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IJERD : Volume 13 - Issue 4

Version - 1 (April 2017)


Antaryami Mishra

Investigations of Mechanical Characteristics of Chicken Feather-Teak wood Dust Filled Epoxy Composites
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The present research has been undertaken with an objective to explore the potential of wood dust and chicken feather as reinforcing material in epoxy composites and to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the composites. Composites of teak wood dust (450 μm size) in 10,15 and 20 percentages of weight mixed with epoxy along with 5 % of chopped chicken feather have been prepared by hand lay up technique. The metallic mould developed in house was used to cast ASTM standard specimens. All the three samples have been tested in UTM for tensile strength and it is observed that composite with 15 % teak wood dust is having highest strength of 8.93 MPa. From water absorption tests in 24 hours the weight gain is very little and negligible for all the composites. Hence these composites can perform very well in moist atmosphere.
Chicken feather-teak wood dust-epoxy composites, tensile, water absorption tests

[1]. Justin, R. Barone, and Walter F. Schmidt. "Polyethylene Reinforced with Keratin Fibres Obtained from Chicken Feathers," Composites Science and Technology, 2005, Vol.65, pp. 173-181.
[2]. Kock, Jeffrey W. "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Chicken Feather Materials," M.Sc. Thesis submitted to Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
[3]. Evans, Michael R. and Vance, Leisha. "Physical Properties of Processed Poultry Feather fibrecontaining Greenhouse root Substrates," HortTechnology, 2007, Vol. 17(3), pp.301-304.
[4]. Anand Rao, V., Satapathy, Alok. and Mishra, S.C. " Polymer Composites Reinforced with Short Fibres Obtained From Poultry Feathers," Proc. Of Int. Conf. and INCCOM6 – Future Trends in Composite Materials and Processing, IIT, Kanpur, India, Dec. 12-14, 2007.
[5]. Martinez-Hernandez, A.L., Velasco-Santos, C., de-Icaza, M., Castano, Victor M. "Dynamical- Mechanical Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Composites Reinforced with Keratin Biofibres from chicken Feathers," Composites Part-B, 2007, Vol.38, pp.405-410.

Citation
Antaryami Mishra "Investigations of Mechanical Characteristics of Chicken Feather-Teak wood Dust Filled Epoxy Composites" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0001. India
Page 01-09
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A.Vijay Nireesha, K.Mounika, M.Ganesh Raghava, K.Pushpa, Ms.Md Azima, Ms.R.Lalitha

Design of High-Speed Dynamic Double-Tail Comparator

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The analog-to-digital converters which are of ultra low-power, area efficient, and high speed converters are made of dynamic regenerative comparators. These comparators can maximize speed and power efficiency. The delay and power dissipation of dynamic comparators are analyzed in this paper. The delays and tradeoff can be explored. The circuit of a conventional double tail comparator in this analysis is modified for fast operation even in different supply voltages. By using power gating technique and adding few transistors, the positive feedback during the regeneration is strengthened in the proposed comparator structure..............
Double-tail comparator, high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), delays, low-power analog design.
[1]. Samaneh Babayan-Mashhadi, " Analysis and Design of a low-Voltage Low-power Double-Tail Comparator", IEEE transactions on VLSI, Vol 22, no.2, February 2014.
[2]. A. Mesgarani, M. N. Alam, F. Z. Nelson, and S. U. Ay, "Supply boosting technique for designing very low-voltage mixed-signal circuits in standard CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Midwest Symp. Circuits Syst. Dig. Tech. Papers, Aug. 2010, pp. 893–896.
[3]. B. Goll and H. Zimmermann, "A comparator with reduced delay time in 65-nm CMOS for supply voltages down to 0.65," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 810–814, Nov. 2009.
[4]. B. Goll and H. Zimmermann, "A 65nm CMOS comparator with modified latch to achieve 7GHz/1.3mW at 1.2V and 700MHz/47μW at 0.6V," in Proc. IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2009, pp. 328–329.
[5]. B. J. Blalock, "Body-driving as a Low-Voltage Analog Design Technique for CMOS technology," in Proc. IEEE Southwest Symp. Mixed-Signal Design, Feb. 2000, pp. 113–118.
Citation
A.Vijay Nireesha, K.Mounika, M.Ganesh Raghava, K.Pushpa, Ms.Md Azima, Ms.R.Lalitha "Design of High-Speed Dynamic Double-Tail Comparator" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0002. India
Page 10-21
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K Balaji, S Emilon Zeon Rajan, C Ganesan, M Jananee, S Sanjay Kumar

