"Science Of Time And The Theory Of Everything" by author BhausahebBhosle does not fit into Big Bang theory.

[1]. Ancient book Surya-Siddhanta, Rig Veda.
[2]. Articles with title science of time and the theory of everything by author BhausahebBhosle.
[3]. Book titled "science of time and the theory of everything"by author BhausahebBhosle.

Pursuing happy and meaningful life is the expectation of every individual. Recreation and leisure has multiple meanings based on individual's experiences and perceptions. Recreation is viewed from individual's perspective. This paper is an attempt to understand the leisure time available, willingness to spend on the leisure activities, to identify the most preferred Leisure activity, to analyse the factors influencing leisure services and the expectations of respondents from the leisure service providers.The Paper aims at identifying the expectations of respondents and suggests that as a business opportunity.Reviews shows that the abundant leisure time is not spent properly in pursuit of happiness............

[1]. Yoshitaka Iwasaki (2016): Contributions of leisure to ―meaning-making‖ and its implications for leisure studies and services, Annals of Leisure Research, DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1178591
[2]. Baud-Bovy, M. 2002. Tourism and recreation handbook of planning and design. Oxford: Architectural Press
[3]. Torkildsen, G. 1999. Leisure and Recreation Management. London, New York: Routledge
[4]. Martin Seligman, Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment (New York: Free Press, 2002).
[5]. Jay B. Nash, Philosophy of Recreation and Leisure (Dubuque, Iowa: W.C. Brown Co., 1960).

Plate girders are widely used in bridges as well as industrial buildings. As we know, plate girders have maximum moment carrying capacity than any other hot rolled sections used. To carry these moments economically, normally webs with larger depth to thickness ratio are used resulting in slender sections which are susceptible to web buckling. Hence to avoid web buckling and to gain maximum strength, corrugations are provided in the web region. The corrugated steel plate can be used in many fields of applications because of its favorable properties. This new achievement has helped engineers to design more optimal structures. In this paper, a review of the research carried out on corrugated web steel girders both experimentally and analytically is presented.

[1]. Luo R and Edlnd B (1994) ―Buckling analysis of trapezoidally corrugated web panels using spline finite strip method‖, Thin walled structures, vol.18, pp. 209-224.
[2]. Luo R and Edlnd B (1996) ―Shear capacity of the plate girder with trapezoidally corrugated webs‖, Thin walled structures vol.26, pp. 19-44.
[3]. Luo R and Edlnd B (1996) ―Ultimate strength of girders with corrugated web under patch loading‖, Thin walled structures, vol.24, pp. 135-156.
[4]. Hassam Abbas, Wagdy G Wassef, Robert G. Driver and Mohamed Elgaaly (2003) "Corrugated Web Girder Shape and Strength Criteria", ATLSS Reports, Paper 245.
[5]. Ezzeldin Yazeed Sayed-Ahmed (2007) ―Design aspects of steel I-girders with corrugated steel webs‖, Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.7.

The cement industry is a significant CO2 emitter, contributing approximately 6% of all global CO2 emissions. These emissions primarily result from the fuel combustion and calcination of raw materials. However, it is possible that using fly ash and silica fume—recycled byproducts from other industries—in the concrete mix will help the environment. In this study, effects of adding fly ash and silica fume on the compressive strength of concrete containing supplementary cement materials (SCM) were experimentally investigated. By using SCM, we will be able to obtain high-performance concrete (HPC) which lead to reduce the cross-section area of the concrete structure and that will reduce the amount of cement which means reduce the amount of CO2 emission from cement manufacturing to the atmosphere. By comparing traditional concrete mix with our new concrete mix containing SCM, we were able to see the difference between the amount of cement consumed by each. We prepared and tested 12 mixes of concrete with different compressive strengths, which had varying effects on reducing cement amount and CO2 emission.

[1]. Benhelal, E.; Zahedi, G.; Haslenda, H. ―A Novel Design for Green and Economical Cement Manufacturing‖; J.Clean. Prod., 22(1), PP. 60-66(2012).
[2]. Mikulcic, H.; Vujanovic, M.; Duic, N. ―Reducing the CO2 Emissions in Croatian Cement Industry‖; Appl. Energy 101,41-48.

