In this paper, the DE optimization technique is effectively used to solve the optimal power flow problem by incorporating Facts device i.e. SSSC to enhance the performance of the power system. The standard IEEE 30-bus test system is considered to examine proposed approach without and with SSSC FACTS device. Results show that proposed DE algorithm gives better solution than other algorithms to enhance the system performance with SSSC device.

[1]. N.Li, Y.Xu, and H.Chen (2000), "FACTS Based Power Flow Control in Interconnected Power Systems", IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 257-262, Feb.

[2]. N. G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, "Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems", IEEE Press, New- York, 2000.

[3]. Hsiao-Dong Chiang and Rene Jean Jumeau, "Toward a practical performance index for detecting voltage collapse in electric power systems", IEEE Transactions on power systems, Vol.10, No.21, 1992, pp.584-592.

[4]. P Kessel and H Glavitsch, "Estimating the voltage stability of a power system", IEEE Trans. on PD, Vol.1, No.3, pp.346-354, 1986.

[5]. IEEE Power Engineering Society/CIGRE, "FACTS Overview", IEEE Service Centre, Piscataway, N.J., 1995, Special issue, 95TP108....

With the opening of the markets, today, the problems of the company are to be competitive under the best conditions of production, quality, cost and the shortest times to satisfy its customers. Unfortunately, the industrial plants are disturbed by dysfunctions, which affect quoted conditions. A fact the unavailability of the machines comes to cut down the output heavily and thus to increase the cost price. It is one of the major plagues of industry. Our objective is to guarantee the availability of the machines, stake major of the production, by decreasing to the maximum the expenditure related to the purchases and operations of maintenance, while setting up an effective system of management of maintenance, using the vibratory signal. The use of the methods of signal processing emitted by the bodies of the machines, enable us to extract from information on the operating condition of these machines, and thus to envisage the early appearance of the dysfunctions, even an intervention advisedly, while following the evolution in the time of the symptoms of drift of state of the equipment: A better targeted maintenance, it is less unavailability; a controlled maintenance, they is less expenditure.

[1]. R. Chaib, A. Benretem, S. Teyar and I Verzea, Management of maintenance by vibratory analysis box: has planetary reducer, World Journal of Engineering.Vol.4, N.1 (2007), pp 22-27.Sun Publishing Light, Canada. ISSN: 1708-5284.
[2]. A. Despujols, Method of optimization of the strategies of maintenance, Technique of the engineer, MT 9 050, 2005.
[3]. A.Tomache, Communication EMS-ERCE, Symposium on the plant maintenance, Aeid-iap.Algiers, 21-23, January 2001.
[4]. S.Elfezazi et al..Towards a tool, based on the functional analysis, for the placement of the indicators of measurement of performance of the function maintenance.French review of industrial management.Vol.22, N3/2003.
[5]. R. Chaïb, M. Benidir, N Boulkroune and I.Verzea, To determine the priority of the actions of maintenance, Formalization of a method of hierarchisation of the actions realized starting from the analysis of the dysfunctions of the belt conveyors of 4 cement factories, 18th Forum (inter)national of maintenance 2006, Exhibition site, Paris, November 7-8 and 9......

Hospital infection is by large bacterial or viral infection which develops during the patient stay at hospital or soon after leaving. The total statistical figure of patient in today's world acquiring infections during their hospital stay is frightening and one of the important reasons for that is lack of guaranteed barrier materials. Plasma treatments can answer the demand of textile industry. Besides the base function of dressing people, textiles contribute to human health and safety, protecting from exposure to dangerous environments. Important requirements for protective apparel are barrier effectiveness and comfort for the wearer. Bamboo species the advantage of bamboo as a raw material include its fast renewability, its biodegradability and its organic status. The advantages of bamboo fabric are its antimicrobial properties, better moisture management and anti-static properties. These advantages make bamboo an ideal choice for application in medical textiles compared to other fibres. Bamboo woven fabric treated with fluorocarbon finish by padding mangle method and then it undergone to a Low pressure plasma treatment process by with SF6 gas, from that super hydrophobic features are readily achieved on the fabric. Barrier effectiveness with comfort, antimicrobial, sterilizing effect is moving towards high value added product segments in medical garments. E.g. Patient wear, surgical wear, hospital workers wear etc.

[1]. Anand S C, Medical Textiles 96 (Woodhead Publishing Ltd Cambridge), 1997, pp.3-6.
[2]. American Convertors - ISO•BAC™ Literature, August 1980.
[3]. AORN Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, March, 1975, p. 594.
[4]. Bhat, N.V., and Benjamin, Y.N. 1989, Indian J Text. Res. pp1-14.
[5]. Collier, B.J., Collier, J.R., Agarwal, P., and Lo,Y.W. 1992, Textile Research Journal, 62, pp.741.....

