In smart manufacturing systems, it is crucial to diagnose defects as products pass along conveyor belts using automated computer vision systems. Compared to traditional manual defect diagnosis methods, this approach reduces time loss, high costs, and operator errors. This study proposes a fast Siamese network supported by contrastive learning and attention mechanisms for the detection and classification of fabric defects. A Channel Attention module is integrated during the feature extraction phase to ensure the network focuses on key regions. Thanks to the Siamese structure, samples belonging to the same class are brought closer together in the feature space, while different classes are distanced from each other............

[1]. A. R. R. Talab and M. H. Shakoor, "Fabric classification using new mapping of local binary pattern," 2018 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision (ISCV), Fez, 2018, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ISACV.2018.8354026.
[2]. Chitra G M, Shylaja S S, Vijay Ram E, Naresh Sr, Saakshi S, Mohnish S C. Analysis of Image Filters for Binary Fabric Classification, International Journal of Engineering Research in Computer Science and Engineering (IJERCSE) Volume 11 Issue 06 June 2024, pp: 35-39, 2024.
[3]. Kailas, A. S., Yemekar, A., & Ugarakhod, R. N. (2025, December). Enincv3-Enhanced Deep Learning Model for Binary Image Classification of Fabric Defects. In 2025 IEEE 17th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN) (pp. 454-459). IEEE.
[4]. Jerusha, J. A., & Kumar, C. A. (2025). Fabric defect detection: a hybrid CNN-LSTM approach using TGANet for improved classification and traceability. Industria Textila, 76(3), 387-396.
[5]. Geze, R. A., & Akbaş, A. (2023). Detection and classification of fabric defects using deep learning algorithms. Politeknik Dergisi, 27(1), 371-378.

This work develops an analytical framework based on classical laminated plate theory to characterize the vibroacoustic behavior of finite, simply supported, orthotropic double-panel composite structures enclosing an air cavity. The coupled system is subjected to simultaneous thermal fields and harmonic wave excitations. By leveraging the modal decomposition technique, the governing equations are solved using a double Fourier series approach to map the acoustic insulation metrics of the panel........

[1]. W. Kropp and E. Rebillard, "On the air-borne sound insulation of double wall constructions," Acta Acustica United with Acustica, vol. 85, pp. 707–720, 1999.
[2]. M. Villot, C. Guigou, and L. Gagliardini, "Predicting the acoustical radiation of finite size multi-layered structures by applying spatial windowing on infinite structures," Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 245, pp. 433–455, 2001.
[3]. R.-J. M. Craik, "Non-resonant sound transmission through double walls using statistical energy analysis," Applied Acoustics, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 325–341, 2003.
[4]. J.-P. Carneal and C.-R. Fuller, "Active structural acoustic control of noise transmission through double panel systems," AIAA Journal, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 618–623, 1995.
[5]. P. Carneal and C. R. Fuller, "An analytical and experimental investigation of active structural acoustic control of noise transmission through double panel systems," Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 272, pp. 749–771, 2004.

The project focuses on the Design and Development of Musical Toy using Shape Display Board. The design of the product aims to provide a musical toy for children between the ages of 3 – 5 Years to promote Cognitive Development. Factors like safety of the child, ease of use are also considered while designing the product. The Aim and objective of the design of the musical toy is to incorporate suggestions and improvements of the musical toy by understanding the problems faced by the child and the parents in the existing musical toys. The process of designing incorporates multiple steps which include literature study, material study, case study, location study, user study, market study, patent study & working of the toy to obtain the final product..........

[1]. Transparencymarketresearch.com. 2021. Music Toys Market Trends and Research Insights by 2027. [online] Available at: <https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/music-toys-market.html> [Accessed 14 May 2021].
[2]. Morgan, T., 2021. 5 Reasons Why Musical Instruments for Kids Are Important - Squoodles Ltd. [online] Squoodles.co.nz. Available at: <https://www.squoodles.co.nz/musical-instruments/5-reasons-musical-instruments-kids-important/> [Accessed 14 May 2021].
[3]. Make it Wood. 2021. Six advantages of wooden toys for children - Make it Wood. [online] Available at: <https://makeitwood.org/articles/6-advantages-of-wooden-toys-for-children.cfm> [Accessed 14 May 2021].
[4]. Metalpress.onlinemetals.com. 2021. Musical Instruments Made of Metal | The Metal Press by onlinemetals.com. [online] Available at: <https://metalpress.onlinemetals.com/musical-instruments-metal/> [Accessed 14 May 2021].
[5]. MURO. 2021. Sustainable natural rubberwood baby toys | MURO®. [online] Available at: <https://mymuro.com/pages/why-we-use-rubberwood> [Accessed 14 May 2021].