[3]. Benhelal, E.;Rafiei, A.;Shamsaei, E. ―Green Cement Production: Potentials and Achievements‖. Int J Chem Eng Appl. 407-409. 10.7763/IJCEA.2012.V3.229(2012).
[4]. IEA (International Energy Agency) Statistics, ―CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Highlights‖. (2010) Online http://www.iea.org/CO2highlights
[5]. Ishak, S.A. and Hashim, H. ―Low carbon measures for cement plant–a review‖. J. Clean. Prod.,103,PP. 260-274 (2015).

The focus of this study was to investigate the effects of some selected processing conditions on the yield and quality of shea butter produced from sun dried shea kernels. Fresh shea fruit werecollected depulped, boiled, sun dried, cooked, ground, kneaded and oil collected. Thefresh shea nuts were subjected to boiling times of 0,15,30,45 and 60 minutes. The nuts were then sun dried. The drying stage was preceded by milling, kneading and curd boiling to obtain shea oil. Physicochemical properties of the shea oil such as density, yield, iodine value, free fatty acid, peroxide value, melting point, percentage impurities, refractive index, and moisture content, absorbance at 600 nm, saponification value and unsaponifiable fractions were determined. The results obtained for some of these parameters..........

[1]. AAK Global (2012) Lipex® Shea butter family.Technical bulletin AarhusKarlshamn Lipids care. AarhusKarlshamn. Retrieved from http://www.integrityingredientscorp.com/resources/Shea+Butter+family.pdf
[2]. Alander, J. (2004). Shea butter- a multifunctional ingredient for food and cosmetics. Lipid Technology. 16(9), 202-205
[3]. Esiegbuya, D. O., Osagie, J. I., & Okungbowa, F. I. (2014). Fungi Associated With the Post harvest Fungal Deterioration of Shea nuts and Kernels. Internatoinal Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 4(5), 373-379.
[4]. Hamilton, R., & Rosell, J. (1986). Analysis of Oil and Fats. Elsevier Applied Science New York, 1-5.
[5]. Harris, R. (1999). Market and Technical survey: Shea nuts. Fintrac Inc. Washington DC.

Integrated systems of algae cultivation and biofuels production is one of the technological strategies adopted in the area of algae biofuels Research and Development (R&D) in order to overcome feasibility and techno-economic barriers linked with large scale production of algae biofuels. Therefore this study seeks to assess the integrated process system in order to evaluate or estimate its technical performance, which will provide a solid basis for future economic analysis. In doing this, a study of system integrating biomethane production and biodiesel production using a harvested alga biomass was conducted. Four different scenarios were modelled: methane production, biodiesel production, biodiesel and methane (using residue from biodiesel production), and combined methane and biodiesel production, with each case generating electricity. These scenarios were analyzed and evaluated with respect to products.........

[1]. Andersson, V., Brogerg, S., and Hackl, R. (2011) Integrated Algea Cultivation for Biofuels Production in Industrial Clusters [online]. Program Energisystem. Available from:http://www.liu.se/energi/publikationer/tvarprojekt/1.465340/Arbetsnotat_47.pdf
[Assessed: 25/5/2013].
[2]. Angelidaki, I., Karakashev, D., Batstone, D.J., Plugge, M.C. and Stams, A.J.M. (2011) Biomethanation and its Potential. Methods in Enzymology, 494, 327-351.
[3]. Brune, D., Lundguist, T. and Benemann, J. (2009) Microalgae Biomass for Greenhouse GasReductions: Potential for Replacement of Fossil Fuels and Animal Feeds. Journal ofEnvironmental Engineering, 135(11), 1136 – 1144.
[4]. Chisti, Y. (2007) Biodiesel from Microalgae. Biotechnology Advances, 25(3), 294-306.
[5]. Clarens , A.F., Eleazer P. R., Mark A. W. and Lisa M. C.(2010) Environmental Life Cycle Comparison of Algae to Other Bioenergy Feedstocks. Environmental Science &Technology, 44(5), 1813-1819.

