This paper studies a shock model for a repairable system with two-type failures by assuming that two kinds of shocks in a sequence of random shocks will make the system failed, one based on the inter-arrival time between two consecutive shocks less than a given positive value and the other based on the shock magnitude of single shock more than a given positive value. Further it is assumed that the system after repair is not 'as good as new', but the consecutive repair times of the system form a stochastic increasing α-series process. Under these assumptions, we determine an explicit expression for the average cost rate and an optimal placement policy N* based on the number of failure of the system is determined such that the long-run average cost per unit time is minimized. The explicit expression of long-run average cost per unit time is derived, and the corresponding optimal replacement policy can be determined analytically or numerically. Finally, a numerical example is given.

[1] M. Abdel-Hameed, 'Optimum replacement of systems subject to shocks', Journal of Applied
Probability, 1986, 23, pp. 107–114.
[2] R.E. Barlow and F. Proschan, Statistical Theory of Reliability and Life Testing, New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1975.

[3] Braun W.J, Li Wei and Zhao Y.Q, 'Properties of the geometric and related process', Naval Research Logistics, Vol.52, pp.607-617, 2005.
[4] J.D. Esary, A.W. Marshall and F. Proschan, 'Shock models and wear processes', Annals of Probability, 1973, 1, pp. 627–650.
[5] R.M. Feldman, 'Optimal replacement with semi-Markov shock models', Journal of Applied Probability, 1976, 13, pp. 108–117....

Total Quality Management (TQM) is an integrative management philosophy aimed at continuously improving the quality of products and processes to achieve customer satisfaction. The objective of this paper is to describe an empirical research on the development of a tool to measure the quality management in different organizations. It provides empirical evidence on top management's awareness and understanding of the quality management and its role towards business survival and competitiveness. Through a detailed analysis of literature, this paper identifies thirteen critical factors of quality management .Using a survey of twenty organizations, the critical factors are empirically tested and validated. SPSS is used for this purpose. This provides reliable and valid critical factors of total quality management and develops a measurement instrument for evaluating the TQM implementation process and to target improvement areas. In this paper, we compare the quality management practices between Indian manufacturing and service organizations based on the survey of 104 organizations by using non parametric test. The results presented here are focused on thirteen critical factors of quality management. The study shows significant differences between manufacturing and service organizations with manufacturing organizations performing better in quality management practices. Opportunities for improving quality management practices in Indian service organizations were identified.

Total quality management (TQM), Reliability,Validity,Internal consistency method, Factor analysis, Multitrait multimethod matrix (MTMM),Mann Whitney U Test,Non parametric test .

[1]. Ahire, S.L., Golhar, D.Y., Waller, M.A., 1996," Development and validation of TQM implementation constructs, Decision Sciences 27 (1) 23-56.
[2]. F.J. Conca et al. / European Journal of Operational Research 156 (2004) 683–697, Development of a measure to assess quality management in certified firms.
[3]. Anupam Das, Himangshu Paul and Fredric W. Swierczek, Developing and validating total quality management (TQM)constructs in the context of Thailand's manufacturing industry./www.emeraldinsight.com/1463-5771.htm
[4]. Luis E. Solis, S. Subba Rao, T.S. Raghu-Nathan, Cho-Young Chen and Shih-Chun Pan, Quality management practices and quality results: a comparison of manufacturing and service sectors in Taiwan, Managing Service Quality .Volume 8 · Number 1 · 1998 · pp. 46–54.
[5]. Calculating, Interpreting, and Reporting Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales. Joseph A. Gliem ,Rosemary R. Gliem...

