Security incidents occur because breach agents plan and execute attacks, and/or because trusted security mechanisms fail, have shortcomings or are inadequately configured. Review of information resources, and security approaches and measures, is necessary. Extant and current literature on the subject matter revealed that information security is a dynamic never ending process requiring regular review and update of information system resources, security policies, training, processes and mechanisms to ensure business continuity, and to stem information abuses and comply with regulations and standards.

[1]. Stair, R. M. & Reynolds, G. W. (2007). Fundamentals of Information Systems. Boston, MA: Course Technology
[2]. Mellado, D. & Rosado, D. G. (2012). An Overview of Current Information Systems Security Challenges and Innovations. Journal of Universal Computer Science, Special Issue, Vol. 18, No. 12, pp 1598-1607
[3] . Gelbstein, E. (2011). Data Integrity—Information Security‟s Poor Relation. Retrieved from http://www.isaca.org/Journal/Past-Issues/2011/Volume-6/Pages/Data-Integrity-Information-Securitys- Poor-Relation.aspx, 15 Aug, 2014
[4]. Richo Security Solutions. (2010). Home Page. Retrieved from www.ricoh.com, November 17, 2010
[5]. Shostack, A & Stewart, A. (2009). The new approach to Information Security. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education

This paper proposes a new algorithm for Distributed Generator (DG) placement and sizing for distribution systems based on a novel index. The index is developed considering stable node voltages referred as power stability index (PSI). A new analytical approach is adopted to visualize the impact of DG on system losses, voltage profile and voltage stability. The proposed algorithm is tested on 12-bus, modified 12-bus and 69-bus radial distribution networks. The test results are also compared and found to be in close agreement with the existing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm.

Distributed generation, Placement, Sizing, Power stability index, Voltage stability, Particle Swarm Optimization, Radial networks

Financial Re-Engineering has become a major component in the financial and economic environment all over the world. Industrial restructuring has raised important issues for business decisions, government policy, and Foreign Direct Investment policy as well as for public policy formulation. Since 1991, Indian industries have been increasingly exposed to both domestic and international competition, competitiveness, and implemented on the LPG. Hence, in recent times, companies have started restructuring their operations around their core business activities through M & As and capital restructuring. But M & A is an area of potential good as well as potential harm in corporate strategy. It is necessary that an analysis has to be made to copare the financial performance of the Ashok Leyland ltd. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze
the data. This study is mainly focus on the financial performance and to find out the impact of the study.

Financial Reengineering, Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis. Merger and Acquisitions

[1]. Robert Stringer, Leadership and Organizational Climate, Prentice Hall Series, 2001.
[2]. Benjamin Schneider, Organizational Climate and Culture, Jossey – Bass Publishers, 1990.
[3]. Dalpat S Sarupria, T.V.Rao and P.Sethumadhavan, Measuring Organizational Climate, Academy of
Human Resource Development, 1996.
[4]. Roderic Grey, A Climate of Success, Butterworth-Heinemann and imprint of Elsevier, 2008.
[5]. Udai Pareek, Training Instruments in HRD and OD, Second Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2002.

In this paper we are investigate the steady state and partial generating function of single server retrial queue. We concentrate the case of exponential service time and explicit expression for the stationary distribution and factorial moments for the single server retrial queue.

Queuing model, retrials queue, steady state, partial generating function

[1]. Abramowitz, M and Stegun, I.A (1972) Hand book of Mathematical functions. Dover, New York.
[2]. Artalejo,J.R (1993) Explicit formulae for the characteristics of the M/H2/I retrial queue. Operate Res.soc.44,(309-313).
[3]. Artalejo,J.R and Falin,G.I(1994),Stochastic decomposition for retrial queues top2, 329-342.
[4]. Cooper, R.B (1990) .Queuing theory. In Heyman,.D.P ., Sobel , M.J.eds stochastic Models Amsterdam: North-Holland (Elsevier),pp 469-518.
[5]. Falin,G.I.(1980) An M/M/1 queue with repeated calls in the presence of persistence function:Paper 1606-80.All-Union Institute for scientific and Technical information, Moscow.