Bacillus subtilus, a mineral precipitating microorganism, when introduced into concrete produces calcium carbonate crystals which seals the micro cracks and pores in the concrete. This process imparts high strength and durability to bacteria treated concrete along with enhancement in other mechanical properties. In order to study one such mechanical property, the stress-strain behavior of bacterial concrete, appropriate analytic stress-strain model is established that capture the real (observable) behavior. In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a mathematical model for predicting the stress-strain behaviour of bacteria induced high strength concrete. This research mainly aims at utilizing the best attributes of earlier models and proposes a new stress-strain model that can well represent the overall stress-strain behavior of high strength bacterial concrete mixes. After obtaining the stress-strain behavior of controlled and bacterial concrete experimentally, empirical equations are developed to represent uni-axial stress-strain behavior of controlled and bacterial concrete mixes. From these empirical equations, theoretical stresses for controlled and bacterial concrete are calculated and compared with experimental values. The proposed equations have shown good correlation with experimental values validating the mathematical model developed. The proposed empirical equations can be used as stress block in analyzing the flexural behavior of controlled and bacterial concrete.

[1]. ACI Committee 363, "State-of-the-Art Report on High Strength Concrete," ACI Journal, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 364-411, July-August, 1984.
[2]. Attard, M. M. & Setunge, S. 1996. Stress-strain relation-ship of confined and unconfined concrete. ACI Mate-rials Journal 93(5): 432-442.
[3]. Carreira D, Chu K-H. Stress-strain relationship for plain concrete in compression, ACI Journal, No. 6, 82(1985)797-804.
[4]. Hsu L S, Hsu C T T 1994 Complete stress–strain behaviour of high strength concrete under compression. Mag. Concr. Res. 46: 301–312
[5]. K. K. B. Dahl, "Uniaxial Stress-Strain Curves for Normal and High Strength Concrete," ABK Report no. R282, Department of Structural Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 1992.....

Polymer blend electrolyte films, based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a host polymer complexed with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as salt were prepared using solution – casting technique. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as a solvent. The complexations of these films were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The increase in amorphicity with increase in PVC content was observed through XRD studies. The ionic conductivities of the prepared samples were measured using AC impedance analyser in the frequency range of 1Hz – 10MHz. Among the three blend ratios studied, PVC (37.5%) – PEO (37.5%) – LiClO4 (25%) exhibited a maximum ionic conductivity as 6.5 x 10-6 Scm-1 at room temperature. This was supported through XRD, FTIR and SEM studies.

[1]. F.M. Gray, Polymer electrolytes, Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1993.
[2]. X. Hou, K.S. Siow, "Novel Interpenetrating Polymer Network electrolytes", Polymer, Vol. 42, pp.4181, Apr. 2001.
[3]. J.-H. Ahn, G.X. Wang, H.K. Liu, S.X. Dou, "Nanoparticle-dispersed PEO polymer electrolytes for Li batteries", J. Power. Sources, Vol. 119-121, pp. 422-426, Jun. 2003.
[4]. M. Alagmir, K.M. Abraham, Lithium batteries, new materials, development and prospective, In: Postoia G (eds), Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1994.
[5]. Abraham, K. M., "Applications of electro active polymers", In: Scrosati B (eds), London, U.K., Chapman and Hall, 1993.....

This paper presents a Design of a Unified Power Quality conditioner-right (UPQC-R) connected to three-phase four-wire system(3P4W) will makes the neutral current to zero, load balancing, mitigation of voltage, current harmonics, mitigation of voltage sag, and voltage swell in a three-phase four-wire distribution system for different combinations of linear and non-linear loads. A new control strategy is proposed to the control algorithm for series active power filter (APF) is based on unit vector template generation to compensate the current unbalance present in the load currents by expanding the concept of single phase P-Q theory. The MATLAB/Simulink based simulations are provided which supports the functionality of the UPQC-R. In this paper four cases like linear balanced, linear unbalanced, nonlinear balanced and nonlinear unbalanced conditions are studied. Also voltage sag, voltage swell and zero neutral current waveforms are presented.

[1]. V. Khadkikar, P. Agarwal, A. Chandra, A. Barry, and T. Nguyen, "Simple new control technique for unified power qualityconditioner(UPQC),"inProc.11thInt. Conf.Harmonics Quality Power, Sep. 12–15,2004, pp. 289–293.
[2]. B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, and A. Chandra, "A review of active power filters for power quality improvement," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 45,no. 5, pp. 960–971, Oct. 1999..
[3]. H.Akagi,Y.Kanazawa,andA.Nabae,"Instantaneousreactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components,"IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. IA-20, no. 3, pp. 625–630,May/Jun. 1984.
[4]. Hideaki Fujita, Member, IEEE, and Hirofumi Akagi, Fellow, IEEE, "The Unified Power Quality Conditioner: The Integration of Series- and Shunt-Active Filters," IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics, Vol. 13, no. 2, March 1998.....