The need of cooling arrangement for DC motor is very important to reduce the frame size of the motor. It required to select the effective cooling arrangement of the DC motor based on the application, surrounding of the motor installation and power consumption. DC motors are the workhouse variable speed drives in the continuous steel rolling mills for many years. DC motors in the steel rolling mills are usually separately ventilated. The quantity and quality of the cooling air can have major impact on the DC motor performance, operation, maintenance and life between overhauls. Energy consumption in the cooling system depend on which type of cooling used and what is the nature of load in that application. The air blower plays a vital role in optimizing the energy consumption. This article indicates that the how different type of cooling arrangement makes difference on the performance of DC motor, Maintenance and life of the DC motor and provide the information for selecting the better cooling system.

Cooling system, Energy efficiency, Surrounding , Load, Application.

[1]. Walter J. Konstanty, "DC Motor and Generator Troubleshooting and Maintenance" IEEE PPIC record, 1991
[2]. Walter J and Konstanty, " DC Motor Cooling Considerations" (PPIC) 2011, page(s): 159 – 162
[3]. Paul Buckley, H. Hawkeye King, Marta Wang and Blake Hannaford, (WHC) IEEE 2011, page(s): 143 – 148
[4]. M. Aniblal Valenzuela and Guillermo Ramirez, "Industrial Application" IEEE trans. Volume:47, Issue:2, 2011, page(s) 719 – 729
[5]. Ye Zhen-nan, Luo Wei-dong, Zhang Wen-ming and Feng Zhi-xiang, "Electric Information and Control Engineering" 2011, Page(s): 746 – 749...

In a fast changing business environment, companies that can innovate better and faster, and respond quickly to customer's requirements, will win. One of the most important industries of knowledge-based economy, by all means, is the software industry. In order to achieve business success and to innovate in the market, almost every large organization relies on software. The emergence of Web 2.0 and web-based services have changed radically the way of conducting business as well as the way of building applications. In a web service environment, software applications are becoming services that can be easily linked with other software components, and can provide faster and more productive communication between businesses and customers. The software development companies now need to release products and services more frequently, involve the user participation even as co-developers, and improve the product continuously by receiving real time feedback from the users. In such a dynamic and networked business environment, many companies are adopting Agile software development. There are many reasons for this: agile methods require continuous dialog between business and IT. Fast respond to change and meeting customer satisfactions through early and continuous delivery of the software is also the main goal of agile methodology. The purpose of this work is to find out what are the business benefits of agile methods, and how suitable or valuable is agile development methodology in developing dynamic applications in Web 2.0 service environment. This challenge will be approached as followed: define the Software Development Life Cycle and illustrate some development methodologies, define the Agile Manifesto to clarify the concept of agile software development and Scrum in particular, and discover and analyze the business benefits, agile change and risk management of agile development methods.

[1]. CHURCHVILLE, David (2008), Agile Thinking: Leading successful software projects and teams Publisher: Extreme Planner Software
[2]. COHEN, David. LINDVALL, Mikael. COSTA, Patricia (2004) An Introduction to Agile Methods. URL:http://www.cs.umd.edu/~mvz/cmsc435-s05/pdf/agile-paper.pdf [3]. TAKEUCHI, Hirotaka. NONAKA, Ikujiro (1986) The New New Product Development Game Publisher: Harvard Business Review [4]. SCHWABER, Ken (2004) Agile Project Management with Scrum Publisher: Microsoft Press [5]. STERLING, Chris (2008) Focus on Value: How to create value-driven user stories.
URL: http://www.scrumalliance.org/articles/89-focus-on-value...

