Video watermarking is relatively a new technology that has been proposed to solve the problem of illegal manipulation and distribution of digital video. It is the process of embedding copyright information in video bit streams. In this paper, we propose two effective, robust and imperceptible video watermarking algorithms. The two algorithms are based on the algebraic transform of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). In the first algorithm, watermark bit information are embedded in the SVD-transformed video in a diagonalwise fashion, and in the second algorithm bits are embedded in a blocks-wise fashion. The performance of the two roposed algorithms was evaluated with respect to imperceptibility, robustness and data payload. Both algorithms howed similar but high level of imperceptibility, however their performance varied with respect to robustness and payload. The diagonal-wise based algorithm achieved better robustness results, while the block-wise algorithm gave higher data payload rate.

[1]. Langelaar, G., I. Setyawan, and R. Lagendijk, 2000. "Watermarking Digital Image and Video Data: A State-f-Art Overview", IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 17, pp. 20-46.
[2]. V. Potdar, S. Han, and E. Chang, 2005. "A Survey of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques", in Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, pp. 709-716.
[3]. M. Ramkumar and A. Akansu, 2004. "A Robust Protocol for Proving Ownership of Multimedia Content", IEEE Trans. Multimedia 6, pp. 496-478.
[4]. L. Qiao and K. Nahrstedt, 1998. "Watermarking Schemes and Protocols For Protecting Rightful Ownership and Customer's Rights", Journal of Visual Commun. and Image Represent 9, pp.194– 210.
[5]. M. Arnold, M. Schumucker, and S. Wolthusen, 2003. "Techniques and Applications of Digital Watermarking and Content Protection". Artech House.....

In recent years, both academic and commercial sectors have recognized the importance of Technology Management, which has seen significant progress under the efforts of relevant organizations. To obtain quantified data to demonstrate the development of technology management, this study explored the intellectual structure of Technology Management research over the last decade by identifying the most important publications, the most influential scholars, and the correlations among the publications in which these scholars appeared. We employed techniques based on bibliometry and social network analysis to identify the intellectual literary pillars in the field of technology management. Our analysis included 29,572 citations in 1,167 articles published in SCI and SSCI journals between 2002 and 2011. We used our results to map a knowledge network of studies related to Technology Management in order to reveal current trends and provide a valuable resource for researchers seeking to access literature in this area. We hope that the results of our research will enable more scholars of technology management to publish their research in international journals.

Citation analysis, co-citation analysis, technology management, intellectual structure, bibliometric techniques, social network analysis.

[1]. J. Broch, D. A. Maltz, D. B. Johnson, Y. C. Hu, and J. Jetcheva, "A performance comparison of multihop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols," Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 85-98, 1998.
[2]. S. R. Das, C. E. Perkins, and E. M. Royer, "Performance comparison of two on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc networks," Proceedings of INFOCOM 2000 9th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, vol. 1, pp. 3-12, 2000.
[3]. E. Gholifar, S. Y. Hedjazi, S. M. Hoseini, and A. Rezaei, "Human resource development: Faculty members' psychological empowerment in Iran's colleges," African Journal of Business Management, pp. 12249-12255, 2011.
[4]. S. J. Lee and M. Gerla, "Split multipath routing with maximally disjoint paths in ad hoc networks," ICC 2002 IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 10, pp. 3201-3205, 2002.
[5]. J. Li, J. Jannotti, D. S. J. De Couto, D. R. Karger, and R. Morris, "A scalable location service for geographic ad hoc routing," Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 120-130, 2000....

The definition of nanocomposites has broadened significantly to encompass a large variety of systems such as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional and amorphous materials, made of distinctly dissimilar components and mixed at the nanometer scale. This research presents a detailed definition of nanocomposites, its origin, classification, properties, benefits, as well as its future. With the proper choice of
compatibilizing chemistries, the nanometer-sized clay platelets interact with polymers in unique ways. The paper shows that the application possibilities for packaging include food and non-food films and rigid containers. In the engineering plastics arena, a host of automotive and industrial components can be considered, making use of lightweight, impact, scratch-resistant and higher heat distortion performance characteristics. In plastics the advantages of nanocomposites over conventional ones don't stop at strength. The high heat resistance and low flammability of some nanocomposites also make them good choices to use as insulators and wire coverings.

Nanocomposites, nanoparticles, biomineralization, nanomer, polymer.