Design and Development of Transonic Axial Flow Compressor Rotor Blade

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This paper is about a new computational fluid dynamics developed for the transonic flow in a compressor rotor. Due to 3-Dimensional blade modification the arrangements satisfying the required boundary condition. Engine compressor towards distorted inflow has to be taken in account which is already in the design phase. Flow separation over the blade surface reduction and elimination can improve better aerodynamic, performance, efficiency and stall margin. NASA transonic rotor tip critical in baseline blade rotor performance energizing the low momentum boundary layer, controlling the inception of stall. A Profile generator are attached on the inner casing of the rotor ahead to the loading edge of the rotor and it is influenced on the overall performance which has been studied.
Compressor rotor blade, Numerical investigation, Flow separation, Vortex generators, Stall margin, Efficiency.
[1] Moore Royce, D., & Reid, L. (1982). Performance of Single stage Axial Transonic Compressor with rotor and stator), aspect ratios of 1.19 and 1.26 respectively and with design pressure ratio of 1.82. NASA Technical Paper, (November 1978), 105. ]
[2] Chen, G. T., Greitzer, E. M., Tan, C. S., & Marble, F. E. (1991). Similarity Analysis of Compressor Tip Clearance Flow Structure. Journal of Turbo machinery, 113(2), 260.
[3] Freeman, C., & A., C. N. (1992). Method for the prediction of supersonic compressor blade performance. Journal of Propulsion and Power, 8(1), 199–208.
[4] Law, C. H., & Wadia, A. R. (1993). Low Aspect Ratio Transonic Rotors: Part 1—Baseline Design and performance. Journal of Turbo machinery, 115(2), 218–225.
[5] Suder, K. L., Chima, R. V., Strazisar, a. J., & Roberts, W. B. (1995). The Effect of Adding Roughness and Thickness to a Transonic Axial Compressor Rotor. Journal of Turbomachinery,117(4), 491.
Citation
K Balaji, S Emilon Zeon Rajan, C Ganesan, M Jananee, S Sanjay Kumar "Design and Development of Transonic Axial Flow Compressor Rotor Blade" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0003. India
Page 22-26
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G.Vigneshwaran, M.Vijayaraghavan, K.Sivamanikandan, K.Keerthana, K.Balaji

Fluid-Structure Interaction Over an Aircraft Wing

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Aircraft is a brilliant man-made structure which helps us to fly over the world. At the same time, aircraft is a complex structure to be checked and maintained for the aero elasticity due to aerodynamic properties. In this paper, the fluid-structure interaction problem in super critical NASA SC(2)-0412 airfoil is discussed. The main aim of this project is to find the best performance and deformation limit of the wing on different Mach numbers. This project is completely done by numerical methods of designing the wing using CATIA and flow properties in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Finally, the structural analysis for deformation is analysed in ANSYS. The analytical approach of fluid-structure interaction over an Aircraft wing is complex.
FSI, CATIA, ANSYS, Aero-elasticity, NASA.

[1]. T. Sai Kiran Goud, Sai Kumar A, Dr S Srinivasa Prasad, "Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interaction on an Aircraft Wing"
[2]. Jian Tang, Satish Chimakurthi, Rafael Palacios, Carlos E.S. Cesnik, And Wei Shyy "Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Of A Deformable Flapping Wing For Micro Air Vehicle Applications" by Aiaa 2008-615.
[3]. Chowla Sangeetha, Mr Veeranjaneyulu, Dr MSN Guptha, "Fluid-structure interaction on AGARD 445.6 wing at transonic speeds" Jawaharlal Nehru technological university, Hyderabad.
[4]. F. Liu, J. Cai and Y. Zhu, "Calculation of Wing Flutter by a Coupled Fluid- Structure Method", University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.

[5]. B. Nagaraj Goud, G. Sai Sathyanarayana, S. Shailesh Babu, T B S Rao "Dynamic aero elastic (flutter) instability characteristics of an aircraft wing" MRCET, Hyderabad.

