In the present study an unsteady magneto-hydrodynamic flow through porous medium between two infinite parallel plates in a rotating system has been considered. The expressions for the velocity and stress fields have been obtained by solving the field equations with the help of Laplace transform technique. The effects of rotational, permeability and magnetic field parameters on the velocity components have been discussed with the help of figures. Further, the effects of magnetic field parameter on the stress fields due to the velocity components have been illustrated graphically.

[1]. K.S. Rao, "An introduction to partial differential equations", Prentice-Hall of India, 2002.
[2]. M. Jana, S.L. Maji and R.N. Jana, "Unsteady flow of viscous fluid through a porous medium bounded by a porous plate in a rotating system", Journal of Porous Media, Vol.13, No.7, 645-653, 2010.
[3]. G.S. Seth and J.K. Singh, "Steady hydrodynamic Couette flow in a rotating system with nonconducting walls", International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol.3, No. 2, 146- 156, 2011.
[4]. S. Das, S.L. Maji, M. Guria and R.N. Jana, "Unsteady MHD Couette flow in a rotating system", Mathematical and computer modelling, Vol. 50, No.(7-8), 1211-1217, 2009.
[5]. S. Das, H.K. Mandal and R.N. Jana, "Hall effects on unsteady rotating MHD flow through porous channel with variable pressure gradient", International Journal of Computer Application, Vol. 83, No.1, 7-18, 2013.

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state technique to join metals. FSW has become the main technique in many sectors of industry especially in Marine Industry. As on date, this welding technique is the most popular method for a series of aluminum alloys which are difficult to weld by conventional welding methods. Aluminum is a strong and light weight material which has been used in ships. This paper presents a review of friction stir welding of 5083 aluminum alloys which involve the microstructural and mechanical characterizations of this alloy's welds. The main aim of this paper is to present the gaps identified from the published literature of FSW of 5083 aluminum alloys by focusing on microstructural and mechanical properties and also discussed the effect of welding parameters as welding speed and rotational speed on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the 5083 friction stir welds.

friction stir welding, 5083 aluminum alloy, microstructure, mechanical properties, dissimilar, similar.

Microsoft HoloLens is a smart-glasses headset which is actually a wireless Windows 10 computer. It has state of the art sensors, a high-tech stereoscopic 3D optical head-set display, and authentic sound to allow augmented reality applications and Holograms a natural UI that the user will interact using eye gaze, voice input, and hand gestures.

Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Hologram, Smart-glass.

[1]. https://www.microsoft.com/microsoft-hololens/en-us/experience
[2]. http://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-hololens-explained-how-it-works-and-why-its-different/
[3]. https://hololens.wordpress.com/
[4]. http://www.pcworld.com/article/2917512/microsoft-designed-a-special-processor-to-handle-hololensdata.
html
[5]. http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a15324/how-microsofts-hololens-works/

The lowest possible recommended temperature of the chilling water as refrigerant in industrial LiBr vapor absorption systems can go down to about 44°F or 6.67°C. In cold countries, especially in Europe and North America this poses a major problem in the usage of vapor absorption system chillers in the colder part (major part) of the year, as water freezes at 0°C and the temperatures are way below that mark. The solution to this problem is the use of brines or antifreeze agents instead of water. Ethylene and propylene glycols are found to be most suitable for this purpose, especially ethylene glycol, due to several favorable thermo-physical properties. However, the usage of brines leads to change in the heat transfer characteristics of the fluid in the heat exchanger. Also, fouling takes place due to the usage of brines. This leads to lowering of the heat transfer coefficient, also known as deration of the heat transfer coefficient. The authors have attempted to study the deration that occurs with the use of various concentrations of ethylene glycol and suggest optimum concentration of ethylene glycol for general industrial purposes..

glycol, deration, heat transfer coefficient, chiller

[1]. Sinnott R.K., Chemical engineering design: Volume 6, 4th edition, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann,(2005) [2]. Kuppan T., Heat exchanger design handbook, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., (2000)

