Biometric authentication has been receiving much interest over the past decade with rising demands in automated personal identification. Biometric systems are superior because they provide a non-transferable means of identifying people not just cards or badges. Reliability and accuracy in personal authentication system is a dominant concern to the security world. Palm vein authentication technologies are one of the upcoming technologies which is highly secure. It is the world's very first contactless and personal identification system that uses the vein patterns in human palms to confirm a person's identity. The Palm Secure technology is designed in such a way that it can only detect the vein pattern of living people. The scanned process was extremely fast and does not involve any contact meaning that Palm Secure meets the stringent hygienic requirements that are normally necessary for use in public environments. Image fusion is the technology that combines several images of the same area or the same object under different imaging conditions. It is used to generate a result which describes the scene better than any single image with respect to relevant properties; it means the acquisition of perceptually important information. Palm prints are believed to have the critical properties of universality, uniqueness, and collectability for personal authentication. Palms are large in size and contain abundant features of different levels, such as creases, palm lines, texture, ridges, delta points and minutiae. Palms are more robust to damage and dirt.

[1]. International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), Mumbai, 2012 Image Fusion Using Kekre's hybrid Wavelet Transform.
[2]. International Journal of Control and Automation Vol. 3, No. 1, March, 2010 Palm Vein Authentication System: A Review
[3]. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-2, Issue-5, June 2013, A Hybrid Approach for Securing Biometric Template
[4]. ETRI Journal, Volume 24, Number 1, February 2002 Efficient Use of MPEG-7 Edge Histogram Descriptor
[5]. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 4, No.3, 2013 Multi-resolution Analysis of Multi-spectral Palm prints using Hybrid Wavelets for Identification

In the present day living world "CAR" is considered as "Status symbol" of human society. It also determines the state of official capacity like car of King, car of President, car of Prime Minister of global nations.

i) Car needs FOUR WHEELS?...

ii) Car differs from CART?...

iii) Car differs from CHARIOT?...

iv) Car differs from VEHICLE?...

In this present study, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques are used to update drainage and surface water bodies to evaluate linear, relief and aerial morphometric parameters and to prioritize the watersheds of the Markandeya River Sub-Basin (MRSB), located in Belgaum district of Karnataka state,India. The Markandeya River Sub-Basin has sub-dendritic to dendritic drainage pattern. The highest bifurcation ratio among all the watersheds is 5.14 which indicates a weak structural control on the drainage. The maximum value of circularity ratio is 0.5198 for the watershed MW-3, which also has highest elongation ratio (0.64). The form factor values are in the range of 0.25 to 0.32 which indicates that the Markandeya River Sub-Basin has moderately high peak flow for shorter duration. The compound parameter values are calculated and prioritization rating of four watersheds in Markandeya River Sub-Basin is carried out. The watershed with the lowest compound parameter value is given the highest priority. The watershed MW-1 having a minimum compound parameter (Cp) value of 1.625 is likely to be subjected to maximum soil erosion and hence, it should be provided with immediate soil conservation measures.

Markandeya River Sub-Basin, Morphometric analysis, RS, GIS, Watershed prioritization,

[1]. Altaf F., Meraj G. and Romshoo S. A. 2013: "Morphometric analysis to infer hydrological behaviour of lidder watershed, Western Himalaya, India" Geography Journal 2013, 1-14.
[2]. Band LE (1986) Topographic partition of watersheds with digital elevation models. Water Resour Res 22: 15–24
[3]. Chow, V.T. (Ed.) ( 1964) Handbook of Applied Hydrology – A compendium of water-resourses technology. McGraw – Hill Book Company.
[4]. Frissell, C.A., W.J. Liss, C.E. Warren, and M.D. Hurley. 1986. A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classification: viewing streams in a watershed context. Environmental Management 10: 199-214.
[5]. Gurnell AM and Montgomery AR (1999) Hydrological applications of GIS. Wiley, Chichester, pp 176

With the advent of new technology in the fields of VLSI and communication, there is also an ever growing demand for high speed processing and low area design. It is also a well-known fact that the multiplier unit forms an integral part of processor design. Due to this regard, high speed multiplier architectures become the need of the day. In this paper, we introduce a novel architecture to perform high speed multiplication using ancient Vedic math's techniques. A new high speed approach utilizing 4:2 compressors and novel 7:2 compressors for addition has also been incorporated in the same and has been explored. Upon comparison, the compressor based multiplier introduce in this paper, is almost two times faster than the popular methods of multiplication. This all design and experiments were carried out on a Xilinx Spartan 3e series of FPGA and the timing and area of the design, on the same have been calculated.