Citation
G.Vigneshwaran, M.Vijayaraghavan, K.Sivamanikandan, K.Keerthana, K.Balaji "Fluid-Structure Interaction Over an Aircraft Wing" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0004. India
Page 27-35
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Gary C. Cheng, Robert Nichols, Kshitij D. Neroorkar

Review and Assessment of Turbulence Transition Models

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Turbulent boundary layer transition can greatly affect flow characteristics such as skin friction, heat transfer, pressure loads, and boundary layer separation point. Accurate computation of such effect is vital to the design of components and vehicles subjected to turbulent transition flows. In this paper we report our review of the existing boundary layer transition models, selection of the boundary layer transition models most appropriate for the existing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers, and implementation and evaluation of the selected transition models with some benchmark test cases, ranging from subsonic to hypersonic flows. The objective of this assessment study is not intended..................
Turbulence models, turbulence transition, CFD, flat plate, hypersonic cylindrical cone, turbine cascade

[1]. A. M. O. Smith, "Transition, Pressure Gradient and Stability Theory," Douglas Aircraft Co. Rept. ES26388, El Segundo, California, 1956.
[2]. J. L. van Ingen, "A Suggested Semi-empirical Method for the Calculation of the Boundary Layer Transition Region," University of Technology, Department of Aero. Eng., Rep. UTH-74, Delft, 1956.
[3]. M. T. Arthur, and C. J. Atkin, "Transition Modeling for Viscous Flow Prediction," AIAA Paper, AIAA Paper 2006–3052, 2006.
[4]. S. A. McKeel, "Numerical Simulation of the Transition Region in Hypersonic Flow," PhD dissertation, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1996.
[5]. P. Stainback, M. Fisher, and R. Wagner, "Effects of Wind-Tunnel Disturbances on Hypersonic Boundary Transition," AIAA Paper 72–181, 1972.

Citation
Gary C. Cheng, Robert Nichols, Kshitij D. Neroorkar "Review and Assessment of Turbulence Transition Models" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0005. USA
Page 36-57
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Hyun-Seop Shin

Experimental Evaluation of Fatigue Performance of Steel Grid Composite Deck Joints

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The steel grid composite deck is a composite structure made of a concrete slab disposed over a steel grid. The joints of the deck segments precast with regular width can be designed by means of lap-spliced rebar or mechanical connection composed of concrete shear key and bolts. This study intends to evaluate comparatively the fatigue performance with respect to the type of joint based upon the results of fatigue tests conducted on deck
specimens equipped with such joints. The evaluation reveals that there is practically no change in the stiffness regardless of the type of joint even after 2 million loading cycles and that the safety and serviceability are secured
under cyclic loading since the maximum crack widths remained below the allowable values.
Composite deck, Joint, Mechanical connection, Lap-spliced rebar, Fatigue performance

[1]. C.J. Earls, T.R. Johnston, "Behavior of Field Splice Details in Precast Concrete-Filled Steel Grid Bridge Deck", Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol.9, pp.127-136, 2004.
[2]. C. Higgins, H. Mitchell, "Behavior of Composite Bridge Decks with Alternative Shear Connectors", Journal of Bridge Engineering, Vol.6, pp.17-22, 2001.
[3]. H. Huang, M.J. Chajes, D.R. Mertz, Shenton, H.W., Kaliakin, V.N., "Strength behavior of filled steel grid decks for bridges", Bridge Structure, Vol.3, no.2, pp.105-118, 2007.
[4]. M. J. Pierce, Evaluative testing of a novel weldless open steel grid deck system. Master's thesis. Pittsburgh University, pp.1-33, 2005.
[5]. J. Versace, J. Ramirez, Implementation of full- width bridge deck panels; A synthesis study. FHWA /IN/JTRP-2003/24: Purdue University, pp.1-66, 2004.

Citation
Hyun-Seop Shin "Experimental Evaluation of Fatigue Performance of Steel Grid Composite Deck Joints" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0006. South Korea
Page 58-66
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Lejla Odobasic

Early Museum as Symbol of National Identity

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This paper traces the role of the museum as a tool in the formation of national identity, in Bavarian kingdom, during the late eighteen and early nineteenth centuries. The importance of the museums in Berlin and Munich, built under the rule of Ludwig I, is that they helped to forge the new museum typology that were applied to other European cities with the same intent. The paper examines three museums from Munich and Berlin: The Altes Museum, the Glyptothek and the Alte Pinakothek. It seeks to establish the relationship between the content or the collection and the container or the building itself as well as the expression of this phenomena into the architectural language.
Museum, Collective Identity, Civic Architecture, Nationalism, Cultural Buildings

[1]. Anderson, Benedict R. O'G. Imagined Communities. 1st ed. London: N.p., 1982. Print.
[2]. Anico, Marta, and Elsa Peralta. Heritage And Identity: Engagement And Demission In The Contemporary World. New York, NY: Routledge., 2008. Print.
[3]. Consultants, ICI, English, and Alison Culliford. French Museum Architecture. Hong Kong: Design Media Publishing, 2013. Print.
[4]. Crane, Susan A. Museums And Memory. United States: Stanford University Press, 2000. Print.
[5]. Deutsches Museum. 1st ed. Mü nchen: Deutsches Museum--Munich. Print.