Nozzles installed in pressure vessels introduce local geometric discontinuities that disturb the nominal membrane stress distribution of the vessel shell. These disturbances arise from the shell opening, nozzle stiffness, reinforcement details, weld attachments, and externally applied loads transmitted through connected piping. Although high localized stresses may develop in the vicinity of the nozzle-to-shell junction, classical shell theory predicts that their influence diminishes rapidly with increasing distance from the discontinuity. This paper examines the attenuation of nozzle-induced stress disturbances in both cylindrical and spherical pressure-vessel shells, including unreinforced and pad-reinforced nozzle configurations..........

[1] American Petroleum Institute, & American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (2021). API 579-1/ASME FFS-1: Fitness-for-service. American Petroleum Institute.
[2] American Society of Mechanical Engineers. (2025). ASME boiler and pressure vessel code, Section VIII, Division 2: Alternative rules. ASME.
[3] Bijlaard, P. P. (1954). Stresses from local loadings in cylindrical pressure vessels. Transactions of the ASME, 77, 805–816.
[4] British Standards Institution. (2024). PD 5500: Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels. BSI.
[5] European Committee for Standardization. (2025). EN 13445-3: Unfired pressure vessels—Part 3: Design. CEN.

Education is an essential element for achieving global sustainability. Sustainable development is defined as development that satisfies current demands without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. The fundamental premise behind sustainable development is a set of economic, social, and environmental conditions that we all share. Education for sustainability makes use of the entire educational system to teach students what they need to do to help alter our societies and attain a sustainable future. Sustainable development should also acknowledge and honor past generations..........

[1]. American Psychological Association. (2020, February). Building your resilience.https://www.apa.org/topics/resilience/building-your-resilience
[2]. Brundtland Commission. (1987). Retrieved from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki /Brundtland _ Commission
[3]. Cherry, K. (2022). What is resilience? Very well mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/whatis-resilience-2795059
[4]. Dixit, Mohit & Dixit, Khushboo. (2024). New Education Policy 2020: Role of Teachers & Parents to Promote Maximum Potential Development of Students. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384356897_New_Education_Policy_2020_Role_of_Teachers_Parents_to_Promote_Maximum_Potential_Development_of_Students [5]. Dugan, T. F., & Coles, R. (Eds.). (1989). The child in our times: Studies in the development of resiliency. (pp. xv, 224). Brunner/Mazel.

This study presents a comparative analysis of machine learning models which are Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting for the detection and prevention of fraud in telecommunication billing systems. Fraudulent activities such as SIM box fraud, call masking, and subscription fraud threaten the financial sustainability of telecommunication network operators, leading to revenue leakage. A simulated Call Detail Record (CDR) dataset of 1000 billing records obtained from Kaggle was used. Data preprocessing, feature engineering, and random oversampling were applied to address class imbalance in the dataset..........

[1] Asenahabi, B. M. (2019). Basics of research design: A guide to selecting appropriate research design. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches, 6(5): 2308–1365.
[2] Aziz, Z. and Bestak, R. (2024). Insight into anomaly detection and prediction and mobile network security enhancement leveraging K-means clustering on call detail records. Sensors, 24(6): 1710–1716.
[3] Balmer, R. E., Levin, S. L. and Schmidt, S. (2020). Artificial intelligence applications in telecommunications and other network industries. Telecommunications Policy, 44(6): 101970–101977.
[4] Bansal, U., Bharatwal, S., Bagiyam, D. S. and Kismawadi, E. R. (2024). Fraud detection in the era of AI: Harnessing technology for a safer digital economy. Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 7: 143–164.
[5] Becker, J. et al. (2023). Random forest for classification and fraud detection in financial data. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 24(1): 1–30.

Integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into the power grid will presents numerous opportunities and challenges. A high electric vehicles (EV) uptake may contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions, but it could presents distribution network operators (DNOs) with a number of challenges. This paper present these challenges such as transformer and feeder loading, power quality and voltage unbalance that could hinder effective integration of electric vehicles. Possible solutions are suggested to address these challenges. A case study that investigates the impact of EVs charging on the network was studied to determine the capacity of three different networks to accommodate EVs charging without violating the permissible network voltage limit.

[1] Sudev V., Sindhu M. R. State-of-the- art and future trends in electric vehicle charging infrastructure: a review Eng. Sci. Technol.,62, 2025
[2] Solanke, T.U., Ramachandaramurthy, V. K., Ying, J. Y., Pasupuleti, J., Kasinathan, P. and Rajagopalan, A., 2020. A review of strategic charging–discharging control of grid-connected electric vehicles. Journal of Energy Storage, 28, article ID 101193.
[3] Meena, N.K., Yang, J. and Zacharis, E., 2019. Optimisation framework for the design and operation of openmarket urban and remote community microgrids. Applied Energy, 252, article ID 113399.
[4] Yun S., Woo J., Kwak K, Unlocking peak shaving: how EV driver heterogeneity shapes V2G potential Energy, 329, 2025
[5] Tie, S.F.; Tan, C.W. A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013, 20, 82–102, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.077.

Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) allows an electric vehicle (EV) to recharge its battery while in motion, by embedding transmitter coils beneath the road surface that couple inductively with a receiver coil mounted on the vehicle underbody. Most DWPT research to date, and nearly all operating pilot deployments, have been built around highway or fixed-route transit corridors, where vehicles travel at sustained speed over long, uninterrupted stretches. Urban and residential roads present a fundamentally different operating envelope: short charging segments, frequent stop-start motion at intersections and driveways, low and variable speed, and tight capital budgets relative to national highway programmes..........

[1] Liu, Q., Hu, S., Angeloudis, P., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Yang, Q., & Li, Y. (2021). Dynamic wireless power transfer system for electric‐powered connected and autonomous vehicle on urban road network. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 15(9), 1153–1166. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12087
[2] Colombo, C. G., Chen, J., Borgosano, S., & Longo, M. (2026). Inductive Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles: Technologies, Standards, and Deployment Readiness from Static Pads to Dynamic Roads. Future Transportation, 6(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp6020077
[3] Ngo, H., Kumar, A., & Mishra, S. (2020). Optimal positioning of dynamic wireless charging infrastructure in a road network for battery electric vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 85, 102385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102385
[4] S, Y., R, N., Sathik Mohamed Ali, J., & Almakhles, D. (2022). A Comprehensive Review of the On-Road Wireless Charging System for E-Mobility Applications. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.926270
[5] Wang, H., & Cheng, K. W. E. (2021). An Improved and Integrated Design of Segmented Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles. Energies, 14(7), 1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071975

This study investigates the comparative corrosion behavior of mild steel and carbon steel in fresh water and salt water environments of the Niger Delta. The experiment was conducted using weight loss measurements, visual inspection, and corrosion rate calculations, to evaluate material degradation over a defined exposure period of 4320 days. Prepared mild and carbon steel coupons were immersed in fresh and salt water bodies. The results revealed that the average corrosion rate of mild steel are 0.258mm/yr and 0.425mm/yr and that of carbon steel are 0.192mm/yr and 0.325mm/yr in fresh water and salt water environments respectively..........

[1] Afolabi, A.S. (2007). Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Soil Environment. Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, Issue 11, 127–136. [2] Alo Oluwaseun, A. & Ibitoye Simeon A. (2015). Effect of Induced Stress on the Corrosion Rate of Medium Carbon Steel in Saline Environment. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Vol. 6(4), 52-59. [3] Amadi, T. N., Amadi, S. A. & Wami, E. N. (2010). Biocorrosion of Mild Steel in Stagnant and Flowing Fresh Water Stream Conditions. Journal of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers, 25(1&2), 95 – 108. [4] Amadi, T. N., Izionworu, V. O., & Nwambo, P. L. (2026). Investigation of The Inhibitive Properties of Mangifera Indica (Mango) And Annona Muricata (Soursop) Blend Leaves Extract on Carbon Steel in 0.5M H2SO4. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, Volume 9 Issue 9, 4-12. [5] Amadi, T.N, Onyekwelu, C., Wami, E.N., & Goodhead, T.O. (2026). Comparative Analysis of Mild and Carbon Steel Corrosion in Palm Oil Mill Effluent, International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, Volume 11, Issue 1, 63-68.

In recent years, the rapid increase in lifestyle-related health disorders, long working hours, and aging populations has made continuous health monitoring a critical requirement. Traditional healthcare systems primarily depend on periodic medical check-ups and manual supervision, which are often insufficient for detecting sudden or critical changes in physiological conditions. Vital parameters such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body temperature act as key indicators of a person's health, where abnormal variations may indicate cardiac irregularities, respiratory disorders, infections, or stress-related issues. Additionally, accidental falls pose a serious safety risk, particularly for elderly individuals and patients living alone, where delayed medical assistance can result in severe consequences..........

[1]. M. Ahmed et al., "Wearable health monitoring system using sensor nodes and microcontroller," in Proc. Int. Conf. Biomedical Engineering and Health Informatics, 2018, pp. 45–49.
[2]. A. Bhatia and M. Sood, "IoT-enabled remote patient monitoring framework with cloud connectivity," Int. J. E-Health and Medical Communications, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 112–125, Apr. 2019.
[3]. L. Chen et al., "Pulse oximeter-based monitoring system for SpO2 and heart rate measurement," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, 2019, pp. 203–208.
[4]. R. Kumar et al., "Accelerometer-based fall detection using threshold-based motion analysis," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 285, pp. 47–55, Sep. 2019.
[5]. Y. Liu et al., "Integrated vital sign monitoring and activity recognition using multiple wearable devices," IEEE Trans. Mobile Computing, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1562–1575, Jul. 2019.