4:2 Compressor, Modified 4:2 Compressor, Proposed 4:2 Compressor, 7:2 Compressor, Urdhwa Multiplier

[1]. Sushma R. Huddar and Sudhir Rao, Kalpana M., "Novel High Speed Vedic Mathematics Multiplier using Compressors ", 978-1-4673-5090-7/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE.
[2]. Avneesh Kumar, Paresh Rawat, "High Speed Area Efficient 8-point FFT using Vedic Multiplier", IJERA ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 12 (part 4), December 2014, pp. 105-108.
[3]. S. S. Kerur, Prakash Narchi, Jayashree C N, Harish M Kittur and Girish V A, "Implementation of Vedic multiplier for Digital Signal Processing", International Conference on VLSI, Communication & Instrumentation (ICVCI) 2011, Proceedings published by International Joural of Computer Applications® (IJCA), pp.1-6.
[4]. Himanshu Thapaliyal and M.B Srinivas, "VLSI Implementation of RSA Encryption System Using Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics", Center for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies, International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, India.
[5]. Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji Maharaja, "Vedic Mathematics: Sixteen simple Mathematical Formulae from the Veda", Delhi(2011).

This paper provides an overview of the current methods of analysing and repairing cracks in concrete pavements. The Finite element method (FEM) models and non-destructive analysis method, and the repairing methods using electro-deposition, electro chemical, recycled steel fibres are reviewed.

Finite element method, Electro-deposition, Recycled steel fibres, Industrial steel fibres, Non-Destructive analysis

[1]. Swati Roy Maitra, K. S. Reddy and L. S. Ramachandra, Estimation of Critical Stress in Jointed Concrete Pavement, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 104 ( 2013 ) 208 – 217.
[2]. Chang Xu, Yan Anzhi, Mingcheng Liao, Tang Chunan, Analysis of periodic cracks in surface layer of pavement structures, Engineering Failure Analysis 18 (2011) 411–420.
[3]. Piotr Mackiewicz, Thermal stress analysis of jointed plane in concrete pavements, Applied Thermal Engineering 73 (2014) 1169e1176.
[4]. Z.G. Ghauch, G.G. Abou-Jaoude, Strain response of hot-mix asphalt overlays in jointed plain concrete pavements due to reflective cracking, Computers and Structures 124 (2013) 38–46
[5]. E. Taillet, J.F. Lataste, P. Rivard, A. Denis, Non-destructive evaluation of cracks in massive concrete using normal DC resistivity logging, NDT&E International 63 (2014) 11–20 .

The earthquake causes a great damage to the structure. It is very important to protect the structure from earthquake forces and it can be done by various methods. One of the methods is seismic base isolation. The modeling procedure of not only fixed base but also of base isolated building in ETAB software is carried out and also manual. Also the design steps of isolators and linear static analysis using UBC 97 for isolated building has been discussed in the present work. Analytical seismic response of (G+14) storied building supported on base isolation system is investigated and compared with fixed base building.

ETABS and Manual

[1]. ETABS Version 9.70 (1997), Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California. International Code Council, Inc. (2000). International Building Code.
[2]. A.B.M. Saiful Islam, Mohammed Jameel and Mohd Zamin Jumaat, "Seismic isolation in buildings to be a practical reality: Behavior of structure and installation technique‟, Journal of Engineering and Technology Research Vol. 3(4), 99-117, April 2011.
[3]. Tustomu Hanai, Shinji Nakata, Shin-ichi Kiriyama, and Nobuo Fukuwa, "Coparison of seismic performance of base-isolated house with various decvices‟, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 1203.
[4]. Farzad Naeim and James M. Kelly, Design of seismic isolated structures from theory to practice , JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., Canada 1999.
[5]. Y. Ribakvo and I. Iskhakov, "Experimental Methods for Selecting Base Isolation Parameters for Public Buildings‟, The open construction and building technology Journal, 2,1-6,2008.