[3]. Shah R.K and Sekulic´ D.P, Fundamentals of heat exchanger design, John Wiley & Sons Inc., (2003) B

[4]. Kakac S. & Liu H., Heat exchangers: Selection, rating and thermal design. 2nd edition, CRC Press LLC,(2002)

Forapaintmanufacturingplantwithvarietyofwaterbasepaintproductsitisdifficulttosetstandardsofspecificpowerconsu mption(SPC)foreachprocess.InthispaperatechniquetoquantifytheSPCofmaterialchargingprocessforwaterbasepaintwiththehelp ofsimpletoolsofMicrosoftExcelisdiscussed.

paintmanufacturing,materialchargingprocess,specificpowerconsumption,MicrosoftExcel

[1]. R.Talbert,Painttechnologyhandbook.CRCPress,2007.
[2].K.A˚ stro¨mandT.Ha¨gglund,"Revisitingtheziegler–nicholsstepresponsemethodforpidcontrol,"Journalofprocess
control, vol. 14, no. 6,pp.635–650,2004.
[3]. EnergyEfficiencyinelectricalutilities.BureauofEnergyEfficiency,MinistryofPower,GovernmentofIndia,2005.
[4].C.Shuklaetal.,"Energyconservationforapaintcompanyusingleanmanufacturingtechnique,"UniversalJournalofIndust rialandBusinessManagement,vol.1,no.3,pp.83–89,2013.
[5]. D.Mills,Pneumaticconveyingdesignguide.Butterworth-Heinemann,2003.

Energy crises in the Gaza Strip push interested and concerned parties to start investigating new energy alternatives for energy security. Energy security includes the conservation and reliability of energy supplies to satisfy demand at all times and at good prices, while also avoiding human health and environmental impact. In fact The Palestinian Electricity Authority has made strenuous efforts in order to relieve suffering of Gazans, including the planning to construct the gas pipeline from Israel to provide the power station with gas instead of distillate oil as well as increasing the capacity of the station to reach 550 MW. In light of the political context in the Gaza Strip and in relation to many conditions of energy and electricity supply problems, sustainable energy can play a key role in guaranteeing energy security of the Gaza Strip in the long-term. The present paper analyzed the current energy situation in the Gaza Strip, and proposed four scenarios to get out of this impasse. Economical and Environmental assessment has been established in order to find out the scenario which achieves higher revenues. The renewable energy plants were won in this competition. The study made a schedule for the full transmission of the electricity industry from traditional to renewable energy. It shows that the annual cost of distillate oil fuel for 110 MW power plant (the current situation) is 735,475,000 [ILS/year] and the environmental damage cost is 445,069,320 [ILs/year] in addition the Palestinian electricity authority pays Israeli electricity company the cost of 120 MW (that Israel provides the Strip) about 462,528,000 [ILS/year]. This money together (1,643.7232 million ILS) is enough to construct 150MW wind farm power plant, and year by year the situation will be better and through 4 years the crisis will be vanished and without any additional pressures on the Gazans, further more increasing the quality of the environment, reducing the amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere by 484,250 kg/day. To remove the doubt about the wind energy effective (and renewable in general), our neighbor Jordan has built a wind station with 117 MW capacity at a cost of 289.05 million USD (1,120.7278 million ILS). But unfortunately, the provision of a sustainable and renewable source of energy for the Gaza Strip has not been a priority for any of the donors or successive Palestinian governments. It remains the duty of the international communities and national agencies to defend the property of the Palestinian people, especially on the infrastructure level against the repeated attacks of the Israeli army against the Gaza Strip, otherwise, it is worthless any attempt to advance the Palestinian people.

Gaza Strip, electrical crisis, solar energy, wind energy, sustainable energy, economical assessment, environmental assessment.

[1]. http://www.israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.source.php?resourceID=000637
[2]. Palestinian News & Information Agency http://www.wafainfo.ps/index.aspx
[3]. Health conditions in the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem, and in the occupied
Syrian Golan, sixty-sixth world health assembly provisional agenda item 20, 16 May 2013, World
Health Organization. available on website: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/150156
[4]. http:// thefunambulist.net/2014/07/10/palestine-infrastructureal-and-militarized-cartography-of-gaza/
[5]. Heinsohn R. and Kabel R., Sources and control of air pollution, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1999.