This work investigated the variation of strength of OPC-RHA-SDA ternary blended cement composites with water-cement ratio. 180 concrete cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mmwere produced with OPC, RHA, and SDA using a constant mix ratio of 1:2:4, percentage OPC replacement with RHA-SDA of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, and six water/cement ratios of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9.180 sandcrete cubes and 180 soilcrete cubes were also produced. Three concrete, sandcrete, and soilcretecubes for each percentage OPC replacement with RHA-SDA and water/cement ratio were crushed to obtain their compressive strengths at 28 and 50 days of curing. The strength values of control composites generally reduced with increase in water-cement ratio, with maximum 28-day strength values of 24.00N/mm2 for concrete, 9.80N/mm2 for sandcrete, and 8.80N/mm2 for soilcrete obtained at water-cement ratio of about 0.4. On the other hand, the strength of OPC-RHA-SDA composites varied with both percentage replacement of OPC with RHA-SDA and water-cement ratio. Maximum 28-day strength values of 22.20N/mm2 for concrete, 8.90N/mm2 for sandcrete, and 7.90N/mm2 for soilcrete at 10% replacement of OPC with RHA-SDAwere obtained using water-cement ratio of about 0.6 while maximum strength values of 20.00N/mm2 for concrete, 8.10N/mm2 for sandcrete, and 7.20N/mm2 for soilcreteat 20% replacement of OPC with RHA-SDAwere obtained at water-cement ratio of about 0.7. Thus, water-cement ratios of 0.6 to 0.8 should be used in producing OPC-RHA-SDA ternary blended cement composites, depending on the mix ratio and percentage replacement of OPC with RHA-SDA.

Cement composites, concrete, pozzolan, rice husk ash, sandcrete, saw dust ash, soilcrete, ternary blended cement, water-cement ratio.

[1] Agbede, I. O., &Obam, S. O. (2008). Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash-Cement Sandcrete Blocks.Global Journal of Engineering Research, Vol. 7 (1), pp. 43-46.
[2] Bakar, B. H. A., Putrajaya, R. C., &Abdulaziz, H. (2010).Malaysian Saw dust ash – Improving the Durability and Corrosion Resistance of Concrete: Pre-review. Concrete Research Letters, 1 (1): 6-13, March 2010.
[3] Cisse, I. K., &Laquerbe, M. (2000).Mechanical characterization of sandcretes with rice husk ash additions: study applied to Senegal. Cement and Concrete Research, 30 (1): p.13– 18.
[4] Cordeiro, G. C., Filho, R. D. T., & Fairbairn, E. D. R. (2009). Use of ultrafine saw dust ash with high-carbon content as pozzolan in high performance concrete. Materials and Structures, 42: 983–992. DOI 10.1617/s11527-008-9437-z.
[5] Dwivedia, V. N., Singh, N. P., Das, S. S., & Singh, N. B. (2006). A new pozzolanic material for cement industry: Bamboo leaf ash. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 1 (3): 106-111....

Catamaran is a dual hull ship which has many advantages then the mono hull ship. Some of the advantages are excellent stability, Cruise in shallow water, large wide deck areas, large load carrying capacity, faster and Motion comfort etc. In this paper work, design of main or strength deck and Bulkhead structural member calculations for Catamaran ship used for transport for the crane (Mantis® 10010mx 46 ton tele-boom crawler crane) to its place of work. Ship's main deck or Strength deck hull structural scantlings or calculations play a very vital role in carrying the deck loads such as crane load safely against the external pressures which are acting on the deck. This can done by designing the suitable deck and hull plate thickness, and it's strengthening stiffening. The design of main deck involves determination of scantlings of deck plate, deck plate stiffeners, girders, pillars, Bulkhead and its stiffeners against the wheel load. Scantlings of deck and Bulkhead plates, stiffeners and girders to meet the local strength requirements are to be determined in accordance with the general principles of the rules. Scantlings of hull members should contribute the longitudinal strength of the ship and to be subjected to compressive stresses. The design calculations are carried out according to Indian Register of shipping (IRS) Rules and Regulations, Construction & Classification of steel ships July 2013. This design process gives the effective & efficient solutions to the new generation ships.

Catamaran, Strength or Main deck, Bulkhead, Hull design, Structural members, Design loads, IRS rules 2013.