Thin films of TiO2 and TiO2-Zeolite were deposited with different concentrations on glass substrates using the spin-coating technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations were used in order to determine the influence of this variation on the structural, optical and morphological properties of the films. As a result, it was found that the films are polycrystals, an exhibit high transmittance in the visible and near infrared regions. Furthermore, the narrow optical bands are in the range of 4.03 eV-4.46eV, and the morphology of the samples shows conglomerates with sizes less than 10 μm.

[1]. T. K. Tseng, Y. S. Lin, Y. J. Chen and H. Chu., A Reviem of Photocatalysts Prepares by Sol-Gel Method for VOCs Removal. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11 (2010), p.p. 2336-2361. doi:10.3390/ijms11062336
[2]. G. Zhang, A. Song, Y. Duan and S. Zheng., Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2_zeolite composite for abatement of pollutants. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 255 (2018), p.p. 61-68.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.07.028
[3]. S. M. Hosseini, S. H. Amini, A. R. Khodabakhshi, E. Bagheripour and B. Van der Bruggen., Activated carbon nanoparticles entrapped mixed matrix polyethersulfone based nanofiltration membrane for sulfate and copper removal from water. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. 82 (2018), p.p. 169-178.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2017.11.017
[4]. A. Zielinska, M. Klein and J. Hupka., Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of Pt/I-TiO2 in a slurry system and supported on glass packing. Separation and Purification Technology.189 (2017) p.p. 246-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.08.018.
[5]. K. Deepak Kumar, G. Praveen Kumar and K. Srinivasulu Reddy., Rapid Microwave Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxidesupported TiO2 Nanostructures as High Performance Photocatalyst. Materials Today Proceedings. 2 (2015) p.p. 3736- 3742.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.204.

Rain water harvesting is an important source of water supply for places that experience low rainfall. This study focuses on the quality of rain water harvested from corrugated zinc roof and stored in ferrocement reservoirs fromresidential locations in Ovia North-East Local Government of Edo State. Standard laboratory procedures were used to determine the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of the rain water collected from ferro-cement reservoirs. These parameters were compared with the recommended limits prescribed by the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and World Health Organization (WHO). All the physicochemical parameters were within the permissible water quality standards recommended by (NSDWQ) and (WHO) except pH which were slightly alkaline. The microbiological parameters such as Ecoli and total coliform were above the prescribed limits of NSDWQ and WHO. This implies that the rain water should be treated to make it safe for drinking.

[1]. Achadu, O.J., Ako, F.E. and Dalla, C.L., (2013). Quality assessment of stored harvested rainwater in Wukari, North-Eastern Nigeria: Impact of storage media. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology,vol. 7, Issue 5, pp. 25-32.
[2]. Adeboye, O.B. and Alatise, M. O., (2008). Surface water potential of River Osun at Apoje Sub-Basin, Nigeria. Soil Water Res 3(2):74–79.
[3]. Ahmed, W., Gardner, T., and Toze, S., (2011). Microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater and health risks: a review. Journal of Environmental Quality, 40(1), 13–21.
[4]. Ahmed, W., Huygens, F., Goonetilleke, A., and Gardner, T. (2008). Real-time PCR detection of pathogenic microorganisms in roof-harvested rainwater in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74(17), 5490–5496.
[5]. Ahmed, W., Staley, C., Hamilton, K. A., Beale, D. J., Sadowsky,M. J., Toze, S., and Haas, C. N. (2017). Amplicon-basedtaxonomic characterization of bacteria in urban and periurbanroof-harvested rainwater stored in tanks. Science ofthe Total Environment, 576, 326–334.

Carbon nanotubes1, nano-ribbons2, graphene3,fullerenes4,polyacetalenes and their derivatives have obtained much attention recently due to their unique chemical, mechanical, thermal, optical, electronic and magnetic properties5. These carbon materials are lightweight and can support a large strain for their crosssection. Additionally, their ability to conduct electricity increases their potential and usefulness.Their ability to conduct electricity emerges from the π-π conjugation effect and alternating single and double bonds affecting the structure of the HOMO-LUMO levels.