This paper examines different linearization techniques which are used to linearize the power amplifier by emphasizing on weakness and strength of each technique. After complete analyze it has been concluded that Digital Pre Distortion (DPD) technique is the best linearization technique to linearize the power amplifier. DPD technique for linearizing a wideband radio frequency power amplifier has been studied in detail and different research issues in DPD technique are identified.

Power amplifier, Linearization, digital pre distortion, WCDMA, WiMAX, PAPR, IMD, FPGA etc.

[1]. Albert Cesari, Pere L. Gilabert, Eduard Bertran , Gabriel Montoro and Jean M. Dilhac, A FPGA Based Digital Predistorter for RF Power Amplifiers with Memory Effects. IEEE European Microwave Integrated Circuit Conference, 2007.pp 135-138.
[2]. Amandeep Singh Sappal, Dr. Manjeet Singh Patterh and Dr. Sanjay Sharma, Fast Complex Memory Polynomial Based Adaptive Digital Pre-Distorter. International Journal of Electronics, 2011 (Taylor and Francis). 98(7). pp 923-931.
[3]. Amandeep Singh Sappal, Manjeet Singh Patterh, Sanjay Sharma, A Novel Black Box Based Behavioral Model of Power Amplifier for WCDMA Applications.International Journal of Communications and Network, 2010. Vol 2. pp 162-165.
[4]. Andreoli, S., McClure, H., Banelli, P. and Cacopardi, Digital Linearizer for RF Amplifier. IEEEtransactions on broadcasting 1997, 43(1). pp 12-17
[5]. Bauman, R.M. (1983) Adaptive Feed-forward System.U.S.P.4, 389,618.

Medium carbon steel EN19 has wide range of applications in the manufacturing industries. It is used for preparing studs, high tensile bolts, riffle barrels and propeller shafts etc. The present work is to investigate the influence of machining parameters on Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness characteristics Ra and Rz. The experiments were conducted as per standard Taguchi‟s L9 orthogonal array. For multi objective optimization of the responses, Taguchi based grey relational grade method was adopted. From multi objective grey analysis, the optimal combination of process parameters was found at speed: 225 m/min, feed: 0.05 mm/rev, and depth of cut: 0.6 mm.The assumptions of ANOVA like Normal distribution, constant variance and independence of residuals are verified with the residual plots drawn for the responses using MINITAB-16 software. From ANOVA results, it is clear that speed has more significance in affecting the multi responses and followed by depth of cut and feed. The mathematical models were prepared for the individual responses by using regression analysis and a close relation between the predicted values from models and experimental values was observed.

EN19 steel, Taguchi, Regression Analysis, Grey Analysis, Material removal rate, Surface roughness, ANOVA.

