In performing fast arithmetic functions, Carry select adder (CSLA) is one of used in many data processing processors to perform fast arithmetic functions. Adders are the basic building blocks in digital integrated circuit based designs. Ripple carry adders are slowest adders as every full adder must wait till the carry is generated from previous full adder. CSLA (SQRT CSLA) architecture have been developed and compared with the regular SQRT CSLA architecture. The proposed design has reduced area, power and delay as compared with the regular SQRT CSLA. This work evaluates the performance of the proposed designs in terms of delay, area, power. The result analysis shows that the proposed CSLA structure is better than the regular SQRT CSLA.

[1] K. Rawwat, T. Darwish, and M. Bayoumi, "A low power carry select adder with reduces area", proc. Of Midwest symposium on circuits and systems,pp. 218-221,2001.
[2] W.Jeong and K.Roy, "robust high- performance low power adder",proc,of the Asia and South Pacific Design Automatin Conference,pp.503-506,2003
[3] D.C Chen, L. M. Guerra,E. H. Ng, M. Potkonjak, D.P. Schultz and J. M. Rabaey, "An integrated system for rapid prototyping of high performance algorithm specific data paths," in Proc. Application specific Array Processors, pp.134-148,Aug 1992.
[4] T.Y. Chang and M. J. Hsiao, " Carry Slecet adder using ripple carry adder," Electronics letters, vol.34, no.22, pp.2101-2103,oct.1998
[5] B. Ramkumar, H. M. Kittur,and P. M. Khannan, "ASIC implantation of modified faster Carry sav adder," Eur. J. Sci.Res.,Vol.42,no.1,pp 53-58,2010....

Deeming the befall changes in market needs, virtual production management will produce immense complementary appraisal for manufacturers. Customer needs for ultimate products are very unforeseeable due to rapid changing environmental conditions and technologies. A significant change in the environment of industrial firms is the propagation of internet technologies in production processes. As scheduling of shop floor operations is a topical and partial decision in enterprises, the distributed local scheduling problems should be unified at the enterprise level. Since decisions at the shop floor are very valuable, the subsequent generation of production management will be performed as a decentralized system. Collaborative agents for production planning and scheduling and web based manufacturing systems have been developed in the past decennary. Web based systems are developed for collaborating activities in different life cycle phases of product development such as design, process planning, production, distribution, service, marketing etc. These distributed product development lifecycle activities are associated into a globally integrated environment using internet as well as web technologies. In order to survive in a rival market, manufacturers should make their parts or products with lower costs and shorter delivery time as well as higher grade specification. Manufacturing Execution System provides real time information about the shop floor to management in order to take appropriate decisions.

Web Based Manufacturing, Collaboration, Product Life Cycle, Collaborative Agents, Scheduling, Manufacturing Execution System.

[1] W. Shen, D.H. Norrie, J.P. Barthes, Multi-Agent Systems for Concurrent Intelligent Design and Manufacturing, Taylor and Francis, London, UK, 2001.
[2] Habel J & Slodky B, The method of automated tool and cutting parameters selection for CAPP utilization, Poland ,Springer, 2000.
[3] C4ISR Architectures Working Group report. Levels of Information Systems Interoperability (LISI), DoD, Washington, DC, February 1998.
[4] Roque M., Vallespir B., Doumeingts G. Interoperability in enterprise modelling: Translation, elementary constructs meta-modelling and UML development. In: Special issue on Enterprise Integration and Interoperability in Manufacturing Systems, A. Molina and H. Panetto (Eds). Computers In Industry, ,Elsevier, May. 2008, 59/5, ISSN: 0166-3615
[5] Barkmeyer, E. A., and Lubell, J., 2000, ‗‗XML Representation of EXPRESS Models and Data,'' Proceedings of XML Technologies and Software Engineering workshop, Toronto. Available on-line at http://www.mel.nist.gov/ msidlibrary/doc/xse2001.pdf....