Corrosion in marine environments is a severe issue for infrastructure and marine vessels, which makes finding novel approaches to repairing marine vessels through the development of suitable materials. Because of the interest in creating innovative composite materials with bio-inspired properties, such as durability and sustainability, researchers have developed new types of materials to create bio-inspired materials that will provide better protection from the elements than what is available currently with traditional methods. In this systematic.........

[1] B. Phull and A. A. Abdullahi, Marine Corrosion. Elsevier, 2017. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.09209-2.
[2] H. Aljibori, A. Al-Amiery, and W. N. R. Isahak, "Advancements in Corrosion Prevention Techniques", J. Bio. Tribocorros., vol. 10, no. 4, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s40735-024-00882-w.
[3] Q. Ma, Q. Yang, J. Zhang, F. Ren, C. Xia, and F. Chen, "Anti-corrosion properties of bio-inspired surfaces: a systematic review of recent research developments", Mater. Adv., vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 2689–2718, 2024, doi: 10.1039/d3ma01058a.
[4] F. Barthelat, J. E. Rim, and H. D. Espinosa, "A Review on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Mollusk Shells – Perspectives on Synthetic Biomimetic Materials", NanoScience and Technology, vol. XIII, pp. 17–44, 2009, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-85049-6_2.
[5] X. Li et al., "Bio-inspired self-healing MXene/polyurethane coating with superior active/passive anticorrosion performance for Mg alloy", Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 454, p. 140187, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140187.

Intelligent web applications increasingly combine large language models, retrieval-augmented generation, browser automation and local inference to provide adaptive user experiences. However, the web also introduces open-ended inputs, changing interfaces, untrusted documents, privacy-sensitive user data and tool actions that can affect external systems. This paper proposes a Trust-Aware AI Orchestration framework for intelligent web applications. The framework separates intent understanding, retrieval, browser-agent execution, edge inference, validation and human approval into explicit layers connected by provenance and least-privilege controls. The contribution is a reference architecture, an operational workflow and an evaluation protocol that application teams can........

[1] P. Lewis et al., Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2020.
[2] I. Gur et al., Understanding HTML with Large Language Models, arXiv:2210.03945, 2022. [3] X. Deng et al., Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Web, arXiv:2306.06070, 2023.
[4] S. Zhou et al., WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agents, arXiv:2307.13854, 2023.
[5] I. Gur et al., A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis, arXiv:2307.12856, 2023.
[6] K. Greshake et al., Not What You've Signed Up For: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injection, arXiv:2302.12173, 2023.

Due to their limited shelf life, dairy products result in substantial waste. The goal of this study is to develop an integrated smart system for factory warehouses and retail freezers utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. It will use sophisticated sensors and vision systems to read QR codes, gathering manufacturing and expiration date data for cloud processing, and use QR code technology to store important product information. By enabling wise decision-making prior to product expiration and categorizing goods according to perishability via a smart dashboard, the technology encourages proactive control for factories. Overall, this study represents a qualitative change in intelligent inventory management and promotes sustainability in the food business by cutting waste and improving production efficiency.

[1] K.S.Kanna1, R. Amudha2"Role of Digitalisation and Technology in DairySupply Chain Management "International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering .Vol. 11, Issue 1, January 2022. DOI: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2022.11142.
[2] Mr. Raghavendra Patil G E, Ms. Dhanusha I, Ms. Ranjitha Y, Ms. Sukeerthi K C, Ms. Himashree, 0, Smart Fridge, " International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology(IJERT) ICRTT – 2018 (Volume 06 – Issue 15),
[3] Zhou, X., Tang, J., Jacobs, T.L. and Saguy, I.S., 2025. Transforming food supply chains through digital tracking and monitoring technologies. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 163, p.105142.
[4] Ramundo, L., Taisch, M. and Terzi, S., 2016, September. State of the art of technology in the food sector value chain towards the IoT. In 2016 IEEE 2nd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[5] Zainatul Yushaniza Mohamed Yusoff 12, Mohamad Khairi Ishak'• , Kamal Ali Alezabi' "The Role of RFID in Green IoT: A Survey on Technologies, Challenges and A Way Forward" Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal Vol. 6, No. 1. 17-35 (2021) Special Isue on Multidtewpiar; Serences and Einginerins

The construction industry significantly contributes to global energy consumption, carbon emissions, and material waste, creating an urgent need for more sustainable approaches to architectural design and building delivery. In this context, Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as a transformative digital methodology that enables the integration of geometric, environmental, technical, and operational information within a centralized information model. Unlike traditional Computer-Aided Design (CAD) workflows, BIM supports data-driven decision-making throughout the entire building life cycle, from conceptual design and construction to operation and maintenance.........