The behaviour of ultrasonic wave propagation through liquid solution has become an important tool for studying physical and chemical properties of liquid solutions. The density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity of of cholesteryl oleyl carbonate have been studied. From the experimental data various thermo acoustical parameters such as free volume, internal pressure and Rao's constant and Wada's constant have been evaluated. Molecular interactions in aqueous cholesteryl oleyl carbonate in terms of these thermo-acoustical parameters have been discussed.

[1]. Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 8th edition, edited byRobert.

[2]. P. K. Mishra, A. Dash, B. Behra, B. B. Swain and V. Chakravortty, Acoustics lett., 19 (1995) 99.
[3]. S. Baluja and S. Oza, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2005, 200 (1), 49-54
[4]. M. K. Ravat and Sangeeta, Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 2008, 46, 187-192
[5]. A. Ali and A. K. Nain, Acoustic lett. , 1996, 19-53....

Present piece of work is done to check the effects of Organics on the growth of Soyabean 9560 in kharif 2009, 2010 and 2011. For this different types of Organics have been selected namely organic compost and vermicompost also these were prepared so as to exclude the use of synthetic inputs on soil. Present work explores Organic farming of Soyabean. Organic farming is the form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control. Organic farming excludes or strictly limits the use of manufactured (synthetic) fertilizers, pesticides (which include herbicides, insecticides and fungicides), plant growth regulators such as hormones, livestock antibiotics, food additives, genetically modified organisms, human sewage sludge, and Nano materials. In the present work gradual increase in Protein, Fat and Fiber content of soyabean 9560 is observed by the combined use of organics, and it is also an eco-friendly greener approach for environmental protection.

[1]. Adhya T.K. and A. Ghosh (2009), "Organic Ricing in India", Agricultural Year Book p.153.
[2]. Marwaha, B.C. and Jat, S.L. (2004). "Statistics and scope of organic farming in India". Fertilizer News 49(11): pp.41-48.
[3]. Prasad, R. (1996), "Cropping systems and sustainability of agriculture". Indian Farming 46: pp. 39-45.
[4]. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Text book on Modern concept of Agriculture, Organic Farming (2007).
[5]. Prasad, R. (2005). "Organic farming vis-à-vis modern agriculture". Current Science 89: pp.252-254.....

The behaviour of ultrasonic wave propagation through liquid solution has become an important tool for studying physical and chemical properties of liquid solutions. The density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity of of cholesteryl oleyl carbonate have been studied. From the experimental data various thermo acoustical parameters such as free volume, internal pressure and Rao's constant and Wada's constant have been evaluated. Molecular interactions in aqueous cholesteryl oleyl carbonate in terms of these thermo-acoustical parameters have been discussed.

[1]. Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 8th edition, edited byRobert.

[2]. P. K. Mishra, A. Dash, B. Behra, B. B. Swain and V. Chakravortty, Acoustics lett., 19 (1995) 99.
[3]. S. Baluja and S. Oza, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2005, 200 (1), 49-54
[4]. M. K. Ravat and Sangeeta, Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 2008, 46, 187-192
[5]. A. Ali and A. K. Nain, Acoustic lett. , 1996, 19-53....

Cluster-based mechanisms in ad hoc networks not only make a large network appear smaller, but more importantly. In our scheme, each MN is disseminated to predict its own mobility pattern, and this information is disseminated to its neighbors using a scalable clustering algorithm. The work proposes a prediction based Clustering Approach for Route Discovery Protocol (CARDP)using Mobile Agent in Mobile ad-hoc Network. This paper presents a scalable way to predict mobility, and thus availability of MNs which is achieved with the virtual cluster and it is named as (b,e,m) model. Here we compare our work with other three algorithms in term of cluster head stability. Our clustering algorithm enables adaptability, autonomy, economy, scalability and survivability requirements in managing ad hoc networks by adopting Mobile Agent–Based clustering Approach. In our result cluster stability is measured and improved using clustering.

[1]. S.Sivavakeesar, G.Pavlou, and Liotta, "Stable Clustering Through Mobility Prediction for Large-Scale Multihop Intelligent Ad Hoc Networks|", IEEE WCNC 2004, in press.
[2]. Muhammad Arshad ,Nasrullah Armi, Nidal Kamel and N. M.Saad."Mobile data collector based routing protocol for
[3]. wireless sensor networks".Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 6(29), pp. 6162-6175, 30 November, 2011.
[4]. G.Santhi and Alamelu Nachiappan ,"Adaptive QoS Multicast Routing with Mobility Prediction in MANET" ,Int.
[5]. Journal of Ad hoc, Sensor & Ubiquitous Computing, 2010,vol.1,No.3......