Rotationally invariant transforms, namely, angular radial transform and polar harmonic transforms such as polar cosine transform, polar sine transform and polar complex exponential transforms, are used to characterize image features for a number of applications like logo recognition, face recognition etc. But the computation of features using these transforms is an expensive process due to their sinusoidal basis functions which are quite computationally expensive. In this paper, the transform coefficients are analyzed to observe the effect of rotation on each coefficient. The experimentation is done to find most robust transform coefficients under rotation for each transform. Further, analysis is done to trace the effect of observed robust transform coefficients in face recognition application. The results show that the recognition rate remains same for cases when all transform coefficients are used for extracting image features and when only 50% to 60% observed robust moments are used whereas the execution time decreases resulting in fast execution of application.

Angular radial transform, polar harmonic transforms, polar cosine transform, polar sine transform, polar complex exponential transform, face recognition, feature extraction, Euclidean distance.

[1]. Bober M., MPEG-7 Visual shape descriptors. IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video ., 11 (6) (2001) 716-719.
[2]. Yap P.T., Jiang X., Kot A.C., Two-dimensional polar harmonic transforms for invariant image representation. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 32 (7) (2010) 1259-1270.
[3]. Wahdan O.M., Omar K. and Nasrudin M.F., Logo recognition system using angular radial transform descriptors. Journal of Computer Science. 7 (9) (2011) 1416-1422.
[4]. He D., Sun Q. and Tian Q., A semi-fragile object based video authentication system. ISCAS (2003).
[5]. Fang J. and Qiu G., Human face detection using angular radial transform and support vector machines.

Recommendation technology, is an important method for information filtering in E-Commerce applications, and can effectively reduce information overload in Internet. It narrows down the choice of products from a large number of product offerings. With increase in the number of E-commerce users and products, the original recommendation algorithms and systems face many challenges namely in modeling user's interests more accurately, providing more diverse recommendation modes, and supporting large-scale expansion of data. To address these challenges, and meet the present demands of E-commerce applications, a personalized hybrid recommendation system, which can support massive data set, has been designed and implemented on Hadoop.

E-Commerce,Bigdata,Apache Hadoop,Personalized Hybrid Recommendation.

[1]. Z. Huang, D. Zeng and H. Chen. A Comparison of Collaborative- Filtering Recommendation Algorithms for E-commerce.
[2]. URL:www.amazon.com.
[3]. URL:www.netflix.com.
[4]. URL:www.youtube.com.
[5]. M. Armbrust, A. Fox, R. Griffith, et al. Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing[J]. Commun. ACM. 2010, 53: 50-58.

It is essential to know the rate of compression of clay for design purposes. Determination of the value of coefficient of consolidation cv which gives the rate at which compression of soil layer takes place can be done by conducting routine one-dimensional consolidation tests. Since this test is time consuming, it is desirable to predict the value of cv by correlating with some simple index property, especially for preliminary assessment. From literature, it can be seen that researchers have attempted to correlate cv with various index properties like liquid limit (Lambe and Whitman, 1979), plasticity and liquidity index (Carrier, 1985),void ratio at the liquid limit and in situ effective overburden pressure (Raju et al., 1995), shrinkage index (Sridharan and Nagaraj, 2004) etc. To obtain a correlation of cv with index properties for the soil of Manipur, routine one-dimensional consolidation tests were conducted on five different types of soils collected from different places of Manipur. From the present experimental study on undisturbed soil specimens, it is found that cv has a better correlation with the liquid limit.

liquid limit, plasticity index, shrinkage index, coefficient of consolidation, overburden pressure.