[1]. "One Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications" Adv. Mater. 15, 5, 353-389.
[2]. "Chemically derived, ultrasmooth grapheme nanoribbon semiconductors" Science, 319, 5867, 1229-1232.
[3]. 3.Novoselov, K.S. "Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films" Science, 316, 5696, 666-669
[4]. 4.Iijima, S. "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon"Nature, 354, 6348, 56-58.
[5]. 5. Dai, L. (ed.) "Carbon Nanotechnology", Elsavier: New York, 2006.

Semantic Web was introduced to overcome the challenges of the current Search engines where retrieval process is based on traditional keyword search. Retrieval based on traditional keyword search lacks semantics and as a result a lot of irrelevant results are returned. In Semantic Web, retrieval process is based on semantic which returned a more precise and relevant results. The main building block of Semantic Web is ontology. Therefore ontology is needed to build Semantic Web retrieval application. There are various ontologies developed on different domains in recent years. However in Ontology development process, each domain has its own peculiar challenges. In this paper,Nigerian Geography Ontology was developed. The developed ontology is used to build a Nigerian Geography knowledge-base which can be used for the developmentvarious Semantic Web applications related to Nigerian Geography.

[1]. Ahmed, Z., & Gerhard, D. (2007). Web to Semantic Web & Role of Ontology. In the proceedings of National Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, (NCICT-2007), Pakistan, 9th May 2007.
[2]. Andrew Perez-Lopez, Ryan Blace, Matthew Fisher, John Hebeler. "Semantic Web Programming" Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2009 (Olawande Daramola, Mathew Adigunb, Charles Ayo,2009)
[3]. Balakrishna, M., & Srikanth, M. (2008). Automatic Ontology Creation from Text for National Intelligence Priorities Framework (NIPF).In Proceeding of 3rd International conference for Ontology for the Intelligent Community (OIC), Fairfax, VA, USA, Dec 3-4.
[4]. Balakrishna, M., Moldovan, D., Tatu, M., & Olteanu, M. (2013). Semi-Automatic Domain Ontology Creation from Text Resources. Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference, 3187–3194.
[5]. Hu, Y. (2004). The Semantic Web : Current Status and Future Directions. [Power Point slides]. Retrieved from http://www.cs.nccu.edu.tw/~jong/pub/mis0601talk.pdf

This paper presents an experimental investigation for the behavior of flanged reinforced lightweight concrete (LWC) under combined stresses. LWC was obtained through the use of polystyrene foam as a partial aggregate's replacement to reduce the concrete dry unit weight from 23.0 kN/m3 to 18.1 kN/m3. The experimental work was consisted from two phases; The first phase quantified the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete; namely the compressive and tensile strengths as well as the tension stiffening capability of the concrete mix and The second phase was concerned with testing specimens of LWC beams (L and T-shaped) under combined stresses for determination of the ultimate resistance, mode of failure, ultimate angle of twist, and load-deflection curve for all tested beams..............

[1]. ACI Committee 213, "Guide for Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete", American Concrete Institute, 1987
[2]. Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernández Ruiz. Shear Strength of Members without Transverse Reinforcement as Function of Critical Shear Crack Width , ACI STRUCT J Title no. 105-S17 ,2008,163-172
[3]. ] C. H. Huang, L. H. Chen, Y. C. Kan, C. H. Wu , T. Yen. Shear behavior of full size reinforced lightweight concrete beam. Dahan Institute of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan. 2011.
[4]. Danile F. Jensen. Reliability Analysis for Shear in Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Bridges Using Shear Beam Database, Utah State University, 2014
[5]. Hussein O. Okail"flexural behavior of reinforced self-compacting lightweight concrete beams ", Faculty of engineering, ain shams university, 2008.