[1]. Upinder Kumar Yadav., Deepak Narang., Pankaj Sharma Attri., "Experimental Investigation and optimization of machining parameters for surface roughness in CNC turning by Taguchi method"; IJERA; ISSN:2248-9622; Vol.2, Issue4, pp.2060-2065, 2012.
[2]. H.K.Dave et.al. "Effect of machining conditions on MRR and Surface Roughness during CNC Turning of different materials using TiN Coated Cutting Tools by Taguchi method", International Journal of IndustrialEngineeringComputations3,pp.925-930,2012.
[3]. Harish Kumar., mohd. Abbas., Dr. AasMohammad, Hasan Zakir Jafri.,"optimization of cutting parameters in CNC turning"; IJERA; ISSN:2248-9622; Vol.3, Issue3, pp.331-334, 2013.
[4]. M.Kaladhar et.al. "Determination of Optimal Process parameters during turning of AISI304 Austenitic Stainless Steel using Taguchi method and ANOVA", International Journal of Lean Thinking, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012.
[5]. Harish singh & Pradeep kumar, "optimizing feed force for turned parts through the Taguchi technique", Sadana vol.31, part 6, pp. 671-681, 2006.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of sensor nodes for measuring different phenomena from the field that they have deployed. The different kinds of data sensed by sensors are aggregated at the special node called the base station or sink node. Due to this, traffic in wireless sensor networks (WSN) exhibits a many-to-one pattern in which multiple source nodes send sensing data to a single sink node. Also, the nodes have limited bandwidth, processor and memory; packet loss is common when a great deal of traffic rushes to sink. In case of event-driven applications, it is significant to report the detected events in the area, resulting in sudden bursts of traffic due to occurrence of spatially-correlated or multiple events, leads to congestion.
Congestion results packet losses and retransmissions. To support Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for sensor applications, having a reliable and fair transport protocol or variant of MCA is necessary. One of the main objectives of the design of transport layer for WSNs is congestion control. Till now, in literature, Congestion control techniques are based on detection of congestion and control, but they cannot completely eliminate or prevent the occurrence of congestion. To mitigate congestion, either the available resources have to be increased (resource control) or the source transmission rate should be restricted (traffic control). Significant work on congestion control in WSNs has focused on traffic control. The problem of congestion in sensor networks remains largely open yet.

Wireless Sensor Network; Congestion Control; Resource Control; Quality of Service.

[1]. A. Cerpa, j. Elson, d. Estrin, l. Girod, m. Hamilton, and j. Zhao, "habitat monitoring: application drive for wireless communications technology," proc. Acm sigcomm workshop data comm. In latin am. And the caribbean, apr. 2001.
[2]. E. Biagioni and k. Bridges, "the applications of remote sensor technology to assist the recovery of rare and endangered species," special issue on distributed sensor networks, April. 2003.
[3]. Schwiebert, s. Gupta, and j. Weinmann, "research challenges in wireless networks of biomedical sensors," mobile computing and networking, pp. 151-165, 2001.
[4]. H.t. Kung and d. Vlah, "efficient location tracking using sensor networks," proc. Ieee wireless comm. And networking conf.(wcnc), mar. 2003.
[5]. Chen and yang: congestion avoidance based on lightweight buffer management in sensor networks 945 fig. 16. Total source rate over time when the set of data sources is dynamic. Fig. 17. Packet drop over time when the set of data sources is dynamic. Fig. 18. Impact of failed overhearing.

Fuzzy set is very convenient method for representing some form of uncertainty. Basically, the most important application of the fuzzy set theory is its ability to represent mathematically a class of decision problems called multiple objective decisions. The problems related to this class often involve many goals and constraints. The main objective of the fuzzy decision methodology is to obtain an optimum decision in the sense that some set of goals is attained while observing a set of constraints simultaneously. The fuzzy set theory uses many membership functions which help to attain the desired results and it helps in decision making with more precision. In this paper we are going to study the membership functions used in the fuzzy set theory. These membership functions are explained thoroughly in this paper and later the difference between these memberships functions are shown according to the scenario used for detection of the forest fire. The effect of using different membership functions on the decision making is thus shown in this paper. The most efficient member function can thus be used for making a system that can help us in decision making more efficiently.

Fuzzy Sets, Membership Functions, Decision Making, Fire Detection.

[1]. Bellman, R.E. and L.A.Zadeh.1970."Decision Making in a Fuzzy Environment," Management Science, 17,141-164.
[2]. Heshmaty, B. and Kandel, A. (March 1985)."Fuzzy linear regressions and its applications to forecasting in uncertain environments,"F uzzy Sets and Systems, 15:2,159-191.
[3]. Yager, R.R. 1977."Multiple Objective Decision-Making Using Fuzzy Sets," Intl. J. Man-Machine Studies, 9, 375-382.
[4]. Zimmermann, H.J., 1985. Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications, Kluwer Nijhoff Publishing, Boston, MA.
[5]. Cheng, Wen-Ying, Ender Su and Sheng-Jung Li. "A Financial Distress Pre-warning Study by Fuzzy
Regression Model of TSE-Listed Companies." Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance 2, no. 2 (2006): 75–93.