Our study aims to evaluate the skills of Phd students of the Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, in terms of processing information, communication and self-learning. We have done above mentioned study on three categories of students in three different classes (1st, 2nd or 3rd year). And because of this detailed study we have not only become able to evaluate their skills and knowledge in every part, as well as measure their progress and professional growth in doctoral training.
We have just given Phd students the opportunity to witness so that they may judge the development and appreciate their self-evaluation and resultantly give their opinions and suggestions about discussed items. They have been provided with a detailed questionnaire and they responded by using their ability to apply scientific and technical literature and data processing for explicit exposure. They persuaded common public, practiced languages, adapted and improved their knowledge and methodology on a constant level.
This study gave us a remarkable vision about the flaws which Phd students have at different levels of doctorate. These flaws and deficiencies have been tried to be managed and erased in a definite way. We have met our goal by opting more efficient methods and improved solutions including targeted trainings that complied well with the specific needs of these graduate students.

Skills, PhD Student, Information, Communication, Self-learning, Processing, University, Professional, Doctorate, Conference or seminar, Levels of Languages, Data.

[1]. BERET Pierre, GIRET Jean-François et RECOTILLET Isabelle, Étude sur la mobilité des jeunes docteurs après la thèse, Céreq et LEST, novembre 2002.
[2]. BLONDEL Danièle, L'emploi des docteurs en France°: note de problématique, 2004
[3]. DUHAUTOIS Richard et MAUBLANC Severine, « Les carrières des chercheurs dans les entreprises privées », Centre d'études de l'emploi, Rapport complet, n°25, septembre 2005.
[4]. LEHMAN Jean-Claude (président du groupe), FIXARI Daniel et PALLEZ Frédérique (rapporteurs), Propositions pour favoriser l'emploi des docteurs. Résultats du groupe de travail FutuRIS, 2005.
[5]. Le Monde de l'Education, n°357, Avril 2007.

Ultra-wide band (UWB) radar technology is used to detect targets and finds application in different fields such as military, industry, rescue missions, clinicalmedicine, etc. With its wide bandwidth and high spatial resolution, UWB radar can penetrate non-metallic objects, such as bricks, wood, dry walls, concrete and reinforced concrete. This paper presents the application of smart antenna technique and use of the Capon Beam forming Algorithm for imaging of the target through brick wall and in free space at a certain distance.Smart antennas replace mechanically rotated aperture antennas (Synthetic Aperture Antenna) such that radar using a smart antenna can choose direction it wants to send the signal and receives the information instantaneously. Capon Beam forming is one of the earliest adaptive beam forming techniques. It has the potential to provide significantly better resolution and interference rejection capability compared to conventional delay-and-sum beam former. M-sequence UWB radar technology have an ability to penetrate signal through natural and unnatural objects and offers low cost and quality security system.

UWB Radar, Smart Antenna. Capon Beam forming Algorithm

[1]. Quyen, T. C., Duong, B. G., Fortier, P., & Anh, P. (6-9 Oct. 2008). "An approach for Passiveradar using a smart antenna system". IEEE Xplore pp. 266-269. Hanoi: AdvancedTechnologies for Communications, 2008.
[2]. Binodshrestha & Madhava Reddy Kota."Global BackPaperion for Imaging of Targets Using Msequence UWB radar system". Master's Thesis, HOGSKOLAN IGAVALE, September 2013.
[3]. LeventeDudas, Peter Kovacs, Arpad Drozdy, Rudolf Seller."Smartantenna Phase controlled linear antenna array".AARMS Vol. 7, 2008 pp187–213, Department of Broadband Infocommunication and Electromagnetic Theory,Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
[4]. Guan Xin."Experimental Study of Thermo acoustic Imaging System".A Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy, University Of Florida- 2012.
[5]. J. Li, P. Stoica and Z. Wang, "On Robust Capon Beamforming and Diagonal Loading," IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1702-1715, Jul 2003.

