The gases coming out from the engine exhaust contains toxins that need to be in treatment, one of them using the catalyst. Zeolite filter is a mineral that can be used as a catalyst through the chemical and physical processes. Physical process is used to reduce the size, while thechemical process is used to activate the zeolite to become catalyst. Zeolite powder is then established in the next packaging package with the 200 up to 400grams with the size of 100mesh. The process of calcining and activation is done in an acid at a temperature 550 oC for a few hours. The purpose of this research is to know how big carbondioxide and hydrocarbons emissions can be reduced by the zeolite catalyst, then compared to standard conditions. What is the working optimum temperature of catalyst when to reduce emissions of the flue gases.How much the changes in power and the fuel consumption when catalyst is applied, compared further toward the standard. Exhaust emissions and power are then tested using variable speed methodtest up to 4000rpm.The data is then presented in the form of graphs the it is compared to present and analyzed. Based on the results of the test data it shows the optimum temperature zeolite catalyst is 575oC and the CO emissions reduced by 27.35 % at 3500rpm and HC of 35,94% on 3250rpm. As well as the rise in sfc by 0.56% compared to the standard and reducingpower of 6% from the standard.

[1]. Anonymous. 1990. The Subjects of the Engine Group. Jakarta: P.T.Toyota-Astra Motor
[2]. Anonimus. 2014. Toyota 1500cc. www.carinf.com. Accessed: 16 October 2014.
[3]. Arismunandar W. 1994. Motor Fuel Clogging. Bandung: Publisher ITB,.
[4]. Bahl B.S et al. 1997. Essentials of Physical Chemistry. New Dehli: S Scand & Company Ltd
[5]. cott Fogler.H. 2001. Elements Of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Fourth Edition. New Jersey: International Prentice-Hall, Inc,.

Since last decade or so, new types of experiments are changing the way to analyze complex research problems in biological systems at mini levels and with much simplicity. Such type of experiments called as high throughput experiments use automated technology along with conventional methods. The main advantage of such technology is ‗parallelization' i.e. several thousands of tests can be run simultaneously rather than doing them one by one. One of such miniaturized technology known as DNA microarray enables us to study simultaneously the behavior of all the genes of an organism under different conditions in a single go. Over the period of time, different types of microarrays have been developed to answer different biological questions. In fact, microarray technology is a fast approach to study thousands of DNA and protein molecules simultaneously. A DNA microarray (also commonly known as gene chip, DNA chip, or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid support such as glass chip. A DNA microarray works by exploiting the ability of a given mRNA/cDNA molecule to bind specifically to, or hybridize to, the DNA template from which it originated. By this technology, scientists determine the expression levels of hundreds or thousands of genes within a cell by simply measuring the amount of mRNA/cDNA bound to each site on the array in a single experiment rather than going by gene-by-gene analysis. Using DNA Microarray analysis coupled with computational methods, the nature and the function or molecular mechanism of action of different genes of an organism can be investigated in one go. The present paper provides a basic overview on various types of DNA microarrays used in various biological endeavors.

Microarray, surface chemistry, cDNA, hybridization, .gene expression

Classification of database of programming languages is useful in system modeling situations to produce a concise representation of the behaviour of a system. Such analysis can be formed using different similar algorithms to aggregate the number of data sets to manage number of subsets /categories. Here ten languages are classified based on five different methods.1) based on weight of criteria, 2) based on Bayesian theory, 3) Based on MCDM, Multi criterion decision making. 4) Based on Defect 5) Based on productivity.

grain refinement, nucleant effects, activation energy, artificial ageing, Al-Sc master alloy.