[1]. Carrier, W. D., III, (1985). "Consolidation Parameters Derived From Index Tests," Geotechnique, Vol.
35, No. 2, pp. 211–213.
[2]. Lambe, T. W. and Whitman, R. V., (197).Soil Mechanics, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
[3]. Robinson,R. G. and Allam, M. M., (1998). "Effect of Clay Mineralogy on Coefficient of
Consolidation," Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol. 46 (5), pp. 596-600.
[4]. Asma Y. Al-Tae‟e and Abbas F. Al- Ameri (2011). "Estimation of Relation between Coefficient of
Consolidation and Liquid Limit of Middle and South Iraqi Soils," Vol. 17 (2), pp. 433-440.
[5]. Sridharan, A. and Nagaraj, H. B.(2004)."Coefficient of Consolidation and its Correlation with Index
Properties of Remolded Soils," ASTM, Vol. 27(5), pp. 1-6.

Amateur radio or Ham radio [1] is a provider of supplemental communications for disaster relief and disaster control agencies. Amateur radio can cover gamut of areas where conventional system fails to function. For example, existing vehicle tracking system works on GSM or GPRS based network which cannot function in remote geographical areas. This leads to construct alternate network using Amateur radio to establish audio communication and support in data acquisition.

VHF, Vehicle Tracking, GPS, Amateur Radio, HAM Radio

[1]. "HAM Radio", Internet: http://www.giar.org/index.php?file=webpages/webpage&id=what-is-ham-radio [5 May 2015]
[2]. Lynn Edwards, 1994, The utilization of amateur radio in disaster communications
[3]. "Role of Amateur Radio in Development Communication of Bangladesh", Internet: http://www.cimap.vt.edu/files/internet/Impression/ICT.pdf. [5 May 2015]
[4]. Ferguson, Richard, 1992, Packet Radio and Emergency Communications: Public Safety Enters the Digital World. 73 Amateur Radio Today (October):42-45.
[5]. "Amateur Radio", Internet:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio [5 May 2015]

Wireless sensor network is an emerging field leading to the various applications worldwide. Small nodes being used are capable enough to sensing, computation, collection and forwarding the data to the Base Station. Battery source is one of the most prominent concerning issue in making the sensor network running for performing various assigned tasks. This battery source has all business with the routing strategies being employed. Here in this paper the routing protocol LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) is being reviewed to explore the advancements in clustering strategies. LEACH is being the first clustering protocol which selects the cluster head in each round and thereby balancing the energy consumption throughout the network. The work in the paper focus to discuss various variants of LEACH aiming to enhance the network life-time.

LEACH, Wireless Sensor Networks, Battery Source, Hierarchical Routing Protocols.

[1]. I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci "A Survey on sensor networks," IEEE Communication Magazine, pp. 393–422, 2002.
[2]. Kemal Akkaya, Mohamed Younis "A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks," IEEE Communication Magazine on Ad Hoc Networks, pp. 325–349, 2005.

[3]. J. N. AL-Karaki, A. E. Kamal, "Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey", IEEE Wireless Communications, Vol.11, pp. 6 – 28, 2004.
[4]. Rudranath Mitra and Diya Nandy, "A Survey on clustering techniques for wireless sensor network," International Journal of Research in Computer Science, Vol.2, No. 4, pp.51-57, 2012.

[5]. W.R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H.Balakrishnan, "An Application-Specific Protocol Architecture for Wireless Microsensor Networks," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 1, No.4, pp.660-670 ,Oct 2002.

This paper presents a saliency-based video object extraction (VOE) framework. The proposed framework aims to automatically extract foreground objects of interest without any user interaction or the use of any training data (i.e., not limited to any particular type of object). To separate foreground and background regions within and across video frames, the proposed method utilizes visual and motion saliency information extracted from the input video. A conditional random field is applied to effectively combine the saliency induced features, which allows us to deal with unknown pose and scale variations of the foreground object (and its articulated parts). Based on the ability to preserve both spatial continuity and temporal consistency in the proposed VOE framework, experiments on a variety of videos verify that our method is able to produce quantitatively and qualitatively satisfactory VOE results.

Conditional random field (CRF), video object extraction (VOE), visual saliency.