[1]. Abanda, F. H., & Byers, L. (2016). An investigation of the impact of building orientation on energy consumption in a BIM environment. Advances in Engineering Software, 97, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2016.02.005
[2]. Azhar, S. (2011). Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, benefits, risks, and challenges for the AEC industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 11(3), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127
[3]. Becerik-Gerber, B., Jazizadeh, F., Li, N., & Calis, G. (2012). Application areas and data requirements for BIM-enabled facilities management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(3), 431–442. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000433
[4]. Bryde, D., Broquetas, M., & Volm, J. M. (2013). The project benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM). International Journal of Project Management, 31(7), 971–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.001
[5]. Ding, G. K. C. (2008). Sustainable construction—The role of environmental assessment tools. Journal of Environmental Management, 86(3), 451–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.12.025

This paper focuses on the detailed electrical system design of a 40/10 Ton Double Girder Electric Overhead Travelling (EOT) Crane with integration of Radio Remote Control (RRC) in cabin operation. The main aim of this work is to enhance operational flexibility, improve safety conditions, and achieve efficient material handling within industrial setups.........

[1]. Electric Overhead Travelling Crane and Gantry Crane for all Applications-IS 3177,2020.
[2]. B. L. Theraja and A. K. Theraja, A Textbook of Electrical Technology, S. Chand Publications.
[3]. R. K. Rajput, Utilisation of Electrical Power, Laxmi Publications.
[4]. Mohammad RasoolMojallizadehet al, "Modeling and control of overhead cranes: A tutorial overview and perspectives", Annual Reviews in Control, Volume 56, 2023.
[5]. Ermias Samson, "EOT Crane Design and Optimization", Thesis of Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Gondar, Ethiopia, January 2021.

An online complaint management system is a digital platform designed to streamline the process of receiving, tracking, and resolving complaints from users. In the context of higher education, such systems are increasingly being adopted to improve student satisfaction and operational efficiency. At Confluence University of Science and Technology, Osara (CUSTECH), the current complaint resolution methods such as paper based submissions, verbal reports, and email communications are inefficient and ineffective.To address these issues, there is a need for an online complaint management system that streamlines........

[1]. Absl Kamarul Adzhar, Z., Adnan, Z., Mohd Suradi, N. R., Ahmad Teridi, N., Abd Rauf,
[2]. Afify, E. A., & Kadry, M. A. (2019). Electronic-customer complaint management system (E-CCMS) – A generic approach. International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, 11(1), 4125–4141.
[3]. Ahmed, S., & Khan, M. (2023). Enhancing student engagement through web-based grievance systems in higher education. Journal of Educational Technology
[4]. Systems, 51(4), 567–582. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395231123456
[5]. Ajaegbu, C., Idowu, S. A., & Adesegun, O. A. (2023). Effectiveness of complaint management in CRM system. Journal of Information Engineering and Applications, 13(10). Retrieved from

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a fundamental approach to improving the transparency, interpretability, and trustworthiness of artificial intelligence systems, particularly as complex machine learning and deep learning models become increasingly integrated into critical decision-making processes. Although these models achieve remarkable predictive performance, their black-box nature often limits users' ability to understand, validate, and trust their decisions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the multidimensional challenges and limitations associated with existing XAI approaches, emphasizing their technical, ethical, and human-centric implications........

[1]. D. Gunning and D. Aha, "DARPA's Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) Program," AI Magazine, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 44–58, 2019, doi: 10.1609/aimag.v40i2.2850.
[2]. S. M. Lundberg and S.-I. Lee, "A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions," in Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2017, pp. 4765–4774.
[3]. M. T. Ribeiro, S. Singh, and C. Guestrin, "Why Should I Trust You? Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier," in Proc. ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2016, pp. 1135–1144, doi: 10.1145/2939672.2939778.
[4]. C. Molnar, Interpretable Machine Learning, 2nd ed. Munich, Germany: Lulu Press, 2022.
[5]. B. Mittelstadt, C. Russell, and S. Wachter, "Explaining Explanations in AI," in Proc. ACM Conf. Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT), 2019, pp. 279–288, doi: 10.1145/3287560.3287574.

The increasing demand for clean and efficient transportation has accelerated the development of Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FC-BHEVs). Efficient energy management and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) are essential to maximize fuel cell output and ensure stable vehicle operation under varying load conditions. This thesis presents the design and control of a Maximum Power Point Tracking system for a Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) MPPT techniques integrated with a conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and a Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GAO)-based controller.........

[1] D. F. Pereira, F. D. C. Lopes, and E. H. Watanabe, "Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for the Energy Management of Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Real Time," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 3213–3223, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2020.2979528.
[2] H. Lee and S. W. Cha, "Energy Management Strategy of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Using Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with Data-Driven Model Update," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 59244–59254, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3072903.
[3] A. Ferrara and C. Hametner, "Impact of Energy Management Strategies on Hydrogen Consumption and Start-Up/Shut-Down Cycles in Fuel Cell-Ultra-capacitor-Battery Vehicles," IEEE Trans Veh Technol, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 5692–5703, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2021.3127582.
[4] S. George and T. Rajeev, "Fuzzy Based Hybrid Control Topology for Fuel Cell and Battery Powered EV," 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1109/SEFET55524.2022.9909199.
[5] M. Pathmanathan, S. Semsar, C. Viana, and P. W. Lehn, "Power Sharing Control Algorithm for Direct Integration of Fuel Cells in a Dual-Inverter Electric Vehicle Drivetrain," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2490–2500, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TTE.2022.3143092.