[1]. W Li, Q Pan, Y Xiao, Y He, X Liu, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 21(2011),2127-2133.
[2]. L.F.Mondolfo, Aluminium Alloys: Structure & Properties, Butterworth, London, 1976.
[3]. Mohanty P S, Gruzleski J E, Acta metall. Mater., Vol. 43, No. 5,1995, pp. 2001-2012.
[4]. Davydov V G, Rostova T D, Zakharov V V, Materials Science and Engineering, A280 (2000),30-36.
[5]. Dev S, Stuart A A, Ravi Dev Kumaar R C, Murty B S, Materials Science and Engg. A, 467 (2007) 132-138.

The increasing use of wireless networks and the constant miniaturization of electrical devices have empowered the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). WBAN is designed to operate autonomously by establishing a wireless communication link. Various medical sensors and appliances are attached or implanted inside and outside of a human body. The media access control (MAC) layer plays an important role in deciding the energy efficiency. We do the research on the adaptive energy efficient Medium Access Control protocol used in WBAN, so to increase the network lifetime. The proposed protocols show increase in common node remaining energy, cluster node remaining energy, BAN co-or node remaining energy and decreasing in delay. This is achieved because of dynamic duty cycle and priorities based message passing schemes.

Wireless Body Area Networks, Media Access Control, Wireless Local Area Network, Personal Digital Assistant, Sensor Media Access Control

[1]. Benot Latre, Bart Braem, Ingrid Moerman, Chris Blondia, Piet Demeester, "A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks", pp. 1-18.
[2]. Min Chen · Sergio Gonzalez · Athanasios Vasilakos ·Huasong Cao · Victor C. M. Leung, "Body Area Networks: A Survey", Mobile Netw Appl (2011) 16:171–193 DOI 10.1007/s11036-010-0260-8, Springer
[3]. Min Chen · Sergio Gonzalez · Athanasios Vasilakos ·Huasong Cao · Victor C. M. Leung, "Body Area Networks: A Survey", Mobile Netw Appl (2011) 16:171–193 DOI 10.1007/s11036-010-0260-8, Springer.
[4]. 15-09-0054-00-0006-csem-s-response-to-the-call-forproposal.
[5]. Kyung Sup Kwak, M. A. Ameen, Daehan Kwak, Cheolhyo Lee, Hyungsoo Lee, "A Study on Proposed IEEE 802.15 WBAN MAC Protocols", ISCIT 2009, IEEE, pp. 834-840.

Heat transfer of two-phase flow in shell and tubes heat exchanger (HEx.) were investigated experimentally and simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for a two-phase flow. Heat transfer to flow of mixture (air–water) through tubes side heating by a flow of hot water in shell side was considered in this study. A computer model using flow simulation of SolidWorks® Premium 2014 edition has been developed and performed for a studied heat exchanger by applying several operating conditions. Important flow quantities of mixture of (air-water) such as void fraction, liquid velocity, pressure drop and temperature distribution were estimated at different inlet flow rates.Comparison of the obtained results of temperature, pressure drop and overall heat transfer coefficients show good agreement with experimental data. The results contour plots reveal that an appearance of the gas phase into the liquid stream play an important role in the distribution of phase, velocity, pressure, and temperature in tubes of the shell-tubes HEx. Results generally indicate to that the increasing of overall heat transfer coefficient, and pressures drop as ReSG increases for a fixed low ReSL due to increase of turbulence and mixing action in the water stream as result of a continuous interaction of the twophase
in tubes of HEx. Thus, the performance of shell and tubes heat exchanger is more efficient and improved for two-phase more than one phase flow in tubes. So, the simulation model by a CFD has more ability to capture and the interpretation for main flow features compared to an experimental model.

Simulation; Shell and Tubes; Solid Works; CFD; Air–water; Two Phase.