[1]. B. Wu and R. Nevatia, ―Detection and segmentation of multiple, partially occluded objects by grouping, merging, assigning part detection responses,‖ Int. J. Comput. Vis., vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 185–204, 2009.
[2]. Z. Lin and L. S. Davis, ―Shape-based human detection and segmentation via hierarchical part-template matching,‖ IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 604–618, Apr. 2010.
[3]. Y. Y. Boykov, O. Veksler, and R. Zabih, ―Fast approximate energy minimization via graph cuts,‖ IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 1222–1239, Nov. 2001.
[4]. C. Rother, V. Kolmogorov, and A. Blake, ―‗GrabCut': Interactive foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts,‖ ACM Trans. Graph., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 309–314, 2004.
[5]. A. Criminisi, G. Cross, A. Blake, and V. Kolmogorov, ―Bilayer segmentation of live video,‖ in Proc. IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., Jun. 2006, pp. 53–60.

The password plays an important role for user authentication on computers. However, as users are required to remember more, longer, and changing passwords, it is evident that a more convenient and secure solution to user authentication is necessary. That system examines passwords, security tokens and biometrics-collectively calls authenticators-and compares these authenticators and their combinations. The design of a system in which a user's mobile device serves as a vehicle for establishing trust in a public computing kiosk by verifying the integrity of all software loaded on that kiosk. This procedure leverages several emerging security technologies, namely the Trusted Plat form Module, the Integrity Measurement Architecture, and new x86 support for establishing a dynamic root of trust. That system balances the desire of the user to maintain data confidentiality against the desire of the kiosk owner to prevent misuse of the kiosk.

Network Security, m-Pass, Phishing, authentication.

[1]. Hung-Min Sun, Yao-Hsin Chen, and Yue-Hsin Lin "oPass: A User Authentication Protocol Resistant to Password Stealing and Password Reuse Attack", in IEEE Transaction Vol 7, No.2, April 2012.
[2]. S. Gawand E. W. Felten, "Password management strategies for online accounts," in SOUPS '06: Proc. 2nd Symp. Usable Privacy. Security, New York, 2006, pp. 44–55, ACM.
[3]. D. Florencio and C. Herley, "A large-scale study of web password habits," in WWW '07: Proc. 16th Int. Conf. World Wide Web, New York, 2007, pp. 657–666, ACM.
[4]. B. Ives, K. R. Walsh, and H. Schneider, "The domino effect of password reuse," Commun. ACM, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 75–78, 2004.
[5]. S. Chiasson, A. Forget, E. Stobert, P. C. van Oorschot, and R. Biddle, "Multiple password interference in text passwords and click-based graphical passwords," in CCS '09: Proc. 16th ACM Conf. Computer Communications Security, New York, 2009, pp. 500–511, ACM

A dual-display device is designed and described in this paper. The device sports multiple features
and combines an E-Ink display (secondary) with a regular IPS LCD display (primary) along with a hand-jack, a
flip-cover and an auto switch mode. This paper describes the functionalities, features and the design in detail.

E-ink display, Dual-display, hand-jack, flip-cover, tablet.

...

In everyday human life so many "QUESTIONS" are being asked. No question shall mean no life… Some questions can be answered and some questions can‟t be answered Why I was born?... Why I am black?... Why earth quake occurs?... Why I hide revenue income?... Why I deposit in Swiss bank?.... In parliament session also so many questions are being asked during "zero hour". Questioning is easier than answering?...

i) What does mean "conscience"?
ii) What does mean "Science"?
iii) "Science" means contradiction to "conscience"?
iv) Conscience is state of "sleepless"?...
v) Conscience is state of "white"?...

[1]. YUGADI WISHES (IARA, March 2015)
[2]. TAMIL PUTHANDU!... (AJER, April 2015)
[3]. THEN MADURAI?... (IJERD, April 2015)
[4]. TAMIL NEW YEAR COOL DRINK?... (AJER, April 2015)
[5]. SCIENTIFIC RAMANUJAM?... (IJERD, April 2015)

Civil structures are susceptible to damages over their service lives due to aging, environmental loading, fatigue and excessive response. Such deterioration significantly affects the performance and safety of structure. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the structural performance, detect and assess damages at the earliest possible stage in order to reduce the life-cycle cost of structure and improve its reliability. Recently, signal-based methods have been widely used for structural health monitoring and damage detection. These methods examine changes in the features derived directly from the measured time histories or their corresponding spectra through proper signal processing methods and algorithms to detect damage. Based on different signal processing algorithms for feature extraction, these methods are classified into time-domain methods, frequency-domain methods, and time-frequency (or time-scale)-domain methods. This paper provided an overview of these methods based on two aspects: (1) feature extraction algorithms, and (2) successful applications. Signal-based methods are particularly more effective for structures with complicated nonlinear behaviour and the incomplete, incoherent, and noise-contaminated measurements of structural response.