[1]. Acquarulo Jr, L. and O'Neil, J. (2002) Enhancing Medical Device with Nanocomposite Polymers: Advances in Compounding Medical Plastics with Nanoclay Filters are Pushing the Materials Envelope for Minimally Invasive Devices [Online] http://www.devicelink.com/mddi/archive/02/05/00.html [Accessed 6 Sept. 2013]
[2]. Briell, B. (2000) Nanoclays - Counting on Consistency [Online] http://www.nanoclay.com/pubs/Nanoclays%20-%20Counting%20on%20Consistency.htm [Accessed 16 Sept. 2013]
[3]. Capanescu, C. & Capanescu, I. (2002) Nano-clays in Polyester Gelcoats [Online] http://www.pcimag.com/CDA/ArticleInformation/features/BNP__Features__Item/0,1846,78343,00.html [Accessed 20 Sept. 2013]
[4]. Nanocor, Nanocomposites [Online] http://www.nanocor.com/nanocomposites.asp [Accessed 20 Sept. 2013]
[5]. Cammarata R. (2006) Introduction to Nano Scale Science and Technology Springer Publishers, USA...

Most models of rainfall intensity are empirical equations which are not dimensionally balanced. Some researchers had come up with relationships of rainfall intensity with duration which could predict very well but dimensionally, such models are not balanced. This research took cognizance of this problem and applied dimensional analysis to develop models of rainfall intensity for the cities of Warri, Benin City and Port Harcourt in South South Nigeria. The statistical method of regression was used to fit the data collected. These models have limitations of three-parameter models; rainfall amount and duration must be known before rainfall intensity can be evaluated, but the models are scientifically more acceptable because of their being dimensionally balanced. The models also relate the field data very well.

Rainfall intensity, Dimensional Analysis, Regression.

[1]. Burton A, Fowler HJ, Blenkinsop S, Kilsby CG (2010).Downscalling transient climate change using Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulses stochastic rainfall model. J. of Hydro, 381(1-2):18-32.
[2]. Featherstone RE, Nalluri C (1998). Civil Engineering Hydraulics.3rd Ed. Blackwell Science Ltd.

[3]. Hershfield DM (1961). Estimating the Probable maximum Precipitation. J. of the Hyd. Div. Proceeding of the ASCE, HY5:99-116.
[4]. Nwaogazie IL (2011). Probability and Statistics for Science and Engineering Practice, 3rd Ed. University of Port Harcourt Press, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
[5]. Nwaogazie IL, Duru EO (2002). Developing Rainfall Intensity Duration-Frequency Models for Port Harcourt City, NSE Technical Transactions,37(2):19-32....

Satellites for communication services have evolved quite significantly in size and power since the launch of the first commercial satellites in 1965. This has permitted a consequent reduction in the size of earth stations, and hence their cost, with a consequent increase in number. Small stations, with antennas in the order of 1.2–1.8 m, have become very popular under the acronym VSAT, which stands for 'Very Small Aperture Terminals'. Such stations can easily be installed at the customer's premises and, considering the inherent capability of a satellite to collect and broadcast signals over large areas, are being widely used to support a large range of services. Examples are broadcast and distribution services for data, image, audio and video, collection and monitoring for data, image and video, two-way interactive services for computer transactions, data base inquiry, internet access and voice communications. This work will give brief summary of the installation process of VSAT.

VSAT, Networks, Computers, Antenna, Modem, Receiver, Transmitter, etc.

[1]. [ITU00] (2000) Radio communications Regulations, International Telecommunication Union, Geneva.
[2]. [JON88] Jones, L. (1988) VSAT technology for today and for the future, Part V: Planning and implementing the network, Communications News, 25(2), 44–47.
[3]. [MAR93] Maral, G. and Bousquet, M. (1993) Satellite Communications Systems, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
[4]. [MAR02] Maral, G. and Bousquet, M. (2002) Satellite Communications Systems, 4th edition, Wiley, Chichester.
[5]. [RAY87] Raychauduri, D. and Joseph, K. (1987) Ku-band satellite terminals. Part 1: Multi access protocols, International Journal of Satellite Communications, 5, 195–212....

The main objective of the paper is synchronize the RAM controller. In general the speed of fetching the data from memories is not able to match up with processors. So there is a need to synchronizes the processor speed and memory speed with the help of a controller. Apart from achieving the synchronization between processor and memory a novel feature of in-built cache memory is also included in design, which could increases the overall efficiency of the controller. The responsibility of the controller is to match the speed of the processor on one side and memory on the other side so that the communication can take place seamlessly. Hear we have built a memory controller which is specifically targeted for DRAM. Certain novel features were included in the design which could increase the overall efficiency of the controller. Such as, searching the internal memory of the controller for the requested data for the most recently used data instead of going to the RAM to fetch it. The design was implemented on Xilinx ISE till the final simulation and synthesis.

DRAM, VLSI, FPGA, FIFO, FSM, Memory.