In this paper, the fired clay brick under sodium sulphate and chloride salt attack were investigated. Chemical changes that occur in specimen at the microstructure level due to environmental effects are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis at the age of 180 days. For the durability of specimens under sodium chloride and sulphate attack, 5, 10, and 15% solutions were used. The results show that the formation of halite and thenardite can strongly affect the performance of specimens. However, the combination of sodium sulphate-chloride produced a double compound in the specimens.

[1]. Espinosa, R. M., Franke L., & Deckelmann, G. (2008) Phase changes of salts in porous materials: Crystallization, hydration and deliquescence. Journal of Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 22, pp. 1758–1773.
[2]. Rijniers, L. A., Huinink, H. P., Pel, L., & Kopinga, K. (2005) Experimental evidence of crystallization pressure inside porous media. Physical Review Letters. The American Physical Society. pp. 1-4.
[3]. Buchwald, A., & Kaps, C. (2000) The ion mobility of deteriorating salts in masonry materials of different moisture content., Material for Building and Structure. Euromat 99, Vol. 6, pp. 157-162.
[4]. DeVekey, R. C. (2008) Brickwork and Blockwork. Construction Materials; Their Nature and Behaviour. Third Edition, Spone Press, New York.
[5]. Bucea, L., Sirivivatnanom, V., & Khatri, R. (2005) Building materials deterioration due to salts attack laboratory experimental program, Internal Technical Report. CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology , CMIT 2005-165.....

Based on literature review and data collection, this study enabled university students and their parents to understand the causes and severity of obesity. This study collected various factors affecting obesity. In addition, this study also established the model affecting obesity based on the characteristics of learning ability, classification and predication of back-propagation neural network in order to provide such information as reference for obese people to lose weight. This study used sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey on obese students, in order to investigate their personal living habits and dietary habits. This study used the back-propagation neural network software – Alyuda NeuroIntelligence for the analysis, pre-processing, design, training and verification of data, in order to find out the correlation between the sum of these factors and obesity (in percentage), and used the model as the basis. The data collected from the questionnaires completed by the subjects were input into the model established in this study, in order to understand which individual habit combinations are the factors leading to obesity, as well as to provide such information as the reference for weight control.

[1]. Anthea Wang, Linda S. Kinsinger, Leila C. Kahwati, Sandeep R. Das, Ziya Gizlice, Richard T. Harvey, Mary B. Burdick, Steven J. Yevich, "Obesity and Weight Control Practices in 2000 Among Veterans Using VA Facilities", Obesity Research, Vol. 13, Issue 8, pp. 1404-1411, 2005.
[2]. Elissa Jelalian, Chantelle N. Hart, Robyn S. Mehlenbeck, Elizabeth E. Lloyd-Richardson, Jamie D. Kaplan, Katherine T. Flynn-O'Brien, Rena R. Wing, "Predictors of Attrition and Weight Loss in an Adolescent Weight Control Program", Obesity, Vol. 16, Issue 6, pp. 1318-1323, 2008.
[3]. Suzanne Phelan, "Pregnancy: a "teachable moment" for weight control and obesity prevention", American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 202, Issue 2, pp. 135.e1-135.e8, 2010.
[4]. Pamela J. Goodwin, Anne McTiernan, Rena Wing and Arthur Schatzkin, "Physical Activity, Weight Control, and Breast Cancer Risk and Survival: Clinical Trial Rationale and Design Considerations", JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst., Vol. 101, No. 9, pp. 630-643, 2009.
[5]. Anna S. Mueller, Jennifer Pearson, Chandra Muller, Kenneth Frank, Alyn Turner, "Sizing up Peers Adolescent Girls' Weight Control and Social Comparison in the School Context", Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 64-78, 2010....

A number of new technologies are being integrated by the telecommunications industry as it prepares for the next generation mobile services. One of the key changes incorporated in the multiple channel access techniques is the choice of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for the air interface. This paper presents a survey of various multiple channel access schemes for 4G networks and explains the importance of these schemes for the improvement of spectral efficiencies of digital radio links. The paper also discusses about the use of Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques to improve signal reception and to combat the effects of multipath fading. A comparative performance analysis of different multiple access schemes such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), FDMA, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) & Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is made vis-à-vis design parameters to highlight the advantages and limitations of these schemes. Finally simulation results of implementing some access schemes in MATLAB are provided.

[1]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_access_method
[2]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
[3]. Willie W Lu "4G Mobile research in Asia", IEEE Communications Magazine, March 2003
[4]. www.telenor.com/telektronikk/Oien_Beyond3G.pdf
[5]. [MOBICOM 2005] R. Chakravorty, S. Agarwal, S. Banerjee and I. Pratt, \MoB: A Mobile Bazaar for Wide-area Wireless Services", Proceedings of ACM Mobicom, Sep. 2005.....