Damage detection, signal-based methods, features extraction, pattern recognition, algorithms and applications.

[1]. P.C. Chang and S.C. Liu, "Recent Research in Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Infrastructures", Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 15, No.3, pp. 298, 2003.
[2]. P.J. Barr, B. Woodward, B. Najera and M.N. Amin, "Long-Term Structural Health Monitoring of the San Ysidro Bridge", Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 20, No.1, pp. 14, 2006.
[3]. G. Cardinale, G. and M. Orlando, "Structural Evaluation and Strengthening of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge", Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 35, 2004.
[4]. S.W. Doebling, C.R. Farrar, M.B. Prime, and D.W. Shevitz, "Damage Identification and Health Monitoring of Structural and Mechanical Systems from Change in Their Vibration Characteristics: A Literature Review", Report, LA-13070-MS, US-900: Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, 1996.
[5]. H. Sohn, C.R. Farrar, F.M. Hemez, D.D. Shunk, D.W. Stinemates and B.R. Nadler, "A Review of Structural Health Monitoring Literature: 1996-2001", Report, LA-13976-MS: Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, 2003.

Aquaculture is a key part of the regional economy in India and many other parts of Asia, but at present it is also responsible for diverse problems related with the environmental health. The industry is known to cause soil salinization, which can affect the productivity of surrounding croplands. Salinization of soil in nearby agricultural land and drinking water resources due to seepage and percolation from aqua ponds is one of the environmental issues in aquaculture as it merges and interacts with the environment. The high seepage rate not only results into water loss but also reduces pond fertility. In the present paper, soil salinization of agricultural lands around aqua ponds due to seepage of water from ponds was studied. The ponds selected were viz. aqua ponds with clay type of soil without any trench, a nearby aqua pond with a small trench of one meter width, a pond with integrated aquaculture and agriculture and a pond with sandy soil with one meter trench. Samples were collected from 0 meters (outer side of the pond or trench bund) up to 50meters distance from the pond and 10cm to 30 cm depth between 0 m to 50 meters and analyzed for pH, TDS, EC, Total Nitrogen, Phosphorous, potassium, Sulphur, Sodium etc. Relationship with soil texture and seepage was also established. Seepage is more in case of a pond without any trench when compared to a pond with trench. Salinization due to seepage was observed to a long distance in case of sandy soils than clay soils. More soil acidification was observed up to 10cm depth from surface than deeper soils.

Aqua ponds, Salinization, Soil texture, Buffer zone, Seepage, Sodocity, Acidification, Agriculture

[1]. Physical and chemical characteristics of pond water and bottom soil, in channel catfish ponds in West Central –Albama: 2004, Kom Silapajarn, C.E. Boyd and Orawan Silpajarn
[2]. Effects of water quality on soil, plants and irrigation equipment, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government site.
[3]. Risk analysis of the soil salinization due to low salinity shrimp farming in Central plain of Thailand-Seng-keh Teng; GESAMP reports and studies, No-76.
[4]. Shrimp, salinity and sustainability- An assessment from Southern India.-2009 SANDEE No: 36-09
[5]. Comparative Study of Physico-chemical properties of soil according to the age of aquaculture pond of Bangladesh.2012.Mesopot. J.Mar.Sci., M.A.M.Siddique, P.Barua and M.H. Ghani, 27(1), 29-38.

This paper reviews the optimization of cutting parameters for surface roughness in the turning process. Surface roughness is one of the most commonly used criteria to determine quality of a turned surface. The surface roughness of a turned surface is an important response parameter. Surface roughness contributes to better function or longer life span. It also contributes to abrasion resistance material and good wear resistance. Taguchi method is a powerful tool to design optimization for quality. It is used to find the optimal cutting parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius as the overall cost can be reduced. This paper gives some background of optimization technique applied to various turning processes for improving surface roughness.