Civilization is always developed around the coastal regions, these are covered with thick soft marine clay deposits. This clay has less strength and possesses high deformation, low permeability and limited bearing capacity. Due to the poor engineering characteristics of these clays, they pose several foundation problems to various coastal structures. As this Marine clay is widely occupied in costal corridor, it is inevitable to constructing pavements and foundations on them due to the population density. This clay, because of their specific Physico-chemical make-up, subjected to volume changes with the changes in their ambient environment. By reinforcing the industrial waste to this soil the constructional properties can substantially enhance. Therefore, the present experimental work aims to investigate the efficacy of Ferric Chloride in stabilizing the marine clay thereby improving its strength and swell characteristics. Total cost of construction is reduced and also providing solution for environmental problem. From the experimental results it was observed that 1.0% FeCl3 treatment individually along with the combination of 20% Quarry Dust with marine clay had effectively improved the CBR value. It was noticed that, the load carrying capacity of the treated marine clay sub grade model flexible pavement has been increased by 254% at OMC and 225% at FSC. The total deformation of the treated marine clay sub grade model flexible pavement has been decreased by 40% at OMC and 38% at FSC when compared with the untreated marine clay sub grade model flexible pavement.

[1]. Hyde AL, Yasuhara K, Hirao K (1993), Stability Criteria for Marine Clay under Cyclic load, J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE 119(11):1771-1789.
[2]. Thiam-Soon Tan, Teik-Lim Goh and Kwet-Yew Yong (2002), Properties of Singapore Marine Clays Improved by Cement Mixing, Geotechnical Testing Journal, Dec. 2002, Vol. 25, No.4.
[3]. Balasubramaniam, A.S., Bergado, D.T., Buensuceso, B.R. and Yang, W.C.,(1989), Strength and deformation characteristics of Ferric Chloride treated soft clays, Geotechnical Engineering (AIT), 20, 1989, pp. 49-65.
[4]. Abduljauwad, S.N (1991), Characteristics and chemical treatment of soft clay in Al- Qatif, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Engineering Geology, Vol.31 Issue, 2, 1991.
[5]. Akshaya Kumar Sabat (2012)" A Study on Some Geotechnical Properties of Ferric Chloride Stabilised Expansive Soil –Quarry Dust Mixes".International Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Development ISSN 2249-6149 Issue 2, Vol.1( January-2012).

The paper is given a philosophical touch. Starts with a "Dedication" followed by the historical aspects of convection. A brief review of Mantle Convection and Plate Tectonics facilitates further review of literature. Calculation of Slab velocity and a brief account of effective percentage trench for various plates have been worked out. Seduction boundary movements, Stress and Strain along a fault plane causing earthquakes have been dealt with. Mantle Convection leading to instability of convection has been mathematically analyzed with the help of Navier-Stoke‟s equation of Plasma Physics arriving at various Rayleigh numbers including the Rayleigh number for the Earth‟s mantle. The effect of Earth‟s rotation on Mantle Convection deciding the direction of platemotion, is also considered. The over-all treatment in the paper is such that the reader will feel the matter presented to be more of a specialized subject topic in Geophysics.

[1]. Bercovici David, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, USA – "A Primer on The Relation between Mantle Dynamics and Plate Tectonics". P. 1-33
[2]. Bercovici David, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, Kline Geology Laboratory, Yale Univ. USA – "The generation of plate tectonics from mantle convection",p.107-121, 3rdOct. 2002
[3]. Bercovici David, "Mantle Convection Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics", p.1-27, 26th Dec.2010
[4] Bolt Bruce A, Univ. of California, Berkeley; Earthquakes, Pub. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, Ed. 1988. Ch.4, p.55 :
[5] Carlo Doglioni and Roberto Sabadini, "Mantle Dynamics and Plate Kinematics", Unpaged, 2004

A literature review carried out by the authors reveals that a CFD analysis has not been the focus of attention to evaluate the efficacy of obstacles for improving the thermal performance of solar air heaters. A three dimensional CFD analysis is carried out in the present work to augment the performance of solar air heater. A circular obstacle in the flow path is used in this study to improve the flow turbulence and thereby enhance the convective heat transfer to air. The numerical results are validated with experimental results for model with and without obstacle. The numerical results show that obstacles are useful in enhancing the heat transfer rates. However with introduction of the obstacle there is increase in the pressure drop as compared to plane model. This increase in pressure drop has been reduced by introduction of fillet in flow path.