[1]. Materials of Construction - IRS Rules (2013) Part 3, Chapter2, Section 2
[2]. Corrosion Additions - IRS Rules (2008) Part 3, Chapter3, Section 2.1
[3]. Principal Particulars of the Ship - IRS Rules (2008) Part 3, Chapter1, Section 2.1
[4]. Frame spacing- IRS Rules (2013), Part 3, Chapter 3, Section 1.3
[5]. Wheel Load on deck -IRS Rules (2013), Part 3, Chapter 9, Section 6...

Oily sludge can be divided into sludge from oil tank, scum mud and landing mud. The sludge composition is so complex because of containing hydrocarbons, benzene, phenol, anthracene and other substances with the odor and toxicity. It's generally made up of the oil in water, water in oil and suspended solids. The resource utilization and harmlessness of solid waste is the important content for the construction of saving society. In this paper, the research status and development of oil sludge agricultural treatment technology were reviewed including composting method, land-farming method and phytoremediation method. All these methods were compared and commented before the future research suggestion were presented.

Oily sludge, Compost method, Oil removal rate, Harmless.

[1]. D. M. Yu, Y. M. Luo and W. X. Liu, et al, Acta Pedologica Sinica, 6, 46(2009).
[2]. M. S. Fountoulakis, S. Terzakis, E. Georgaki, et al, Biodegradation, 13, 20(2009).
[3]. A. Koolivand, K. Naddafi, R. Nabizadeh, et al, J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 7, 5(2013).
[4]. G. L. Lu, S. J. Wang, G. L. Guo, et al, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 7, 05(2011).
[5]. K. W. Brown, K. C. Donnelly and L. E. Deuel Jr, Microb Eco, 11, 9(1983).

Secure messages and key management have been a focal point in cryptography. In the cryptographic systems, the notion of key is referred ti an numerical value which is used by an algorithm, making the information secure and visible only to individuals that possess the proper key to discover that information. In this article we will explain the concepts of private key and public key cryptography, and combined cryptography in terms of protecting information that is being sent through Internet. Further, we will analyze some secret and public algorithms, and combined algorithms with LABView. The speed measurement of these algorithms also represents a significant contribution of this paper.

Cryptography, Algorithms, LabView

[1]. Hardjono, Security In Wireless LANS And MANS, Artech House Publishers, 2005.
[2]. P. Ruangchaijatupon, and P. Krishnamurthy, "Encryption and power consumption in wireless LANsN," The Third IEEE Workshop on Wireless LANs, pp. 148-152, Newton, Massachusetts, Sep. 27-28, 2001
[3]. Evaluating The Performance of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms, International Journal of Network Security, Vol.10, No.3, PP.216–222, May 2010
[4]. Ajay Kakkar, Dr. M. L. Singh, Dr. P. K. Bansal, "Efficient Key Mechanisms in Multinode Network for Secured Data Transmission", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 5, 2010, pp.787-795.
[5]. Davis, R, "The data encryption standard in perspective", Communications Society Magazine, IEEE, 2003, pp. 5 – 9....

In petroleum refining and wastewater treatment process, petrochemical enterprises produce a large amount of oily sludge which mainly comes from the oil separator, flotation pool, biological activated sludge, the tank of crude oil dehydration, oil tank and slop tank etc. Therefore oily sludge can be divided into sludge from oil tank, scum mud and landing mud. The sludge composition is so complex because of containing hydrocarbons, benzene, phenol, anthracene and other substances with the odor and toxicity. It's generally made up of the oil in water, water in oil and suspended solids. And it has features of full emulsification, larger viscosity and solid hardly completely settling. With the continuous expansion of the scale of production equipment, these enterprises face also more environmental pressure when they make economic benefits. The resource utilization and harmlessness of solid waste is the important content for the construction of saving society. According to the new regulations and standards, it is difficult to meet the requirements for many enterprises in disposal of oily sludge, which results in increased enterprise pollution burden and highlighted environmental pollution problems. In this paper, the research status and development of oil sludge biological treatment technology were reviewed including bioreactor method, bioaugmentation method, biological land tillage method, biological flotation method and so on. All these methods were compared and commented before the future research suggestion were presented.