The present paper deals with lead (Pb) accumulation in seeds of groundnut crop (Arachis hypogea L.var TMV-2) grown in lead spiked soil. Pot experimental studies were conducted to study the Lead up take and accumulation in test crop (Arachis hypogea L. Var TMV - 2). The test species was grown in lead spiked soils in test concentrations of 10.2.g/g, 102 g/g and 1020 g/g, besides an unspiked control which is at low available back ground concentration of 1.02g/g. Lead content in range of 0-36.0 g/g was found in seeds of test crop(Arachis hypogea L.) grown in soils amended with lead nitrate in various concentrations in range of 0- 1020 g/g lead. These seed lead content were far beyond the permissible limits of lead in vegetables by WHO/FAO.

Lead uptake and accumulation in plants, Heavy metal pollution in soils, lead levels in soil and plants.

[1]. Bowen, H..J.M(1979) Environmental Chemistry of the elements, Academic Press, London, pp 333
[2]. CHEN, J. Paul; WANG, Lin and ZOU, Shuai-Wen. Determination of lead biosorption properties by experimental and modeling simulation study. Chemical Engineering Journal, July 2007, vol. 131, no. 1- 3, p. 209-215.
[3]. ICAR (1997) in Hand book of Agriculture, Directorate of publications and Information on Agriculture, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan Pusa, New Delhi.
[4]. Kabata-Rendias, A&Pendias, H(1992) Trace elements in soils and plants 2nd edn CRC Press, Florida, U.S.A. PP 365
[5]. Oyedele, D.J., Obioh,I.B., Adejumo, J.A. Oluwole, A.F., Aina, P.O.& Asubiojo, O.I. (1995) Sci. Total Environ. 172:180

In this expose, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based method has been suggested to find the optimal location and setting of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) for simultaneously enhancing the Total Transfer Capability (TTC) and reducing total real power losses of deregulated electricity markets. While solving multi objective OPF, various inequality constraints have been handled by penalty function. The strength of the proposed algorithm has been tested on IEEE 14 bus system. PSO gives accurate results which may be used for online TTC calculation at the energy management centre.

Total Transfer Capability (TTC), Active Power loss Minimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC).

[1]. Weixing Li, Peng Wang, Zhizhong Guo, Determination of optimal total transfer capability using a probabilistic approach, IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 21 (2) (2006) 862-868.
[2]. Peerapol Jirapong, Weerakorn Ongsakul, Optimal placement of multi-type FACTS devices for total transfer capability enhancement using hybrid evolutionary algorithm, Electr. Power Components and System.35 (2007) 981-1005.
[3]. M.Rashidinejad, H.Farahmand, M.Fotuhi- Firuzabad, A.A.Gharaveisi, ATC enhancement using TCSC via artificial intelligent techniques, Electr. Power Syst. Res. 78 (2008) 11-20.
[4]. J.Kennedy, R. Eberhart, Particle swarm optimization, in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, 1995, pp. 1942-1948.
[5]. J.B.Park, K.S.Lee, J.R.Shin, K.Y.Lee, A particle swarm optimization for economic dispatch with nonsmooth cost functions, IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 20 (1) (2005) 34-42.