[1]. Gao, W., Lin, W., and Lu, E., 2000, Numerical study on natural convection inside the channel between the flat plate cover and sine-wave absorber of a cross-corrugated solar air heater. Energy Conversion and Management, 41, 145-151.
[2]. Gao, W., Lin, W., Liu, T. and Xia, C., 2007, Analytical and experimental studies on the thermal performance of cross-corrugated and flat-plate solar air heaters. Applied Energy, 84, 425-441.
[3]. Villar, N.M., et al., 2009, Numerical 3D simulations on flat plate collectors.Solar Energy,83, 1086- 1092.
[4]. Wang, C., Guan, Z., Zhao, X., and Wang, D., 2006, Numerical Simulation Study on Transpired Solar Air Collector, Renewable Energy Resources and a Greener Future, 8, 3-4.

[5]. Gertzos, K.P. &Caouris, Y.G., 2007, Experimental and computational study of the developed flow field in a flat plate integrated collector storage (ICS) solar device with recirculation. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 31, 1133-1145.

In this study, the realization of tones in Mandarin sentences is analyzed, and it is found that there is downstep for high (H) tones. They always decline to a lower level compared to the previous ones. The lowering degree of the initial downstep is always larger than the subsequent ones, but there are no significant differences in the lowering degrees for the later HL sequences. The speakers do not only raise the first high tone when there are more tones, but also lower the final high tone. Regarding pitch range, compared with utterance with two HL sequences, the total pitch ranges of longer sentences are great. The pitch range of the final HL sequence is the largest, and the range of the first HL sequence is the second largest, with the range near the middle of the sentence to be the least.

[1]. Y. O. Laniran and G. N. Clements, "Downstep and high raising: interacting factors in Yoruba tone produntion," Journal of Phonetics, 2003, (31), pp. 203–250.
[2]. D. R. Ladd, "Intonational phonology," Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1996.
[3]. J. M. Stewart, "The typology of the Twi tone system," Bulletin of the Institute of African Studies, Vol.1, Legon, Ghana, 1965.
[4]. P. Schachter, "Some comments on J. M. Stewart‟s The typology of the Twi tone system," Bulletin of the Institute of African Studies, Vol.1, Legon, Ghana, 1965.
[5]. Y. Xu, "Contextual tonal variations in Mandarin," Journal of Phonetics, 1997, (25), pp. 61–83.

Gas turbines are becoming increasingly used as power generators for a wide variety of applications around the world. With such wide range of applications, it is necessary to improve the designs on continual basis for increased efficiency, reliability, availability and cost reduction. Gas turbine casings are generally of thin wall design to reduce thermal inertia to enable quick start up and shut downs. The main objective of the present investigation is to analyze the temperature distribution, stresses developed throughout the turbine casing using finite element method concept. In this paper, steady state thermal and structural analysis on a gas turbine casing of 26.82 MW capacity is carried out using ANSYS software with increased working gas temperatures and reduced outside casing thickness than the existing operating conditions. The outcome of the present work can be used for changing the operating conditions of the gas turbine to higher parameters or for resolving any machining deviations

[1]. Thirupathi R. Chandrupatla & Ashok D.Belegundu, Finite Elements in Engineering, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 2001.
[2]. S. Moaveni, Finite Element Analysis: Theory and Application with ANSYS, Pearson Education, 2008.

[3]. C Rajesh Babu, "Thermal Stress Analysis of a Gas Turbine Casing Using FEA", International
Organisation of Scientific Research, Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, vol. 11, Issue 4, pp.
32-37, Aug. 2014.
[4]. Manual of Gas Turbine General Design Data, Installation and Performance Rating, General Electric Gas Turbine Division.
[5]. ANSYS 5.4 User Manual, ANSYS Inc., 2006.