[1]. B. Keeth and R. J. Baker, "DRAM Circuit Design", IEEE Press Series on Microelectronic Systems", New York, 2000

[2]. "Jedec standard: double data rate (DDR) SDRAM specification", (revision of jesd79b), jedec solid state technology association,march 2003,
[3]. J. Hassoun, "Virtex Synthesizable High Performance SDRAM Controller", Xilinx (white paper), may 7,1999.
[4]. K. Palanisamy and R. Chiu, "High-Performance DDR2 SDRAM Interface in Virtex-5 Devices", xilinx, may 8,2008.

[5]. A. Cosoroaba, "Memory Interfaces Made Easy with Xilinx FPGAs and the Memory Interface Generator",xilinx,February 16, 2007....

In this paper, Digital Down Converter (DDC) for Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) signals is designed. WCDMA is a 3rd generation technology for mobile communication. The DDC shall be designed in MATLAB. The proposed DDC design consists of a WCDMA source, AWGN channel and data rate conversion system. Decimation system consists of Halfband decimation Filter and Root Raised Cosine (RRC) decimation/pulse shaping filter.The results shows a signal of sampling frequency 61.44 Msps is down converted to a sampling frequency of 7.68 Msps. Chain of two Halfband decimation filters of decimation factor 2 each and RRC decimation filter of decimation factor 2 is designed. Overall decimation factor of 8 is obtained by cascaded chain of decimation filters. Output response of designed DDC is observed. EVM and SNR parameter values are obtained and compared.

Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO), Digital down converter (DDC), Finite Impulse Response filter(FIR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Root Raised Cosine(RRC) , Halfband Filters, Intermediate Frequency (IF).

[1]. LIN Fei-yu , "Efficient Wcdma Digital Down Converter Design Using System Generator" International Confrence on Space Science and Communication,Oct 2009.
[2]. Yih-Min Chen , "Design of lowpass filter for digital down converter in OFDM receivers" International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, Vol . 2 ,pp. 1094 – 1099, June 2005.
[3]. Malki, E.S. , "Implementation of op timized triple-mode Digital Down Converter for WCDMA, CDMA2000 and GSM of SDR" International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM) ,Dec. 2010.
[4]. Qian Yu , "A programmable digital down-converter for SDR receivers" IEEE 11th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT), Nov 2012.
[5]. Long Pang , "A highly efficient digital down converter in wide band digital radar receiver" IEEE 11th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), Vol.3 , pp. 1795 - 1798 ,Oct. 2012.....

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) is 3rd generation technology for wireless communications. Digital up converter (DUC) is integral part of WCDMA. In this thesis, DUC for WCDMA system is designed. The DUC is designed in MATLAB. The proposed DUC design consists of WCDMA system and up conversion filters. Up conversion system consists of pulse shaping filter (Root Raised Cosine) and three halfband filters. RRC filter has a interpolation factor 2. Halfband filters are a type of Finite Impulse Response (FIR). Hence the signal is upsampled by a factor of 16. The result shows the up converted signal at 5 MHz bandwidth, up sampled with the rate of 16 with the upsampling frequency of 61.44 MSPS. ACLR and EVM values are obtained.

Digital up converter (DUC), Finite Impulse Response filter (FIR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Root Raised Cosine (RRC) Intermediate Frequency (IF).

[1]. LIN Fei-yu , "Efficient Wcdma Digital Down Converter Design Using System Generator" International Confrence on Space Science and Communication,Oct 2009.
[2]. D.B. Chester, "Digital IF Up Conversion for Economical Wireless Implementations", Southcon/96Conference Record,pp. 86-91, June 1996.
[3]. X.Xu, X.Xie, and F.Wang, "Digital Up and Down Converter in IEEE 802.16d", The 8th International Conference on Signal Processing, vol.1, pp. 16-20, 2006.
[4]. Santosh Y N , Cyril Prasanna Raj ,"Design and VLSI Implementation of interpolators /decimators for DUC / DDC" , Third International Conference on Emerging trends in Engineering and Technology, 2010.
[5]. Lin Fei-yu,"Efficient Design of Digital up Converter for WCDMA in FPGA Using System Generator", IEEE International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science,pp.1 - 4 ,Dec. 2009.....

The problem of finding the number of zeros of a polynomial in a given circle is of great interest in the theory of the distribution of zeros of polynomials. In this paper we consider the said problem under certain conditions on the coefficients of the polynomial or their real and imaginary parts and prove certain results that generalize some well-known results on the subject.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C10, 30C15.

Coefficient, Polynomial, Zero.

[1]. L.V.Ahlfors, Complex Analysis, 3rd edition, Mc-Grawhill
[2]. N. K. Govil and Q. I. Rahman, On the Enestrom- Kakeya Theorem, Tohoku Math. J. 20(1968),126- 136.
[3]. M. H. Gulzar, Some Results on the Zeros of Polynomials, International Journal of Advanced
Scientific and Technical Research, Vol.4 Issue 2 August 2012.