This scientific research article focus that the Philosophy of word "HUMAN", "WOMAN" shall be considered as having scientifically distinguished meaning and closely associated with "ORGANISM EVOLUTION" in the early universe governed by NATURAL LAW. This research emphasized that in the "Taxonomy‟ of origin of Life (in Biology), Human Kingdom shall be considered as the separate lineage distinguished from Animal kingdom, plant kingdom. This research further stipulates than "Human", "Woman", shall be considered as distinguished "RACE" having distinguished legal meaning under Human Rights definition before "INTERNATIONAL COURT OF LAW". It is further focused that the global level organism including human shall be considered as having three gender as described below.

a) Philosophy of "HUMAN"?...
b) Philosophy of "WOMAN"?...
c) Philosophy of "MALE GENDER"?...
d) Philosophy of "FEMALE GENDER"?...
e) Philosophy of "TRANSGENDER"?...

a) Intensive Internet "e-book" study through, Google search and wikipedia
b) M.Arulmani, "3G Akkanna Man", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2011
c) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "Tamil the Law of Universe", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
d) Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihriah, "Essentials of management", Tata McGraw-Hill publications, 2005
e) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "First Music and First Music Alphabet", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012

The Indian power sector has been facing serious functional problems and challenges during the past few decades. In order to revitalize the distribution sector and to improve its techno-economic performances, Government of India has initiated restructuring or reform process since 1991. This paper provides a comprehensive idea of the distribution Sector reform issues, its key driver, objective ,some recommendations and future scope of the reform. Some case studies have also been presented to analyze the effectiveness and viability of the reform process of distribution sector. This paper will be very much helpful for engineers, researchers, system operators to check and improve the health of distribution sectors in future.

Distribution Sector Reform, APDRP, RGGVY, Electricity Act 2003, MSEDCL.

[1]. Indian Electricity Act. 2003. Online available: http://powermin.nic.in/acts/ notifications/ electricity.
[2]. Best practices in Distribution Loss reduction, Distribution Reform, Upgrades and Management (DRUM) project training material Of USAID INDIA. Available at http://www.usaid.com.
[3]. www.planningcommission.nic.in
[4]. www.powermin.nic.in
[5]. Subhes C.Bhattacharyya, ―Sustainability of power sector reform in India: what does recent experience suggest?, Elsevier -0959-6526-2006 Elsevier Ltd/ doi:10.1016/jelepro..2005.10.004.

The Huvinhalla watershed is found in Koppal Taluka of North Karnataka. Arid to semi arid climatic conditions prevail over the watershed. Closepet granites of pink and grey varieties are the major litho units in the area. These granities along with essential minerals do contain the accessory minerals like hornblende, muscovite, tourmaline, sphene, apatite, biotite etc. These minerals contain fluoride. The weathering of granites has enabled to leach out fluoride from the fluoride bearing minerals. Thus, leached fluoride has contaminated or mixed with the ground water in the aquifer. The fluoride content varies from traces to 3.20 mg/l in the watershed. There is depletion in the fluoride content from the place of recharge to the place of discharge. There is variation in the content of fluoride in pre and post monsoon groundwater samples. In pre monsoon groundwater samples, fluoride varies from traces to 2.5 mg/l with an average of 1.30 mg/l. In post monsoon groundwater samples fluoride varies from traces to 3.20 mg/l with an average of 1.40 mg/l. Dispersion of fluoride in the watershed is described in the paper.

Huvinhalla basin, Watershed, Flouride, Leaching, Aquifer

[1]. BIS(2003), Indian Standard Specification for drinking water, Indian Standard Institurion, New Delhi. p.10
[2]. WHO(1984), Guidelines for drinking water quality, World Health Organisation, Geneva. p.515.
[3]. APHA, 1992: Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water (p.326), Washington: American Public Health Association.
[4]. Carrol D (1962): Rain water as a chemical agent of geological processes – A review. U.S.G.S water supply paper No 1535 – G, p.18.
[5]. Davis S.N., and DeWiest, R.J.M (1966): Hydrogeology, John Wiley and sons Inc, New York.

The main objective of this paper is fabrication and analysis of mechanical properties of FRP composites, comparison of mechanical properties of Kevlar fibre mild steel. A Test piece with kevlar fibers& Epoxy resin LY-556 are fabricated and various mechanical testing is done on both the test pieces and the results have to be compared.
The fabrication is done using the dimensions according to the ASTM standard. The test pieces are tested using Universal Testing Machine. The main purpose of the paper is to determine the best FRP composite from the two test pieces by comparing the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength and compressive strength.

