals of time after which the service goes on vacations after completion of one service of cycle is taken up at the boundaries of the fixed duration of time. This is the case of late arrival. In case of early arrival i.e. arrival before the start of next cycles of service. If the customer finds the system empty, it is served immediately. We prove the Stochastic decomposition property for queue length and waiting time distribution for both the models.

[1]. Abate, j., Kijima, M. and Whitt, W. (1991): Decomposition of the M/M/1 transition function, Queueing Systems, Vol. 9, pp. 323-336.
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This study analyzes the failure mechanism of shear connection by three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) of push-out specimens that was practically unaffordable experimentally or by twodimensional FEA. For the analysis of the failure behavior of the compression strut formed in the loaded concrete member, the three-dimensional principal stress space is transformed into two-dimensional space by means of the relation between the hydrostatic stress and the deviatoric stress. The analysis of the stress state in the compression strut revealed that the deviatoric stress increases with larger load particularly in the concrete surrounding the lower part of the shear stud.....................

[1]. H. Bode, J. Schanzenbach, "Das Tragverhalten von Verbundträgern bei Berücksichtigung der Dübelnachgiebigkeit", Stahlbau 58, Heft 3, pp. 65-74, 1989.
[2]. H. Bode, European Steel-Concrete Composite Structure, Construction and Calculation, Werner Verlag, 1998.
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[4]. H. S. Shin, A Contribution to the Numerical Analysis of the Load Carrying Behaviour of the Composite Beams with High Strength Steel and High Strength Concrete, Dissertation, RWTH-Aachen University, 2004.
[5]. H. S. Shin, FEM Analysis of the Horizontal Shear Behaviour in the Steel-Concrete Composite Beam, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 10, Issue 9, 2014.

When a new product is launched, a manufacturer applies the strategy of offering a quantity incentive initially for some time to boost up the demand of the product. The present paper describes a manufacturing inventory model with price sensitive demand enhanced by a quantity incentive. Later on demand becomes time increasing also. Inventory cycle starts with low production rate which is followed by higher production rate when demand is boosted up. Shortages are not allowed in this model. Presentation of numerical examples, tables, graphs and sensitivity analysis describes the model very well. Lastly case without incentive illustrates that usually the quantity incentive offered initially is beneficial.

[1]. E. A. Silver, and H. C. Meal, "A simple modification of the EOQ for the case of a varying demand rate", Production of Inventory Management 10, 52–65, 1969.
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[5]. E. Ritchie, "The EOQ for linear increasing demand a simple optimal solution," Journal of the Operational Research Society 35, 949–952, 1984.

Short-term load forecasting is a key issue for reliable and economic operation of power systems. This paper aims to develop short-term electric load forecasting ARIMA Model for Karnataka Electrical Load pattern based on Stochastic Time Series Analysis. The logical and organised procedures for model development using Autocorrelation Function and Partial Autocorrelation Function make ARIMA Model particularly attractive. The methodology involves Initial Model Development Phase, Parameter Estimation Phase and Forecasting Phase. To confirm the effectiveness, the proposed model is developed and tested using the historical data of Karnataka Electrical Load pattern (2016). The forecasting error of ARIMA Model is computed and results have shown favourable forecasting accuracy.

[1]. Nima Amjady "Short- term hourly load forecasting using time series modeling with peak load estimation capability", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,Vol.16, No.3, pp.498-504, August 2001.
[2]. Shu Fan & Luonan Chen "Short- term hourly load forecasting based on an adaptive hybrid method", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,Vol.21, No.1, pp.392-401, February 2006.
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[4]. Nima Amjady "Short- term bus load forecasting of power systems by a new hybrid method", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,Vol.22, No.1, pp.392-401, February 2007.
[5]. Martin.T.Hagan & Suzanne.M.Bher "The time series approach to short term load forecasting", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.PWRS-2, No.3, pp.785-790, August 1987.