Citation
Lejla Odobasic "Early Museum as Symbol of National Identity" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0007. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Page 67-75
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Preetha J, Akshatha B C, Karthik L, Vivekanand S Gogi

Study and Analysis of Energy Utilization in Casting and Forging Industry

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Energy audit is a methodology which is used to reduce the energy consumption by the system. The foundry industries are the most energy consuming systems in India. The objective of this research is to minimize the energy utilization in the company by using energy audit technique. It was found that induction furnace is the major problem, which made the system to consume more energy. The experimental study was conducted to optimize the wall thickness of the furnace in order to increase the efficiency of the furnace using ANSYS. As the thickness increased from 0.200m to 0.300m the efficiency of the furnace also increased from 49.40% to 54.70% with energy utilization cost reduction of Rupees 1592, considering 8 hour per day operation.
Energy audit, Foundry industry, Induction furnace, Efficiency analysis, ANSYS software.

[1]. SangmeshBhalke, GaneshChate, AnupamaKallol, SadanandHum, Barwadi and MdRiyaz, "Energy Auditing of Foundries", an international journal of advanced engineering and applied science, ISSN 2320–3927, 20th july 2015.
[2]. Jakob Rosenqvist, Patrik Thollander and Patrik Rohdin, "Industrial Energy Auditing for Increased Sustainability - Methodology and Measurements", InTech Publisher, ISBN: 978-953-51-0912-9, 2012.
[3]. Manjunatha Babu P, T C Balachandra, Ozwin Dsouza and Babu Naik, "Energy Audit, Conservation And Power Factor Improvement For BMSIT Campus", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, eISSN: 2319-1163, pISSN: 2321-7308, 2013.
[4]. Dr. R.K. Jain, "Performance Analysis Of Innovative Techniques Of Rotary Furnace For Energy Conservation In Foundries", International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 9, ISSN 2321-6441, September 2014.
[5]. Tigist Fetene Adane, "Mapping Energy Usage in Casting Process for Cylinder Head Production", June 2011.

Citation
Preetha J, Akshatha B C, Karthik L, Vivekanand S Gogi "Study and Analysis of Energy Utilization in Casting and Forging Industry" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0008. India
Page 76-78
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Nurhayati, Nashrullah Chatib, Purwoharjono

Hourly Groundwater Modelling In Tidal Lowlands Areas Using Extreme Learning Machine-Particle Swarm Optimization

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The Information groundwater levels are very important in the management of tidal lowland, especially for food crop farming. This study aims to perform modelling groundwater levels using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) paralleled with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). PSO is used to set the value of the input weights and hidden biases on ELM methods in order to improve the performance of the method ELM. Groundwater levels are modelled is hourly groundwater level at tertiary block. Data input for modelling is the water level in the channel, rainfall and temperature. Results of ground water level predictions using ELMPSO is better than predictions of groundwater levels using ELM. Based on these results, the ELM-PSO can be used in predicting groundwater levels, so as to assist decision makers in determining water management strategies and the determination of appropriate cropping pattern in tidal lowland.
Extreme learning machine, particle swarm optimization, tidal lowland, groundwater.

[1]. Nurhayati, Indratmo Soekarno, Iwan K. Hadihardaja and M. Cahyono, "The prediction of groundwater level on tidal lowland reclamation using extreme learning machine, "Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 56 (1), pp. 75–84, Oct. 2013.
[2]. Susanto, R. H., "Masalah kebakaran dan solusi berkaitan dengan pengembangan pertanian di areal rawa/gambut," Prosiding Semiloka Kebakaran di Lahan Gambut di Sumatera: Masalah dan Solusi, Palembang, Indonesia, pp. 147–160, 2003.
[3]. G. B. Huang, Q. -Y. Zhu, and C. -K. Siew, "Extreme learning machine: A new learning scheme of feedforward neural networks," Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN2004), Budapest, Hungary, vol. 2, pp. 985–990, 2004.
[4]. G.B. Huang, Qin-Yu Zhu, Chee-KheongSiew, "Extreme learning machine: Theory and applications. Neurocomputing," vol. 70, pp. 489–501, 2006.
[5]. Eberhart R. C., Y. Shi, "Comparing inertia weights and constriction factors in particle swarm optimization," in. Proc. Congress on Evolutionary Computation, vol. 1, pp. 84–88, 2000.