Increasing area overhead is a major design concern in low-power sub-threshold SRAM designs, due to stability considerations. The extensive growth of battery operated devices has made low-power design important in recent years. As electronics are being integrated into portable devices, the demand grows for increased functionality, with reduced size and long battery life. This implies a need to balance ultra-low power with area-efficient design. An obvious way to minimize energy per operation is to decrease VDD. This decreases active power, as well as leakage power, which is affected by DIB. If VDD is decreased too sharply, however, increased delay time causes the power-delay product (PDP) to rise, can be kept minimum if operated in Sub-threshold region. In this paper the advantages of the sub-threshold inverter compared to the conventional strong inversion inverter with 90 nm technology in Cadence is presented. A one-Bit 6T SRAM, sense amplifier, and precharge circuit is designed using HSPICE 45nm technology.

Sub-threshold region, Power-Delay Product, DIBL, Temperature, SRAM.

[1] M.E. Sinangil, N. Verma, and A.P. Chandrakasan, ''A Reconfigurable 8T Ultra-Dynamic Voltage Scalable (U-DVS) SRAM in 65 nm CMOS,'' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 11, 2009, pp. 3163-3173.

[2] K. Takeda et al., ''A Read-Static-Noise-Margin-Free SRAM Cell for Low-VDD and High-Speed Applications,'' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 1, 2006, pp. 113-121.

[3] B.H. Calhoun and A.P. Chandrakasan, ''A 256-kb 65-nm Sub-threshold SRAM Design for Ultra-Low-Voltage Operation,'' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 3, 2007, pp. 680-688

[4] I.J. Chang et al., ''A 32 kb 10T Sub-threshold SRAM Array with Bit-Interleaving and Differential Read Scheme in 90 nm CMOS,'' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 2, 2009, pp. 650-658.

[5] H. Pilo et al., ''An SRAM Design in 65-nm Technology Node Featuring Read and Write-Assist Circuits to Expand Operating Voltage,'' IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 4, 2007, pp. 813-819.....

The growth of internet environment has also achieved to increase in end user suspicious activities. Every user gets connected to the network environment which growths unauthorized activities in the system. For protecting data from unauthorized activities or detecting intrusions, there is a necessity to implement security mechanism for identifying unauthorized probable sign of events. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used for finding the above activities. Intrusion detection is the process of intelligently monitoring the system activities for identifying the conceivable signs of attack. So the primary aim of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is to protect the availability, confidentiality and integrity of network information systems. In this research classifier has been applied using Naïve Bayes, Bagging, Boosting, Stacking, and J48 on five attack categories as found in the NSL-KDD dataset intrusion detection dataset for novelty attacks as well as for Original dataset and prepossessed dataset. It compares the performance of different classification algorithms which may be categorized into five broad attacks namely Normal, Probe, DoS, U2R, and R2L.

[1] Aruna Jamdagni, Zhiyuan Tan, Xiangjian He, Priyadarsi Nanda, Ren Ping Liu, RePIDS: A multi-tier Real-time Payload-based Intrusion Detection System Computer Networks pp. 01–14, 2012
[2] Ahmed Patel, MonaTaghavi, KavehBakhtiyari, Joaquim, Celestino Ju, nior, An intrusion detection and prevention system in cloud computing: A systematic review, Journal of Network and Computer Applications pp. 25–41, 2013
[3] A.N. Toosi, M. Kahani, A new approach to intrusion detection based on an evolutionary soft computing model using neuro-fuzzy classifiers, Computer Communications pp. 2201–2212, 2007.
[4] A. Tajbakhsh, M. Rahmati, A. Mirzaei, Intrusion detection using fuzzy association rules, Applied Soft Computing pp. 462–469, 2009.
[5] Abdoul Karim Ganame RB, Bourgeoisa Julien, Spiesa F. A global security architecture for intrusion detection on computer networks. Computers & Security pp. 30–47, 2008....