This computer software we used as a multipurpose reminder system. It has not only an ability to set a schedule for an application but it has also a mailing interface. Which used to set a schedule to send a mail automatically and also it gives reminder by opening an application on which user wants to work on. Also it has an ability to record voice and generate clip which is used to remind. Once if you set a schedule means you set a time and work than it will automatically starts working on background. So it does not interrupt user's activity.

[1]. D. Rind1, R. Davis2 and S. Safran3, "Designing Studies of Computer-Based Alerts and Reminders,"MD Computing, No. 2, 1995, pp. 122-126.
[2]. R. Schank, Dynamic Memory: A Theory of Reminding and Learning in Computers and People,Univ. Cambridge Press, Cambridge, UK, 1982.
[3]. D. Barreau1 and B. Nardi2, "Finding and Reminding," SIGCHI Bull., July 1995, pp. 39-43.

The study generally aimed to ascertain the readiness to electronic governance of the Municipal Local Government Units in Biliran Province, Philippines. It utilized the descriptive survey research design involving 65 respondents. Mostof the respondents were computer literates whose nature of work was categorized as "clerical". They "moderatelyagree" with respect to effectiveness of e-governance to their jobs. On the other hand, their level of readiness to implementelectronicgovernance in their respective jobs was "moderately high".Municipal Local Government Units in Biliran may intensify efforts to undertake relevant, timely and high quality research and development programs that will generate technologies to meet the needs of the office.

[1]. Bhatnagar, S. (2004). E-Government: From Vision to Implementation: A Practical Guide with Case Studies. Sage: New Delhi, Thousand Oaks, London.
[2]. Eve, Barbara Cleon. "Office Automation and Human Issues". Cebu City, Philippines, 2000.
[3]. Grant, Jon, et. al. (1991).Digital Government: Principles and Best Practices. Idea Publishing Group.
[4]. Gronlund, A. (2005). What's in a Field? Exploring the E-Government Domain.Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Science.IEEE.
[5]. Kling, R. (2000). Learning from Social Informatics: Information and Communication Technologies in Human Contexts.Center for Social Informatics, Indiana University.

Rice is one of the major crops grown through the world. Once the paddy is separated from the rice grain, the kernel (hull) is removed from rest of the grain. This constitutes about, one third of the total mass of grains, commonly termed as "Rice Husk‟ or "Rice Hull‟. Rice husk is an agricultural residue abundantly available in rice producing countries. The annual rice husk produced in India amounts generally approximately 12 million tones. Rice husk is generally not recommended as cattle feed since its cellulose and other sugar contents are low. Furfural and rice bran oil are extracted from rice husk. Industries use rice husk as fuel in boilers and for power generation. Among the different types of biomass used for gasification, rice husk has a high ash varying from 18-20%. Silica is the major constituent of rice husk ash varying from 85-95%. With such a large ash content silica content in the rice husk it becomes economical to extract silica from the ash, which has wide market and also takes care of the ash disposal.
In this project an attempt is made to introduce a simple process to manufacture precipitated silica from this waste rice husk. It solves the disposal problem of husk as well as valuable product is manufactured from it. Experimental data shows better performance as well as easy industrial implementation of the process.

[1]. Davinder Mittal, Silica from Ash- A valuable Product from waste material, Resonance – July 1997.
[2]. H. S. Mukunda, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering HSc and execution of Advanced Bioresidue Energy Technologies Society (ABETS) ,Silica from Rice husk, Bangluru (Feb.2003)
[3]. Precipitated Silica from Rice Husk Ash IPSIT, Indian Institute of Science Precipitated Silica Technology.
[4]. Tejinder Singh : The Tribun,Industrial Uses of Rice Husk, Chandigarh (Nov. 2000)
[5]. Kirk- Othmer, Encyclopedia of chemical Technology, vol. 20, 3rd Edition, A wiley Inter Science Publication, Canada (1982).