Web-based forum is an application through the internet to facilitate the process of discussions and exchange of ideas. It is also referred to as online forums, message boards, discussion groups, and discussion forums. Youth can play a role in shaping their societies of immense diversity through the means of communication and participation, and sharing ideas. Therefore, this study leads to develop a web-based forum application to help young people express themselves and their needs, and desires. The requirements of the webbased application were identified from the students in UUM who are in the similar age group, design the application, and a prototype to implement the design.

[1]. Ahmed, N. (2005). Youth & ICT as Agents for Change. [Issued Paper].
[2]. Bage, L. 2004. Rural development: key to reaching the Millennium Development Goals. Retrieved April 2nd, 2008 from http://www.ifad.org/events/op/2004/mdg.htm
[3]. Bodzin, A. M. & Park, J. C. (2000). A Study of Preservice Science Teachers' Interactions with a Web-Based Forum.

[4]. Dennis & Wixon, (2003). Evaluating usability methods: why the current literature fails the practitioner. In Interactions, 10 (4) ACM. pp. 28-34
[5]. DOS (1999). (Department of Statistics ). General Report of the Population Census Volume 1 & 2. Kuala Lumpur.
[6]. Kelvin, C. K.W. & Fion, S. L. L. & Cynthia, F. K. L. & William, K.W. C. & Anders, I. M. & Jiming, L. (2007). "A Pilot Study on the Impact of the Web-based Essay Critiquing System on Writing at the Tertiary Level". Proceedings of the 2007 International Joint Conference on e-Commerce, e-Administration, e-Society, and e-Education, Hong Kong, 2007

The high-strength concrete shear wall is widely used because shear wall increased the lateral strength of a structure and have a great effect on stiffness. The using of Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) in the strengthening is one of the effective method for shear wall strengthening. In this paper Finite Element Method is used to simulate the reinforced concrete Shear wall using 3-D elements. Confined and unconfined shear wall are investigated in the analysis by using ANSYS 12...........

[1]. Ahmed Abdel Gaber Abdel Mawgood," Effect of Steel and Height -to-Width Ratio On the Behavior of High - Strength R.C. Shear Walls" "M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt ,2005.
[2]. S. Qazi, L. Michel & E. Ferrier "Mechanical behaviour of slender RC walls under seismic loading strengthened with externally bonded CFRP", European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 17:6, 2013, pp.496-506.
[3]. David T. Lau, Carlos A. Cruz-N "Developments on Seismic Retrofit of RC Shear Walls with FRP", 5th International Conference on Advances in Experimental Structural Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan, November 8-9, 2013.
[4]. H. El-Sokkary1 and K. Galal2 "seismic Behavior of FRP-Strengthened RC Shear Walls" Journal of Composites for Construction, Submitted July 15, 2012; accepted January 16, 2013; posted ahead of print January 18, 2013.
[5]. S. Qazi, L. Michel & E. Ferrier "Impact of CFRP partial bonding on the behavior of short reinforced concrete wall under monotonic lateral loading", Composite Structures 128 ,2015, pp. 251–259.

A method for measuring the thermal properties of anisotropic materials is proposed. In this study, we use wood with significant anisotropic characteristics as a research object, and combine the experimental data to simulate an effective analytical method. The purpose of obtaining the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the material in the orthogonal direction quickly and automatically has been achieved. According to the characteristics of wood, the variation law of the thermal conductivity at the significant angle of the wood grain change is obtained. Based on the measurement data and the characteristics of the molar stress circle, the maximum thermal conductivity and the minimum thermal conductivity distribution direction of the unknown internal structure are found.

[1]. M. Fujii, T. Tomimura, X. Zhang, and S. Park, "A Non-contact Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity of Solids(in Beijing)" Thermophysical Properties (International Academic, Beijing), pp.120-125, 1992.
[2]. M Fujii, S. Park, T. Tomimura,and X. Zhang, "A noncontact method for measuring thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of anisotropic materials, (in Japanese)" International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 18,No. 1, pp.251-267,1997.