Roller conveyors are conventionally used to convey/transport cartons, FMCG goods. The conventional roller conveyor was either toothed belt driven or PU cord driven. The roller and the conventional belt conveyors have a speed limiting value of 45 metres/minute. In the current day industrial scenario, looking at the increasing demands of the end customer, the speed limit of 45 metres/minute had to be overcome and increased to a higher level. For this purpose a narrow belt driven live roller conveyor has been designed to deliver goods at a speed of 90-110 metres per minute. In this drive mechanism, a narrow belt is running continuously below the rollers, tangentially driving them. A special 3 layered belt with acrylonitrile- butadiene-rubber as the rough surface on both sides of the belt and polyester (PET) fabric as the traction layer material is used. Special crowned nylon material plastic pulleys have been injection moulded for self-tracking and to guide the belt throughout the 5 metre long conveyor. Several experiments like: load test, slippage test, pull test, current overloading test, temperature test, lower speeds test have been performed to study the behaviour of the belt under various conditions. On the basis of the experimental results, further modifications have been done in the conveyor design. The final results show that this conveyor can convey 35 kgs of unit load per metre at a speed of 90-110 metres per minute within a permissible slippage range of 1-1.5 %. The higher the load, the higher the slippage is and lesser is the belt life. The system was also kept under simulation run for continuous 6 months with a load of 60 kgs per metre at a speed of 85 metres per minute to study the behaviour of the belt life under worse conditions. It was noticed that alignment and tensioning of the belt are 2 important criteria on which the belt life is mainly dependent upon.

Narrow belt conveyor; Belt driven live roller conveyor; Conventional belt conveyor; fastest roller conveyor; Narrow belt.

[1] Thanh V. Nguyen, Dennis J, Ada.- "Belt driven roller conveyor", US patent 6390286, May. 21, 2002.
[2] Charles Jerome Glaser, Donald L. Theobald, James R. Glaser. "ENDLESS BELT CONVEYOR SYSTEM", US patent 3878937, Apr. 22, 1975.
[3] Edwin T. lorig, Pittsburg, Pa.-"Belt driven roller conveyor", US patent 2822077, Nov. 8, 1954.
[4] Harry L. Lutes, Centerville and Robert J smith. "Belt driven live roller conveyor", US patent 3275124, Sept. 27, 1966.
[5] Thomas C. Yu- "Method of fabricating rollers for use in roller conveyor systems", US patent 4852230, Aug. 1, 1989...

Now a days as the industries are developing rapidly, man power reduces gradually in industries. In olden days almost all industries uses conventional machines for manufacturing processes. In conventional machining processes, the time consumption is very high, labour cost is high and which increases the manufacturing cost of the product. The accuracy is also not achieved as per the design requirements. To overcome all these difficulties, the industries are made automated through some devices such as electronic components, pneumatic device electrical equipments etc. For producing economically better quality products with high productivity, accuracy and quality, the conventional machine tools are being replaced gradually by the automated machine tool devices. Automation of the machines are made with help of Pneumatic device, Sensors, Mechatronics, and PLCs etc. Here the efforts are made to develop a electro pneumatic circuit for a shaping operations using a shaper machine. This makes the operations semi automatic producing shaping operations by a single point cutting tool. The three movements of the shaper are
a) The reciprocating movement of the ram.
b) The Crosswise movement of the tool lead across the cross rail.
c) The vertical up and down movement of the table.
The above movements are being automated using electropneumatic components such as pneumatic cylinders, direction control valves, flow control valves and other electrical and electronics devices. For automation of the shaper, an electropneumatic circuit is developed with the help of sensors, solenoids, electrical and electronic devices. The electro pneumatic circuit developed is simulated, executed and will be interfaced with PLCs, L10/L20 manufactured by BOSCH – REXROTH Germany. A prototype of the set up is also planned for better understanding and demonstration purpose.

Automation, Electropneumatic Devices, cutting tool, automated DCVs, Electrical and Electronic Devices.

[1]. Fluid power controls- Anthony Espisito
[2]. Pneumatic controls – Joji P
[3]. Pneumatic controls manual- FESTO
[4]. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Manuals- Bosch Rexroth
[5]. Low cost Automation using Electro Pneumatic system –an online case study in multi station part transfer, drilling and tapping machine...

CPU scheduling is the basis of multi-programmed operating systems. The main objective of scheduling algorithms is to reduce the response time, waiting time and to increase the throughput and CPU utilization. Round Robin assumes that all processes are equally important; each receives an equal portion (time slice) of the CPU. This will sometimes affect the performance of CPU. This paper considers the problem of fixed time slice. We propose a modified version of the Round Robin Algorithm that is based upon the variation in time slice to improve the performance of the system. We finally compare our new algorithm with the existing one in terms of waiting time.

CPU Scheduling Algorithm, Round Robin (RR), Time Slice, CPU utilization, waiting time, turnaround time, response time.