Fabrication, Analysis, FRP Composite, Kevlar Fiber, Epoxy Resin LY-556.

[1]. Mikata, Y and Jaya, M.,'' Stress field in a coated continuous FC subjected to thermal loads", J.composite materials, Vol.19, p.554, 1985.
[2]. Gradin, P.A.,"Inter-laminar fracture of composite materials",J.composite materials, Vol.15, p.386, 1982.
[3]. Chen,J.K.,Sun,C.T.,andChang,C.I.,"Failure analysis of a graphite laminate subjected to combined thermal&mechanical loading",J.composite materials,Vol.19,p.408,1985.
[4]. Ketan, R.P.andChang, D.C.,"Surface damage in composites due to impact load "J.composite materials, Vol.17, p.182, 1983.
[5]. Adams, D.F., and Adams, L.G.,"Tensile impact tests of unidirectional composites in epoxy matrix", J.composite materials, Vol.24, p.256, 1990.

This paper presents a novel control strategy for selective compensation of power quality (PQ) problems, depending upon the limited rating of voltage source inverters (VSIs), through a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) in a three-phase four-wire distribution system. The UPQC is realized by the integration of series and shunt active power filters (APFs) sharing a common dc bus capacitor. The shunt APF is realized using a three-phase, four-leg voltage source inverter (VSI), while a three-leg VSI is employed for the series APF of the three-phase four-wire UPQC. The control scheme for the shunt APF, decomposes the load current into harmonic components generated by consumer and distorted utility. In addition to this, the positive and negative sequence fundamental frequency active components, the reactive components and harmonic components of load currents are decomposed in synchronous reference frame (SRF). The control scheme of the shunt APF performs with priority based schemes, which respects the limited rating of the VSI. For voltage harmonic mitigation, a control scheme based on SRF theory is employed for the series APF of the UPQC. The performance of the control scheme of the UPQC is validated through simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and Power System Block set toolboxes.

Current decomposition, Neutral current compensation, Selective compensation, Unified power quality conditioner (UPQC).

[1]. A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices, Kulwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
[2]. N. G. Hingorani, "Introducing custom power" in Proc. IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 32, pp. 41-48, Jun.1995.
[3]. A. Cetin, H.F. Bilgin, A. Acik, T. Demirci, K.N. Kose, A. Terciyanli, B. Gultekin, N. Aksoy, B. Mutluer, I. C¸ adirci, M. Ermis, K. Ongan, and N. Akinci , "Reactive power compensation of coal conveyor belt drives by using D-STATCOMs" in Proc. IAS, pp.1731-1740, 2007.
[4]. M. J. Newman, D. G. Holmes, J.G. Nielsen, and F. Blaabjerg, "A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) with selective harmonic compensation at medium voltage level" IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 41, pp.1744-1753, Nov./Dec. 2005.
[5]. K. H. Kwan, P. L. So, And Y. C. Chu, "A harmonic selective unified power quality conditioner using MVR with kalman filters" in Proc. IPEC, pp.332-337, 2007.

Over the past few decades increasing human population and the associated phenomenon of urbanization and economic development has resulted in the generation of huge quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW). Management of huge dumps of MSW has become a challenge in most cities in India It involves several activities, which can be categorized into: collection, transportation and disposal of waste. This evolution had been driven by significant advances in computer technology and availability and quantity of data. As the complexity of the management increases there is requirement of computerized software to do the analysis. Geographical Information System (GIS), software's are capable of handling spatial data along with non spatial attributes. The software also has the provision for querying. Use of GIS in MSW management can help in leapfrogging the management technology in developing countries.