Biodegradation, Oily sludge, Lab experiment, Oil removal rate, Harmless, soil

[1] J. L. R. Gallego, J. Loredo, J. Llamas, et al, Biodegradation, 11, 12(2001).
[2] Z. Y. Wang, master thesis, Northeast Forestry University, (2011).
[3] H. R. Zhang, C. L. Jiang, Y. Zhao, et al, Chinese Journal of Ecology, 3, 20(2001).
[4] H. Chang, master thesis, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, (2012).
[5] N. Sood, S. Patle and B. Lal, Environ Sci Pollut Res, 8, 17(2010).

The present work was focused on investigation of effect of solution concentration, contact time and pH variation on ability of the eucalyptus, neem and mango leaves in removing chromium ions form aqueous solution. The dried leaves were washed with deionised water, air-dried and ground using ball mill then sieved. The leaf powder was added to 1M stock metal ion solution made from potassium dichromate. The concentrations, contact time and pH of each stock solution were varied. These mixtures were shaken at a constant rate of 250 rpm, filtered and analyzed by Avanta Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All the experiments were carried out in duplicated and the average value were used for further calculation. For Cr-VI, the maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 2 and 7, agitation rate of 150 rpm, particle size of 75 m, initial concentration of Cr ions of 5 mg/l and contact time 20 min.

Comparative Study of Removal of Chromium -IV Ion from Aqueous Solution Using Eucalyptus, Neem and Mango Leaves

[1] A. Saravanan, V. Brindha, R. Manimekalai, S. Krishnan, An evaluation of chromium and zinc biosorption by a sea weed (Sargassum sp.) under optimized conditions, Ind. J. Sci. Technol. 2 (2009) 53-56.
[2] N. Tazrouti, M. Amrani, Chromium (VI) adsorption onto activated sulfate lignin, Wat. Pract. Technol. 4 (2009) 1-13.
[3] P. K.Ghosh, Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal by acid modified waste activated carbons, J. Hazard. Mater. 171 (2009) 116-122.
[4] M. P. Candela, J. M.Martinez, R. T. Macia, Chromium removal with activated carbons, Wat. Res. 29 (1995) 2174-2180.
[5] IARC, Monographs on the evolution of the carcinogenetic risk of chemical to humans, Supplement 4, World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland (1982)....

The weight reduction of the drive shaft can have a certain role in the general weight reduction of the vehicle and is a highly desirable goal. Substituting composite structures for conventional metallic structures has many advantages because of higher specific stiffness and strength of composite materials. The advanced composite materials such as graphite, carbon, Kevlar and Glass with suitable resins are widely used because of their high specific strength and high specific modulus. Advanced composite materials seem ideally suited for long, power driver shaft applications. The automotive industry is exploiting composite material technology for structural components construction in order to obtain the reduction of the weight without decrease in vehicle quality and reliability. It is known that energy conservation is one of the most important objectives in vehicle design and reduction of weight is one of the most effective measures to obtain this result. Actually, there is almost a direct proportionality between the weight of a vehicle and its fuel consumption, particularly in city driving. This project is analysis done on drive shaft with different composite materials and concludes that the use of composite materials for drive shaft would induce less amount of stress which additionally reduces the weight of the vehicle. CATIA is the modeling package used to model the drive shaft arrangement and ANSYS is the analysis package used to carry out analysis.

ANSYS, CATIA, E-GLASS, E-CARBON, Kevlar.

[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSYS
[2]. http://www.cybersteering.com/cbmain/utilcars/qualis_gs.html
[3]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_material
[4]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CATIA
[5]. A. Mahdi, A. R. Abutalib and R. Yonus, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No.2, 2006, pp. 227-237. Mack, J., Advanced polymer composites, Mater.Edge, 18, January 1988....