As grassroots nodes in the university student management system, dormitory monitors' role effectiveness directly affects the fulfillment of dormitories' educational function. Based on questionnaire survey data and analyses of multiple publications, this study found that the current selection methods for dormitory monitors are primarily voluntary assumption of duty and democratic election, with students' performance evaluations of dormitory monitors concentrated in the 80–90 point range, indicating a generally high level of recognition. However, several problems were also identified: complaints about hardware........

[1] Du Jiangyue. Research on Problems and Countermeasures of University Student Dormitory Management [J]. Management Observer, 2018, 38(10): 124-125.
[2] Hu Mingliang. Exploration of New Pathways for Academic Atmosphere Construction in Higher Education Institutions with Dormitories as the Front [J]. Western China Quality Education, 2018, 4(18): 144+166. DOI: 10.16681/j.cnki.wcqe.201818088.
[3] Hu Qun. Exploration of the "Four-in-One" Class Management Model of "Counselor + Class Assistant + Class Committee + Dormitory Monitor" in Higher Education Institutions [J]. Science & Technology Information, 2020, 18(35): 119-121. DOI: 10.16661/j.cnki.1672-3791.2003-9956-2721.
[4] Xu Youming. Research on Self-Acceptance and Interpersonal Psychological Characteristics of University Student Dormitory Monitors [J]. Journal of Honghe University, 2021, 19(03): 138-141+144. DOI: 10.13963/j.cnki.hhuxb.2021.03.037.
[5] Li Qiuyan. Effectively Utilizing the Dormitory Monitor Corps to Strengthen the Primary Front of Ideological and Political Education in Higher Education Institutions [J]. Heilongjiang Education (Theory & Practice), 2022, (11): 24-26.
[6] Xiao Ying. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Student Management in Higher Education Institutions under the Framework of "Comprehensive Ideological and Political Education"—Exploration of Practical Pathways Focusing on the Role of Dormitory Monitors [J]. Huazhang, 2026, (04): 96-98.

With the rapid of robotics technology, autonomous mobile robots are increasingly used in industrial and service fields. Positioning and navigation system as the core component of mobile robot, its performance directly determines the robot's autonomy and intelligence level. In this paper, based on LabVIEW platform, combined with LMS100 laser sensor and reflector positioning technology, a set of high-precision and high-stability mobile robot positioning and navigation system is designed and realized........

[1]. G. Chen, B. Wang, Y. Wang, et al., "A Survey on Mobile Robotic Technologies: Trends, Challenges and Future Directions," *Robotics and Autonomous Systems*, vol. 158, p. 104245, 2022.
[2]. H. Wang, Z. Li, Y. Pan, et al., "Advances and Trends in Robotic Intelligence: A Review from a Chinese Perspective," *Science China Information Sciences*, vol. 65, no. 12, p. 221201, 2022.
[3]. H. Durrant-Whyte and T. Bailey, "Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Part I," *IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine*, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 99-110, June 2019.
[4]. A. Geiger, P. Lenz, C. Stiller, et al., "Vision for Intelligent Vehicles and Applications: A Survey," *IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems*, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 7402-7415, July 2022.
[5]. C. Cadena, L. Carlone, H. Carrillo, et al., "Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Toward the Robust- Perception Age," *IEEE Transactions on Robotics*, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1309-1332, Dec. 2019.

A study was conducted on the efficient extraction method of marine climate data used for ship infrared signature assessment. To this end, we obtained ocean meteorological data with complete quality test by Korea Meteorological Administration, and eliminated outliers by setting the available interval of the data. Then, the population was reduced through simple random sampling considering geopolitical threats and effective area of the buoy for probabilistic analysis of the signature........

[1]. Cho, Y.J., "A Study on the Management Methods of the Ship Infrared Signature," Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 182-189, 2013.
[2]. Cho, Y.J., Lew J.M., "A Study on the Sensitivity of IR Signature of a Ship according to the Meteorological Environment of Korean Seas," Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 679-685, 2005.
[3]. Cho, Y.J., Jung, H.S., "Study on Effectiveness of Ocean Meteorological Variables through Sensitivity Analysis of Ship Infrared Signature," Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 36-42, 2013.
[4]. Kim, Y.S., "A Study on the Infrared Signature of a Naval Ship under the Marine Climate," Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 264-272, 2012.
[5]. Han, S.I., Cho, Y.J. "Feasibility Study on Sampling Ocean Meteorological Data using Stratified Method," Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 254-259, 2014.