Bin placement, Route optimization, Dump-site Selection, Waste Estimation

[1]. Al-Ansari, N.K, Hanbali, A.Al., and Knutsson, S. (2012). Locating Solid Waste Landfills in Mafraq City, Jordan. Advance Science and Engineering Research, 2(1),40-51.
[2]. Annepu, R.K., (2012). Sustainable solid waste management in India. Master's Thesis in Earth Resource Engineering, in Columbia University in the city of New York.
[3]. Bhambulkar, A.V., (2011). Municipal Solid Waste Collection Routes Optimized with ARC GIS Network Analyst. Advanced Engineering Sciences and Technologies, 11(1), 202-207.
[4]. Chaudhary, S., and Das, S., (2012). GIS and Remote Sensing For Landfill site selection- A case study on Dharmanagar Nagar Panchayet. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT), 1(2), 36-43.
[5]. Ghose, M.K., Dikshit, A.K., and Sharma, S.K., (2006). A GIS based transportation model for solid waste disposal- A case studyon Asansol municipality. Journal of Waste Management, 26:1287-1293.

A supply chain is a system which organizes the internal and external resources of an economic enterprise. This research paper identifies the linking or integration of production planning system to the supply chain by using the fuzzy logic methodology for FMCG products. In present market the information associated with a product is fast especially in fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry there is more fierce competition and unable requirement. The study focus on SCM under fuzzy and production planning, which has a great significance.

Fuzzy Theory, Supply Chain Management (SCM), Matlab, Production Planning.

[1]. MadhuBala, Dinesh Kumar, "Supply Chain Performance Attributes for the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry" Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management November 2011 pp. 23-38.
[2]. JipingNiu, John Dartnall, "Application Of Fuzzy-Mrp-Ii In Fast Moving Consumer Goods Manufacturing Industry"Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference,IEEE, 2008, pp. 1939.
[3]. Mohd. H. FazelZarandi, Mohd. M. FazelZarani, S. Saghiri, "Five Crisp and Fuzzy Models for Supply Chain of an Automotive Manufacturing System" International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management Vol. 2 (2007) No. 3, pp. 178-196.
[4]. S. Kreipl, M. Pinedo, "Planning and Scheduling in Supply Chains: An Overview of Issues in Practice" Production and Operations Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, Spring 2004, pp. 77–92.
[5]. H. Stella, V.Alena, "Application of Fuzzy Principles in Evaluating Quality of Manufacturing Process"Wseas Transactions on Power Systems, Issue 2, Volume 7, April 2012.

Contingency Analysis is one of the basic power system studies. It is the protection of the system operation under the loss of one or more of the major system components. To calculate the violations Contingency Analysis is the most preferable choice. Power system engineers use contingency analysis to foretell the result of any component failure. Contingency analysis is a computer application that uses a simulated model of the power system to judge the results and to calculate any overloads and to take necessary actions to keep the power system secure and reliable. To reduce the power flows in heavily loaded lines Flexible AC Transmission System devices are the most alternativeequipment. It results the low system loss, increasing the stability of the network and increased load ability. This paper shows a 24-Bus power system which gives the information about the contingencies and violations.

Contingency Analysis, LODFs, PTDFs, FACTS devices, Single Contingency, Multiple Contingency.

[1]. Chary, D. M., "Contingency Analysis in Power Systems, Transfer CapabilityComputation and Enhancement Using Facts Devices in Deregulated Power System."Ph.D. diss., Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, 2011.
[2]. K. Radha Rani, J. Amarnath, and S. Kamakshaiah, "Contingency Analysis under Deregulated Power Systems", ICGST-ACSE Journal, Volume 11, Issue 2, November 2011.
[3]. Wood, A. J. Wallenberg, B. F., "Power Generation, Operation and Control". 2nd ed.,New York/USA: John Wiley& Sons, 1996, pp. 410-432.
[4]. N-1-1 Contingency Analysis using Power World Simulator by Scott R. Dahman, P.E March 24, 2010, October 25, 2012 (revised).
[5]. P.Preedavichit and S.C.Srivatsava, "Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch considering FACTS devices," Electric Power Syst. Res., vol.46, pp. 251-257, Sep.1998.