[1]. V.P. Dubey, R.P. Verma, P.S. Verma, and A.K. Srivastava, "Steady State Thermal Analysis of Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger to Demonstrate the Heat Transfer Capabilities of Various Thermal Materials using Ansys", Global Journal of Researches In Engineering, Vol. 14(4), 2014.
[2]. S. Lin, J. Broadbent, and R. McGlen, "Numerical study of heat pipe application in heat recovery systems", Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 25, pp.:127-133, 2005.
[3]. M.H. Saber, and H.M. Ashtiani, "Simulation and CFD Analysis of heat pipe heat exchanger using Fluent to increase of the thermal efficiency", In Proceedings of 5th IASME/WSEAS International conference on Continuum Mechanics, Vol. 183, 183-189, 2010.
[4]. V.H. Haran, G.R. Reddy and B. Sreehari, "Thermal Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using C and Ansys", International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT), Vol. 4(7), pp. 2340- 2345, 2013.

Association rule mining is one of the most important techniques used for finding the correlations among different fields in large databases.it finds the frequent, infrequent and non-present item sets from the relational data bases. Most of the traditional techniques are useful in finding the frequent item sets. But infrequent patterns and non-present patterns plays vital role in different fields such as marketing, medical, fraud detection and etc. A new method is proposed which finds all frequent, infrequent and non-present item sets. This method contains two steps. In first step the frequency table is constructed based on the given transactional data base. In the second step the algorithm forwarded for finding the frequent, infrequent and non-present item sets. This method is based on AND logic and it works efficiently in finding the patterns when compared to the traditional methods.

Data mining, Association rule mining, frequent, infrequent, non-present item sets.

[1]. K. Mehmed. Data Mining: Concepts, Models, Methods, and Algorithms. John Wiley & Sons., 2003.
[2]. J. Han and M. Kamber. Data Mining: Concpets and Techniques. Academic Press, 2nd edition edition, 2006.
[3]. J. Vreeken. Making Pattern Mining Useful. PhD thesis, the Dutch Research School for Information and Knowledge Systems, Netherlands, 2009.
[4]. F. Hadzic, H. Tan, and T.S. Dillon. Mining of Data with Complex Structures, volume 333. Springer, 2010.
[5]. J. Han, H. Cheng, D. Xin, and X. Yan. Frequent pattern mining: Current status and future direction. Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 15:55–86, 2007.

Architecture is a man-made artefact that contains rich communicative messages. As in any other languages, the architectural language contained within the communicative messages includes semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic components. The semantic one reveals signs and meanings; the syntactic one shows order and consistency; while the pragmatic one is the user's interpretation of process and details. All of these could only be understood if people occupying a space are willing to open their hearts to appreciate them. In the context of a place of worship, understanding the language of space can help users develop their heart's readiness to conduct religious activities as soon as they enter the building grounds. This research aims to decipher the language of space at the Salman Mosque based on the user's spatial experience. The Salman Mosque was chosen as the object of study because it appears in the face of modern architecture which challenges people's ideas about how mosque architecture can be designed. Since the architecture does not fit the traditional expectations, the Salman Mosque is accused of having lost many its essential values. The qualitative research method was used in this study. It included asking users to appreciate the mosque using all of their senses (the multi-sensory approach), converting their experience into a structured text and analyzing it. The results showed that even with its modern appearance, the Salman Mosque's communicative messages can be interpreted by users.

language of space; multi-sensory approach; modern architecture.

[1]. Pallasmaa, Juhani. The Geometry of Feeling: A Look at the Phenomenology of Architecture. In Nesbitt,
Kate. (Ed.). Theorizing a New Agenda for Architecture: An Anthology of Architectural Theory 1965— 1995. NY: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, pp. 450-453.
[2]. Rasmussen, Steen Eiler. Experiencing Architecture, 2nd ed., the MIT Press, Cambridge. 1964. p 33. [3]. Pallasmaa, Juhani. The Eyes of the Skin, Architecture and the Senses. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,
England, 2005, Pp 40-46.
[4]. Baird, George. La Dimension Amoureuse' in Architecture. In Hays, Michael K. (Ed.). Architecture Theory Since 1968. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1969. p.54
[5]. Bachelard, Gaston. The Poetics of Space. Beacon Press, Boston, 1969. pp. 25-26.