This study reframes investor confidence under geopolitical fragmentation by examining how economic uncer-tainty, disclosure credibility, governance resilience, and institutional asymmetry interact to reshape valuation behavior across developed and emerging institutional settings. The study moves beyond conventional geopoliti-cal-risk frameworks by conceptualizing geopolitical instability as an informational repricing process capable of influencing investor confidence through uncertainty transmission, informational fragility, and institutional trust dynamics. It further investigates whether disclosure credibility and governance resilience mitigate the adverse effects of geopolitical instability under heterogeneous institutional environments.........

[1]. Abdullah, M. M., & Huda, H. (2024). A proposed index for accounting disclosure of geopolitical risks and its impact on business continuity: The moderating role of accounting earnings quality. Scientific Journal of Accounting Studies, 6(2), 334–419. https://doi.org/10.21608/sjar.2024.363462
[2]. Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. Crown Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1355/ae29-2j
[3]. Afonso, A., Alves, J., & Monteiro, S. (2024). Beyond borders: Assessing the influence of geopolitical tensions on sovereign risk dynamics. European Journal of Political Economy, 83, 102550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2024.102550
[4]. Ahmed, R., Khan, S., & Mahmood, F. (2025). Geopolitical tensions and emerging market valuation instability. International Review of Economics and Finance, 91, 102814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2024.102814
[5]. Ahmed, S., Hasan, I., & Kamal, M. (2024). Geopolitical uncertainty and investor reaction under institutional asymmetry. Interna-tional Review of Economics & Finance, 92, 411–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2024.01.019

This paper presents the research results on liquid carbon dioxide (LCO₂)-based cleaning technology for electronic components, developed as an environmentally friendly solution for high-technology manufacturing industries. The study focuses on evaluating the technical and economic performance of an LCO₂ cleaning system under practical operating conditions. The results demonstrate that LCO₂ technology provides excellent cleaning capability, stable operational performance, and compliance with the stringent cleanliness requirements of high-precision electronic and optical components. Furthermore........

[1]. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 8501-1:2007 – Preparation of Steel Substrates Before Application of Paints and Related Products – Visual Assessment of Surface Cleanliness, ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007.
[2]. ASTM International, ASTM D4259-88(2012): Standard Practice for Abrading Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2012.
[3]. Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation (IPA), CO₂ Cleaning Technology Report, Fraunhofer IPA, Stuttgart, Germany, 2018.
[4]. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Precision Cleaning Handbook, NASA Technical Report, Washington, DC, USA, 2020.
[5]. European Commission, Cleaner Production Guidelines: Sustainable Manufacturing and Environmental Protection Strategies, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium, 2019.

Drying is an important post-harvest processing method for extending the shelf life and improving the value of agricultural and food products. This study develops a compact and low-cost convective drying system with an experimentally identified thermal model and a PID-based temperature regulation strategy. The proposed system consists of an electric heating element, a forced-convection fan, a drying chamber, a thermocouple temperature sensor, a solid-state relay, an Arduino-based controller, and a touchscreen interface. The thermal behavior of the dryer was experimentally identified and approximated by a delayed transfer function........

[1] R. O. Lamidi, L. Jiang, P. B. Pathare, Y. D. Wang, and A. P. Roskilly, "Recent advances in sustainable drying of agricultural produce: A review," Applied Energy, vol. 233-234, pp. 367-385, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.044.
[2] R. N. S. Rathore and N. L. Panwar, "Experimental studies on hemi cylindrical walk-in type solar tunnel dryer for grape drying," Appl. Energy, vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 2764-2767, 2010.
[3] P. L. Singh, "Silk cocoon drying in forced convection type solar dryer," Appl. Energy, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 1720-1726, 2011.
[4] P. V. Alfiya, S. Murali, D. S. Aniesrani Delfiya, and M. P. Samuel, "Development of an energy efficient portable convective fish-dryer," Fishery Technology, vol. 56, no. 1, 2019.
[5] A. Ibrahim et al., "Design and fabricate a smart, energy-efficient, and quality-centric drum drying system," Discover Food, vol. 5, Art. no. 298, 2025, doi: 10.1007/s44187-025-00617-x.

This study investigates the influence of key process parameters on the cleaning performance of a liquid carbon dioxide (LCO₂) jet cleaning system for electronic printed circuit boards (PCBs). Experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of CO₂ pressure, auxiliary gas pressure, spray distance, and scanning speed on surface cleanliness, CO₂ consumption, and cleaning productivity. The results showed that CO₂ pressure was the most influential factor affecting cleaning efficiency, while spray distance exhibited a significant inverse effect. Under the optimal operating conditions of 50 bar LCO₂ pressure, 8 bar auxiliary gas pressure, 70 mm spray distance, and scanning speeds of 8 m/min and 2.4 m/min, the system achieved a surface cleanliness........