Formula SAE is an annual international university-level design competition organized by the Society of Automotive Engineers. The goal for the 140+ teams from around the world is to design, manufacture, and compete with a small open-wheel, open cockpit type racecar. The purpose for this thesis project is to design and manufacture the Formula SAE Vehicle Front and Rear Upright Assemblies. The purpose of an upright assembly is to provide a physical mounting and links from the suspension arms to the hub and wheel assembly, as well as carrying brake components. It is a load-bearing member of the suspension system and is constantly moving with the motion of the wheel. For the use on a high performance vehicle, the design objective for the upright is to provide a stiff, compliance-free design and installation, as well as achieving lower weight to maximize the performance to weight ratio of the vehicle. This then is the goal for the optimization process. The design of the 2014 upright assemblies achieved a total weight reduction of over 2.5 lb, which translates to a 22% reduction overall. This is achieved with no loss in stiffness according to the Finite Element Analysis in the computer.

Formula SAE, Solid works simulation, Hub, spindle.

[1]. Milliken &Milliken, "Race Carve hicle dynamics", SAE International, 1995, ISBN I-56091-526-9
[2]. Carroll Smith, "Tune TO Win", Aero Publisher, Inc, 1978, ISBN 0-87938-071-3
[3]. Carroll Smith , "Engineering TO Win", Aero Publisher, Inc, 1978, ISBN 87938-071-3
[4]. http://www.fsae.com/forums/forum.php
[5]. Adam Theander, "Design of Suspension for Formula Student Race car", Vehicle dynamics Royal Institute of Technology, vol 12, ISSN 1651-7660, pp 2-4, May 2004.

Most of the System-on-Chip (SoC) area covered by embedded memories. As these memories are very tightly integrated, consists majority of defects in soc. Detection of such a complex and diverse faults during fabrication is not possible. Hence leads to failure of soc in field. Usage of test algorithms may increase the coverage of complex faults, but unexpected failures can‟t be covered by these algorithm. Providing possibility of choosing testing algorithms before using in SoC is very important. Programmable BIST approaches, allowing selecting after fabrication a large variety of memory tests, are therefore desirable, but may lead on unacceptable area cost. BIST approaches enabling test algorithm programmability and data background programmability at low area cost have been presented in the past. However, no proposals exist for programming the address sequence used by the test algorithm. In this paper, we extend programmable BIST to complete programmability. This new feature is implemented at low cost by using the memory under test itself to store the desired address sequence and some compact circuitry that enables using this sequence for testing the memory.

Built-in Analyser (BIA), Built-In Self-Repair (BISR), Memory BIST (MBIST), Memory test algorithms, System-on-Chip (SoC).

[1]. Semiconductor Industry Association, "International technology roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS), 2003 edition," Hsinchu, Taiwan, Dec.2003.
[2]. C. Stapper, A. Mclaren, and M. Dreckman, "Yield model for Productivity Optimization of VLSI Memory Chips with redundancy and Partially good Product," IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 398-409, May 1980.
[3]. W. K. Huang, Y. H. shen, and F. lombrardi, "New approaches for repairs of memories with redundancy by row/column deletion for yield enhancement," IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 323-328, Mar. 1990.
[4]. P. Mazumder and Y. S. Jih, "A new built-in self-repair approach to VLSI memory yield enhancement by using neuraltype circuits," IEEE transactions on Computer Aided Design, vol. 12, No. 1, Jan, 1993.
[5]. H. C. Kim, D. S. Yi, J. Y. Park, and C. H. Cho, "A BISR (built-in self repair) circuit for embedded memory with multiple redundancies," VLSI and CAD 6th International Conference, pp. 602-605, Oct. 1999.