[3]. 藤井丕夫,朴寿泉,富村寿夫,張興, "異方性物質の熱伝導率と熱拡散率の非接触同時測定" Netsu Bussei, Vol. 9, No. 4,pp.231- 236,1995.
[4]. E Takegoshi, S Imura, T Takenaka, Y Hirasawa, "A Method of Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Orthogonal Anisotropic Materials by the Transient Hot Wire Method , (in Japanese)" Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol.48,No.433, pp.1743-1750, 1982.
[5]. E Nemoto ， K Kawashimo "Principal Thermal Conductivity and Rotating Angle Measurement of Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Heat Conductor Using an Unsteady Point Source of Heat (in Japanese)"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Part B , Vol.62,No.603, pp:3905-3911,1996

Cyclone dust collector is a stationary mechanical device that is used to filter solid particles from a carrier gas. Performance of cyclone is affected by two vital parameters, namely collection efficiency and pressure drop. Both parameters are strongly influenced by the geometry of the device. The geometric parameters that affect its performance are mainly height of conical section and cylinder, vortex finder length, vortex diameter, cone dip diameter, barrel diameter etc. This paper mainly focuses on the geometric parameters of a cyclone and analyzing its effect on the collection efficiency. In this paper, three different size cyclone dust collector models were used. The effect of cyclone size on performance parameters such as cut off diameter, pressure drop, and collection efficiency was investigated. The CFD analysis of three cyclone dust collectors was performed. Collection efficiency obtained from the analysis was then used to select the best model.

[1]. (n.d.). Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet. Environmental Protection Agency United States.
[2]. Bashir, K. (2015). Design and Fabrication of Cyclone Separator.
[3]. Hoekstra, A. J. (2000). Gas Flow Field And Collection Efficiency Of Cyclone Separators.
[4]. Karl B. Schnelle, C. A. (2002). Cyclone Design. In Air Pollution Control Technology Handbook. CRC Press LLC.
[5]. Mahdi Azadi, M. A. (2010). A CFD study of the Effect of Cyclone size on its performance parameters. Journal of Hazardous Materials.

In power system energy management system Load forecasting is the major part of the system. The exact load forecasting helps the electric utility to make unit commitment decisions, reduce spinning reserve capacity and schedule device maintenance plan properly. Apart from its plays a key role in reducing the generation cost, it is also essential to the reliability of power systems. In current scenario Load forecasting plays an important role in power system planning, operation and control. But for the proper Planning and precise operational applications of load forecasting requires a certain 'lead time' which is calledas forecasting intervals. On the basis of lead time, load forecasting types fall into four different categories: very short-term forecasts, short-term forecasts, medium-term forecasts and long-term forecasts..............

[1]. G. Gross, F. D. Galiana Short term load forecasting Proceedings of the IEEE, 1987, 75(12), 1558 – 1571.
[2]. J.Y. Fan, J.D. McDonald, ‗A real-time implementation of short – term load forecasting for distribution power systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1994, 9, 988 – 994.
[3]. M.Y. Cho, J.C. Hwang, C.S. Chen, ‗Customer short-term load forecasting by using ARIMA transfer function model", Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, EMPD, 1995, 1, 317 – 322.
[4]. E.A. Feinberg and D. Genethliou (2005) "Load forecasting In: Applied Mathematics for Restructured Electric Power Systems": Optimization, Control, and Computational Intelligence, J.H. Chow et al. (eds.),Springer.
[5]. M. EL-Naggar, and A. AL-Rumaih (2005)"Electric Load Forecasting using Genetic Based Algorithm, Optimal Filter Estimator and least error squares Technique", Comparative study, PWASET, pp. 138 -142.

Nowadays concrete plays a major role in the development of any country. It has become in such a way that the usage of concrete became second only to water around the world. In the last two decades environmental issues in the concrete industry have been paid a lot of attention, aiming at reducing the total environmental impact of concrete structures to a minimum, without compromising on their performance. A lot of different tools have been developed in order to reduce the environmental impact of concrete. Over 300 million tons of industrial wastes are being produced per annum by chemical and agricultural process in India. These materials possess problems of disposal problem. Paper fibers can be recycled only a limited number of times because the fibers become too short to make high quality paper............