[1] Silbersschatz,A.,Peterson,J.L.,and Galvin,P.B. ",Operating System Concepts", Addison Wesley,7th Edition, 2006
[2] Andrew S. Tanenbaum, and Albert S. Woodfhull, "Operating Systems Design and Implementaion", Second Edition,2005
[3] L Kleinrock "Analysis of a time-shared processor Naval Research Logistics Quarterly" Vol. 11, No 1, pp. 59-73, March 1964
[4] Aburas,A.A.;Miho,V., "Fuzzy Logic based algorithm for Uniprocessor Scheduling", Computer and Communication Engineering, 2008. ICCCE 2008., pp. 499-504, May 2008.
[5] Supriya Raheja, Reens Dhadich, Smita Rajpal, "An Optimum Time Quantum Using Linguistic Synthesis for Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm", International Journal on Soft Computing, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 57-66, Feb 2012....

This research paper will explore the possibility of using Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for recognizing unspoken speech (trying to speak but not converted into speech ). Significant brain activations may be observed in Functional Magnetic Response Imaging (fMRI Images) & EEG signals related to speaking effort. .Brain activity patterns generated from speaking effort may be interpreted into words. .When a person tries to speak we can identify the intensities of blood flow and oxidization in brain and in those regions electrodes of EEG may be placed. From those electrical signals speaker effort will be captured and matched with library patterns. This process leads to interpretation of brain signals to words. But however we come across a basic problem that temporally correlated artifacts may interfere the signals to be recognized.

EEG,fMRI, wavlet sub band coding , pattern recognition.

[1]. "Comparison of different wavelet features from EEG signals for classifying human emotions" 1 Murugappan M, 2Nagarajan R,3Yakoob S [2]. Brain activity Investigation by EEG processing: Wavelet analysis,kurtosis and Renyi‟s Entropy Artifact detection InsuoG , La Foresta F,Mammone N; Morabito F C
[3]. Lee, Devlin, Shakeshaft, & Stewart, 2007; Richardson, Thomas, Filippi, Harth, & Price, 2010
[4]. Noppeney, Phillips, & Price, 2004; Thompson-Schill, D‟Esposito, & Dan, 1999; Wagner, Pare-Blagoev, Clark, & Poldrack, 20011 Suppes P, Han B, and Lu Z. "Brain-wave recognition of sentences" Proc Natl Acad Sci 95: 15861-66, 1998. Printable free online thru Pubmed or at http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/26/15861
[5]. 1Suppes P, Han B, Epelboim J, and Lu Z. "Invariance of brain-wave representations of simple visual images and their names" Proc Natl Acad Sci 96: 14658-63, 1999. Printable free online thru Pubmed or at http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/96/25/14658...

The main purpose of this paper is to verify the SDRAM controller data transfer function when accessing data from multiple ports. This verification is done with memory testers using slot mechanism. Random data sent to SDRAM from two ports, one port at a time. The SDRAM controller reads data from two random generators through different memory testers. SDRAM controller writes data in to SDRAM, and then read data and send to concerned memory tester. Compare the read and write data in Memory testers. A Dual port module is added with SDRAM controller, to switch data accessing from port alternately.

Dualport, Slot timing, Switching operation and Comparing Read/write data.

[1] XSA board SDRAM controller, application note by D. Vandan Bout.
[2] Datasheet on Synchronous SDRAM on site: www.micron.com/dramds.
[3] Data sheet on Samsung CMOS 256 MB SDRAM specification.
[4] Using Block RAM in Spartan-3 FPGAs in Xilinx.
[5] Fundamentals of Digital Logic With Verilog Design-Stephen brown, Zvonko Vranesic-2002-Tata McGram-Hill Edition....

Multi-robot map merging is an essential task for cooperative robots navigation. Each robot is building its own local map with different reference. To merge these maps to global one, the transformation between the local maps must be computed so that we have one reference. Data association and inter robot observations are two alignment methods which are used to compute the transformation parameters. Data association uses correspondences between each pair of maps and inter robot observations uses robot-robot observations when robots observed each other. This paper evaluates these two alignment methods; and presents an improved method for map alignment. Robots will be able to choose the suitable one of them depending on the degree of overlap between partial maps to merge these maps accurately. Navigation path for a single robot is used for testing the implemented map.