Taguchi, Optimization, Turning, Surface Roughness.

[1]. J.S.Dureja, Rupinder Singh & Manpreet Bhatti "Optimizing flank wear and surface roughness during hard turning of AISI D3 steel by Taguchi and RSM methods" Production and Manufacturing Research Vol 2.1 pg 767-783 (2014).
[2]. Dr. C. J. Rao, Dr Nageswara rao, P.srihari "Influence of cutting parameters on cutting force and surface finish in turning operation" International Conference on design and manufacturing Vol 64 pg 1405-1415 (2013).
[3]. R Ramanujan, K venketesan "Modeling and optimization of cutting parameters in dry turning of Inconel 718 using Coated Carbide Inserts" International conference on advances in materials science & engineering Vol 5 pg 2550-2559(2014)
[4]. A Mahamani "Influence of Process Parameters on Cutting Force and Surface Roughness During Turning of AA2219-TiB2/ZrB2" 3rd International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterization Vol 6 pg 1178-1186 (2014)
[5]. Shreemoy Kumar Nayak, Jatin Kumar Patro, Shailesh Dewangan, Soumya Gangopadhyay "Multi-Objective Optimization of Machining Parameters During Dry Turning of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Using Grey Relational Analysis" Vol 6 Page 707-708 (2013).

Some of the world's plants are already at the edge of becoming extinct. So to saving earth's biodiversity for future generations is an important global task. To identify flower pollen grain is an important task for the reproduction procedure. This involves mapping plants distribution by collecting pollen and identifying them in a laboratory environment. But it takes long time consuming process to identify them so for that computer system is developed the model to identify pollen grain and classify them. Our proposed system identifies flower pollen grain images and classifies them into different families. Flower pollen grain surface parameters like color, texture, shape etc are used to extract the features. In our proposed system we used color and texture feature. In order to extract the color feature we used HSV color model and for texture feature used GLCM (Gray level co-occurrence matrix).We have used ANN feed forward back propagation algorithm to classify our pollen grain images. Accuracy of classification is checked using color feature and texture features standalone and also with combined features. Instead of using single features combined features gives better result. In our proposed system we have taken dataset of 122 images, 77 images are trained with ANN feed forward back propagation and 35 images used for testing set. Our system gives approximate 77.14% accuracy with ANN.

extraction, Color feature, Texture feature, HSV, Otsu's method, Canny edge detection, GLCM, neural network.

[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing
[2]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower
[3]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning
[4]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilayer_perceptron
[5]. http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/pollen/index.html

In this paper it contains the inductor type Z-source inverter, the disadvantage of capacitor charging and discharging can be solved by using diode in the circuit. The inverter can increase the boost factor by changing the value of the different modulation index. By using the third order harmonic injection method the level of the total harmonic distortion (THD) and the losses can be further reduced comparing to the traditional Z-source inverter.

Damage detection, signal-based methods, features extraction, pattern recognition, algorithms and applications.

[1]. P.C. Chang and S.C. Liu, "Recent Research in Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Infrastructures", Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 15, No.3, pp. 298, 2003.
[2]. P.J. Barr, B. Woodward, B. Najera and M.N. Amin, "Long-Term Structural Health Monitoring of the San Ysidro Bridge", Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 20, No.1, pp. 14, 2006.
[3]. G. Cardinale, G. and M. Orlando, "Structural Evaluation and Strengthening of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge", Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 35, 2004.
[4]. S.W. Doebling, C.R. Farrar, M.B. Prime, and D.W. Shevitz, "Damage Identification and Health Monitoring of Structural and Mechanical Systems from Change in Their Vibration Characteristics: A Literature Review", Report, LA-13070-MS, US-900: Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, 1996.
[5]. H. Sohn, C.R. Farrar, F.M. Hemez, D.D. Shunk, D.W. Stinemates and B.R. Nadler, "A Review of Structural Health Monitoring Literature: 1996-2001", Report, LA-13976-MS: Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM, 2003.