[1] ISO 14644, Cleanrooms and Associated Controlled Environments, International Organization for Standardization, 2015.
[2] ISO 8573, Compressed Air – Contaminants and Purity Classes, International Organization for Standardization, 2010.
[3] ASTM G93, Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levels for Oxygen Service Systems, ASTM International, 2025.
[4] M. Spall, CO₂ Cleaning Technology for Precision Cleaning Applications, Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Advanced Cleaning Technologies, 1998.
[5] Phung Xuan Son, Research and Development of CO₂-Based Surface Cleaning Systems, National Key Research Project KC03.11-15, Hanoi University of Industry.

This study tries to signify the role of climate finance in India .With the rising importance of meeting the sustainable Development Goals and meeting the emission reduction targets in accordance with the Paris Agreement it becomes imminent to look into need to mobilize climate finance and bring about the Structural Reforms with regards to the Climate Finance Taxonomy. Various studies have been concluded which highlight the effort of both the Public Sector and the Private Sector in order to incentivize Climate Finance, but various gaps still pertain which need to be addressed to enable the Emerging Nation to transition towards a low-carbon Economy(Siriman et al., 2025)........

[1]. Ahmed, N., & Kaur, G. (2025). Fostering Sustainable Finance Through Green Initiatives by the Reserve Bank of India (pp. 253–284). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-1240-8.ch009
[2]. Al-Afeef, M. A. M., Kalyebara, B., Abuoliem, N., Yousef, A. N. B., &Alafeef, M. A. M. I. (2024). Green finance and its impact on achieving sustainable development. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12(3), 1525–1536. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.3.026
[3]. Ali, Md. M. (2025). NAVIGATING THE ROAD TO GREEN FINANCE IN INDIA: KEY CHALLENGES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES. International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.56975/ijnrd.v10i4.305945
[4]. Ameli, N., Dessens, O., Winning, M., Cronin, J., Chenet, H., Drummond, P., Calzadilla, A., Anandarajah, G., & Grubb, M. (2021). Higher cost of finance exacerbates a climate investment trap in developing economies. Nature Communications, 12(1), 4046–4046. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24305-3
[5]. Anderson, J. E. (2016). Environmental Finance. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 307–333). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803615-0.00015-7

This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity, solvency, profitability, and bond maturity on bond ratings in banking sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2024 period. Bond ratings are used as a basis for investors in assessing the level of default risk of a company. Liquidity is measured through the current ratio , solvency is measured through the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), profitability is measured through Return On Assets (ROA), and bond maturity is measured through a dummy scale of 0 and 1. The location of this study includes two sources, namely the Indonesian Stock Exchange website and the official website of the Indonesian securities rating agency.......

[1]. Abigail, PYD (2025). Bank Profitability Has Not Recovered, Liquidity Ratios and Credit Quality Decline . https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20250708/90/1891567/profitabilitas-bank-belum-pulih-rasio-likuiditas-dan-kualitas-kredit-menurun?utm_source
[2]. Aluman, SNA, Hais Dama, & Ishak, IM (2022). The Effect of Liquidity, Solvency, and Profitability on Bond Ratings in Banking Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016-2020 Period. Scientific Journal of Management and Business , 5 (2), 583–592.
[3]. Brigham, E.F., & Houston, J.F. (2019). Fundamentals of financial management .
[4]. Christiaan, P., & Karim, RA (2024). The Effect of Maturity, Coupon, Profitability, and Liquidity on Bond Ratings in the Financial Sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Journal of Social Science Research , 4 (3), 13406–13415.
[5]. Damayanti, A., Ambarwati, S., & Astuti, T. (2017). Predicting Corporate Bond Ratings Using Financial and Non-Financial Factors . 4 (3), 206–219.

The automatic classification of radar waveforms from raw In-Phase and Quadrature (IQ) samples represents a fundamental challenge in modern electronic warfare, cognitive radar, and spectrum sensing applications. While deep learning has demonstrated remarkable success in radar signal processing, a persistent methodological debate concerns whether direct learning from raw IQ sequences or transformed time-frequency representations yields superior classification performance. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative evaluation of multiple machine learning paradigms for radar waveform classification using the publicly available RadChar dataset. We systematically benchmark three shallow baseline models—Logistic Regression, Random Forest........

[1] S. Haykin, Cognitive Radar: The Knowledge-Aided Fully Adaptive Approach. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2012.
[2] M. A. Richards, Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2014.
[3] J. Hu, H. He, and F. Blaabjerg, "Fault location and classification for distribution systems based on deep graph learning methods,"J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2022.000204Login to Jenni
[4] K. O'Shea and R. Nash, "An introduction to convolutional neural networks,"arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.08458, 2015.
[5] Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, and G. Hinton, "Deep learning,"Nature, vol. 521, no. 7553, pp. 436–444, 2015.