SLAM algorithm, EKF, Particle filters, FastSLAM, Multi-robot SLAM, Map alignment techniques.

[1] N. KWAK," Improved Particle Filtering and Exploration Algorithms for a Mobile Robot," M. Eng. thesis, SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, FEBRUARY 2008.

[2] T.Bailey," Mobile Robot Localisation and Mapping in Extensive Outdoor Environments," M. Eng. thesis, University of Sydney, August 2002.
[3] J. Nieto, T. Bailey and E. Nebot," Recursive Scan-Matching SLAM," In ARC Centre of Excellence for Autonomous Systems (CAS) , The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia, July 2006.
[4] A. Howard, "Multi-robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping using Particle Filters," In NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, California 91109, U.S.A.
[5] M. Montemerlo,"FastSLAM: A Factored Solution to the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Problem with Unknown Data Association," M. Eng. thesis, Dieter Fox, University of Washington, July 2003....

In this project a modular simulink Implementation of an Induction generator is described in step-step approach.with the modular system each block solves one of the model equations.This particularly for highly wind generated areas and Induction generator with inverter system creates a hybrid system.This hybrid system inherently adapts to the changes in rotor speed or load on the generator while maintaining the constant voltage at load terminals.

Modeling of Wind Driven Induction Generator for Constant Power Applications Using Matlab.

[1] A. Karthikeyan C. Nagamani G. Saravana Ilango A. Sreenivasulu Hybrid, open-loop excitation system for a wind turbine-driven stand-alone induction generator "International conference on power Electronics Vol.No.99,April2011"
[2] S. Wade, M. W. Dunnigan, B. W. Williams, "Modeling and simulation of induction machine vector control with rotor resistance identification," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 12, no .3, May 1997, pp. 495 -506
[3] B. Ozpineci, B.K. Bose, "A soft-switched performance enhanced high frequency non-resonant link phase-controlled converter for ac motor drive," The 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON'98), Aachen/Germany, 1998, vol. 2, pp 733-749
[4] H. Le-Huy, "Modeling and simulation of electrical drives using Matlab/Simulink and Power System Blockset," The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON'01), Denver/Colorado, pp. 1603-1611.
[5] Y. Kang and J.D. Lavers, "Transient Analysis of Electric Power Systems: Formulation and Theoretical Basis,"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp.754-760, May 1996.....

A three-dimensional model to describe the thermal behavior of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) in fire is developed and implemented into commercial finite element package ANSYS. The model is employed to predict the temperature and the internal pressure in one-sided heating tests for glass-talc/phenolic composites and it is validated by comparing the predicted results with the measured data. The effect of porosity and permeability on the temperature and the internal pressure is examined. In addition, an experimental technique based on Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) is developed to manufacture PMCs with inserted hypodermic needle for internal pressure measurement. One-sided heating tests are conducted on the glass/vinyl ester composites to measure the pressure at different locations through thickness during the decomposition process. The model is explored to simulate the heating process. Both predicted and measured results indicate that the range of the internal pressure peak in the designed test is around 1.1-1.3 atmosphere pressure.

Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Finite element analysis; Resin transfer molding (RTM) & (A4) is the model number used in ansys.

[1]. Brown, J.R. and Z. Mathys, Reinforcement and Matrix Effects on the Combustion Properties of Glass Reinforced Polymer Composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 1997. 28(7): p. 675-681.
[2]. Sorathia, U., et al., Fire Safety of Marine Composites, in 45th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition. 2000, SAMPE, Covina, CA, United States: Long Beach, CA, USA. p. II/-.
[3]. Lyon, R.E., et al., Fire-Resistant Aluminosilicate Composites. Fire and Materials, 1997. 21(2): p. 67-73.
[4]. Sastri, S.B., J.P. Armistead, and T.M. Keller, Phthalonitrile-Carbon Fiber Composites. Polymer Composites, 1996. 17(6): p. 816-822.
[5]. Sorathia, U. and C. Beck, Fire Protection of Glass/Vinyl Ester Composites for Structural Applications, in 41st International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition. 1996, SAMPE, Covina, CA, United States: Anaheim, CA, USA. p. 687-697....