Our aim is to design a bio-waste to ethanol converter which is a portable ethanol-micro refinery system that is suitable for the present scenario that is cost effective, safe and easy to operate. The intension is to develop a consumer friendly product that can produce an environment friendly alternative fuel form cellulosic waste thus serve the purpose of recycling as well. The way ethanol converter works is simple. The user gives the waste (cellulosic waste) to the fermentation tank. The sensors determine the amount of water needed for fermentation and temperature is maintained by heating and cooling devices. After the fermentation is done, distillation is followed to separate alcohol and then this alcohol is sent to the storage units.

portable ethanol-micro refinery system, cost effective, consumer friendly, environment friendly, cellulosic waste, alcohol (ethyl alcohol)

[1]. ANUJ KUMAR CHANDEL., CHAN, ES., RAVINDER RUDRAVARAM., LAKSHMI NARASU, M., VENKATESWAR RAO, L., POKAGU RAVINDRA. (2007A). ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: AN APPRAISAL. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEW

[2]. Brooks, A.A. (2008). Ethanol production potential of local yeast strains isolated from ripe banana peels. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7 (20) 3749-3752.

[3]. Wyman, C. (1999). Opportunities and Technological Challenges of Bioethanol. Presentation to the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, Beckman Center, Irvine, California

[4]. Lynd, L.R., and Wang, M.Q. (2004). A product-nonspecific framework for evaluating the potential of biomass-based products to displace fossil fuels. J. Ind. Ecol. 7, 17-32.

[5]. Herrera, S. (2004). Industrial Biotechnology-a chance at redemption. Nature Biotechnology. 22: 671- 675.

Microsoft HoloLens is a smart-glasses headset which is actually a wireless Windows 10 computer. It has state of the art sensors, a high-tech stereoscopic 3D optical head-set display, and authentic sound to allow augmented reality applications and Holograms a natural UI that the user will interact using eye gaze, voice input, and hand gestures.

Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Hologram, Smart-glass.

[1]. https://www.microsoft.com/microsoft-hololens/en-us/experience
[2]. http://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-hololens-explained-how-it-works-and-why-its-different/
[3]. https://hololens.wordpress.com/

[4]. http://www.pcworld.com/article/2917512/microsoft-designed-a-special-processor-to-handle-hololensdata.
html
[5]. http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a15324/how-microsofts-hololens-works/

In present scenario of VLSI based system designing, efficient area, low power and high speed are the main parameter of design research. The designs must have the desired functionality and also parametric optimized performance. System portability, faster time to market and cost efficiency are the non-technical parameters that effect the life-time performance of the designed system. The low power consumption of VLSI circuit has emerged as the most important design parameter as it directly or indirectly affects the performance of all other technical and non-technical system design parameters. In the present work a Carry-Select-Adder (CSA or CSLA) design with low power combinational design is presented. The design is synthesized and simulated on Field Programmable Gate Array based VLSI hardware for its functional and power performance. The present study presents a comparative speed and power analysis of the proposed work with some existing work. The FPGA based low power analysis is concluded on the basis of the proposed work. The present work is performed using Xilinx Tool.

Carry Select Adder, Half Sum Generator, Half Carry Generator, Carry Select Unit, Dynamic Power.

[1]. Dr. A. Muthu Kumaravel1, "Mining User Profile Using Clustering From Search Engine Logs", Vol. 2, Issue 6, June 2014
[2]. Ian H. Witten , "Text mining",
[3]. Pushpanjali M. Chouragade , Prashant N. Chatur "Visual Re-rank: An Approach for Image Retrieval from Large-scale Image Database", Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2013.

[4]. Ji Donghong, Yang Lingpeng, Nie Yu, Tang L,i ,"ONLINE DISCOVERY OF RELEVANT TERMS FROM INTERNET"
[5]. Utku Irmak, Vadim von Brzeski, Reiner Kraft, Contextual Ranking of Keywords Using Click Data ,2009.