Citation
Nurhayati, Nashrullah Chatib, Purwoharjono "Hourly Groundwater Modelling In Tidal Lowlands Areas Using Extreme Learning Machine-Particle Swarm Optimization" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0009. Indonesia
Page 79-87
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Tize k. J, aboubakar, tangka j

The Potential of Local Materials on The Manufacturing Cost of A Cylindrical Floating Digester To Produce Biogas

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This work aims to study the impact of using local materials on the manufacturing cost of a cylindrical floating digester. Black basalt stones cut, several stones uncut and sheets have been chosen. During construction the gas tank is built from two types of metal. The black sheets of 15/10 and 8/10 obtained from ordinary metal drums of 200 L. The results show that a modified cylindrical digester gas tank float was built with stone. Its volume is 25m3, its diameter and height are respectively 3.2 m and 3.1 m. The biogas tank is capable of storing 9.8 m3 of this one. The average quantities of other materials like cut stones, various stones, sand are respectively 0.88, 0.62 and 0.484 ton/m3 digester. The use of sheet 8/10 recovered from metal drums is not appropriate. The financial evaluation shows that the construction work cost is approximately 52.000CFA/m3 digester. Using local materials reduces the cost of construction of a biogas unit.
Local materials, stone, sheets, digester, cost of construction, biogas

[1]. Aburas R., Hammad. M. A., Hiary S. E., Qousous S., Abu-Reesh I., 1995. Construction and operation of a demonstration biogas plant, problems and prospects. Energy Convers. Mgmr, 37: 611-614.
[2]. Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise d'Energie (ADEME), 2006. La méthanisation à la ferme. Site web : http://www2.ademe.fr
[3]. Agu S., Bonnefoy A., Devaux L, Mouilleron T., Touret H., 2000. Agriculture et effet de serre : adaptation des pratiques agricoles, alternatives énergétiques. Rapport scientifique, Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture 55 rue Rabelais BP 748 49007 ANGERS CEDEX 01, France, 95p.
[4]. Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BEAC), 2008. Evolution du marché des capitaux. Bulletin du marché monétaire, 172 : 1-84
[5]. Blondin P., Fokwa D., Embogo D., 1993. Guide de Tacheron. SOPECAM, Yaoundé, Cameroun, 211p.

Citation
Tize k. J, aboubakar, tangka j "The Potential of Local Materials on The Manufacturing Cost of A Cylindrical Floating Digester To Produce Biogas" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0010. Cameroon
Page 88-102
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Pooja Raj, Neethu Skariya, Anikha Babu, Reshma Jacob, Neethu Jo Vavachan

Implementation of A Multifunctional Smart Wheelchair

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The project presents a multifunctional smart wheelchair for movement of disabled people along with patient monitoring using Arduino. The wheelchair can move in left, right, forward and backward directions. The movement is controlled by voice. Here voice is given to the mobile phone and it transmits the corresponding data to microcontroller using bluetooth module. Microcontroller controls the movement of wheelchair by controlling the DC motors interfaced with motor drivers. Patient monitoring is achieved by temperature sensor and data is given to microcontroller. Whenever the temperature rises above the threshold value, an alert message is sent to doctor's phone using GSM module. Along with this, obstacle detection is also implemented using Ultrasonic sensors.
Arduino Uno, Bluetooth module, Obstacle detection, Temperature sensor, Voice Recognition

[1]. Mr. Khagendra Joshi, Mr. Virendra Gupta,Ms. Monika Gosavi,Mr. Sandip Wagh, "A Multifunctional Smart Wheelchair", International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
[2]. Snehlata Yadav, Poonam Sheoran, " Smart Wheelchairs - A literature review", International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 3, Issue 2, 2016
[3]. Chetan P.Dafe, Vikas J. Sakure, Sumukh Sardesai, Sajid Kamal, "Smart Wheelchair", IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 3, Issue 01, 2015 ISSN (online): 2321-0613
[4]. Sandeep, Supriya, "Wheel-Chair Control Using Accelerometer Based Gesture Technology", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2015
[5]. Rahul Das, Amit Agarwal, Amit Kumar Ray, "Smart Wheel Chair Using Android Based Messenger System",

Citation
Pooja Raj, Neethu Skariya, Anikha Babu, Reshma Jacob, Neethu Jo Vavachan "Implementation of A Multifunctional Smart Wheelchair" published at International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, Volume 13, Issue 4 (April 2017)
MID 1304.067X.0011. India
Page 103-106
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