[1]. R. Srinivasan, K. Sathiya, and M. Palanisamy, Experimental investigation in developing low cost concrete from paper industry waste, The Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy, Construction. Architecture Section (Romania),2010.
[2]. R.S. Gallardo, Mary Ann Q Adajar, Structural performance of concrete with paper sludge as fine aggregates partial replacement enhanced with admixtures, Symposium on Infrastructure Development and the Environment, University of the Philippines, December 2006.
[3]. T.R. Naik, T. Friberg, and Y. Chun, Use of pulp and paper mill residual solids in production of cellucrete, College of Engineering andApplied Science, University of Wisconsin, USA-11 December 2003.
[4]. T.R. Naik, Concrete with paper industry fibrous residuals: mixture proportioning, ACI Materials Journal, 102 (4), July 2005,237-243.
[5]. Y. Chun, T.R. Naik, and R.N. Kraus, Durable concrete through use of pulp and paper mill residuals, composites in construction 2005 – third international conference, Hamelin et al (eds) © 2005 ISBN, Lyon, France, July 11 – 13,2005.

The semi-diurnal tidal range is small along the Turkish coastline, being in the order of 30 cm. Therefore, sea level changes, are largely influenced by changes in air pressure and wind parameters. In this study, meteorological changes are related to seawater level changes. İzmir Bay located in the Aegean Sea of Turkey is chosen as the application area. Sea level, wind speed and direction, and pressure data of 1999-2016 measured at Menteş Station in the Bay have been analyzed. Hourly wind speed and direction measurements at nearby meteorological station have been used as well in the long term wind analyses. The twenty-five-hour moving average filter is applied to eliminate the tidal effects on the sea level measurements............

[1]. Sumich JL 1996 An Introduction to the Biology of Marine Life Six the dition Dubuque,IA: Wm. C. Brown. pp. 30-35.
[2]. Wolanski E and Elliott M 2016 Estuarine water circulation Estuarine Ecohydrologypp 35-76
[3]. TsimplisM N, Proctor R andFlather R A 1995 A two‐ dimensionaltidal model fortheMediterraneanSeaJournal of Geophysical Research Oceanspp 16223-239.
[4]. Alpar B, Burak S and Gazioğlu C 1997 Effect of wethersystem on theregime of sealevelvariations in İzmir Bay TurkishJournal of Marine Sciences3(2)pp83-92
[5]. Alpar B and Yüce H 1996 Sealevel variations in the eastern coasts of the Aegean Sea Estuarine Coastaland Shelf Science 42 pp 509-21.

For decades, several attempts have been made to create biaxial slabs with hollow cavities in order to reduce the weight. Bubble deck slab is a method of virtually eliminating all concrete from the tension zone of a slab, which is not performing any structural function, thereby dramatically reducing structural dead weight. Polypropylene hollow spheres replace the in-effective concrete in the centre of the slab, thus decreasing the dead weight and increasing the efficiency of the floor. By introducing the gaps, it leads to 30 to 50% lighter slab which reduces the loads on the columns, walls and foundations, and of course of the entire building. This paper is to discuss about the various properties of Bubble deck slab.

[1]. Churakov, "Biaxial hollow slab with innovative types of voids", Construction of Unique Buildings ad structures, Vol. 6(21), Pp. 70-88, 2014.
[2]. AmerM. Ibrahim, Nazar K Ali, Wissam D Salman, "Flexural capacities of reinforced concrete two-way bubble deck slabs of plastic spherical voids", Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 06,Pp 9-20, June 2013.
[3]. Chung J.H., Choi H.K., Lee S.C, "Shear Capacity of Biaxial Hollow Slab with Donut Type Hollow Sphere", Procedia Engineering, Vol. 14, Pp. 2219-2222, 2011.
[4]. L R Terec, M A Terec, "The bubble deck floor system: A brief presentation", Construction, Vol 2, Pp 33-40, 2013.
[5]. Martina Schnellenbach-Held and Karsten Pfeffer, "Punching behaviour of biaxial hollow slabs" Cement and Concrete Composites, Volume 24, Issue 6, Pages 551-556, December 2011.