Research and development institutes/ organizations comprise large scale integrated system for experimental research. Indian manufacturing industries also comprise the same for mass production. Logic controllers, data acquisition and measurement instruments, switching devices, scaling machines, etc. are being used widely in industry. It needs to be controlled and monitored constantly during its operation round the clock for failsafe operation to improve productivity. Different types of interface modules have to be integrated with it for controlling purpose. It is needed to have a control system which constantly monitors each component of it. MODBUS protocol supported devices are available in market which provides ease of interfacing with any platform oriented data acquisition and control (DAC) system. It also supports different communication media which provides flexibility as well feasibility of integration with control system. It avails complete control of each physical component of the system on a mouse click event. User has the full fledge control to drive the system. This paper describes a case study of integration of MODBUS devices with large scale integrated control system with its comparison.

[1]. Anjali S. Ashtekar, Bhagsen J.Parvat, Chandrakant B. Kadu, "Application of MODBUS to Communicate the PLC and Lab VIEW for Real Time Process Control," International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) ISSN: 2319–6378, Volume-1, Issue-11, September 2013
[2]. http://modbus.org/docs/PI_MBUS_300.pdf
[3]. https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pymodbus
[4]. J. C. Yoon, J. Choi , J. W. Lee, and H. S. Kang Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea, " Improvement of RF Control System for the 20 MEV proton linac of PEFP," Proceedings of 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee
[5]. Gen-Yih Liao, Member, IEEE, Yu-Jen Chen, Wen-Chung Lu, and Tsung-Chieh Cheng, "Toward Authenticating the Master in the Modbus Protocol," IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 23, NO. 4, OCTOBER 2008

There has been an increasing use of induction generator particularly in wind power applications. In generator operation, a prime mover (turbine, engine) drives the rotor above the synchronous speed. Stator flux still induces currents in the rotor, but since the opposing rotor flux is now cutting the stator coils, active current is produced in stator coils, and motor now operates as a generator, and sends power back to the electrical grid. In this project, squirrel cage induction generator is used due to its simple and robustness and generator side field oriented control strategy is applied. And grid side unit vector template control strategy will apply in future.

Turbine, Squirrel Cage Induction Generator, Field Oriented Control Strategy

This paper describes the procedure and calculation to design earthing of a switchyard using MATLAB software and IEEE 80-2000. Using Primary data like area to be earthed, soil resistivity, diameter of earth rod, primary calculation is done and design is finalized based on safety criteria step and touch potential.

Earthing, MATLAB, Step Potential, Substation, Touch Potential

[1]. IEEE 80-2000 (S) Guide for safety in AC substation grounding.
[2]. Rabi Shankar Banerjee, Biswajit Mukherjee, Technical challenges and solutions obtained in Earthing design for various switchyard projects.
[3]. Vyas K.A., Jamnani J.G, Development of IEEE Complaint Software 'Economical Substation Grounding System Designer'
[4]. Using MATLAB GUI Development Environment, IJEEI Vol 4, 2012 CBPI 223(1992): Design of earthing mat for HV substation.
[5]. Electrical power substation design by B.R. Gupta, S.Chand Publications.

This paper describe how handwritten English character Recognition (HCR) processed, trained and then recognized using Back propagation method. Size and fonts are different in training the data and testing the data. In the present paper, we have given a method to recognize a handwritten character using back propagation method. It is developed for isolated handwritten English Characters (A to Z). Preprocessing of Recognition is used binarization, thresolding and segmentation method. Image are first converted into gray scale then features are extracted which are in form of 0 and 1. 780 hand written characters are used in database for characters then test the data and find the Recognition accuracy.

Neural network, back propagation method, Binaryzation, Recognition, HCR.

[1]. Verma B.K,\Handwritten Hindi Character Recognition Using Multilayer Perceptronand Radial Basis
Function Neural Network",IEEE International Conference on Neural Network, 4, pp. 2111-2115, 1995.
[2]. Sutha .J, Ramraj.N,\Neural Network Based Online Tamil Handwritten Character Recognition Syste, IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Application, 2007, 2, 13-15, Dec.2007, Page(s): 446-450, 2007.
[3]. Yuelong Li Jinping Li Li Meng,\Character Recognition Based on Hierarchical RBF Neural Networks" I ntelligent Systems Design and Applications, 2006. ISDA '06. Sixth International Conference, 1, On Page(s): 127-132, 2006.
[4]. Y.Y. Chung, and M.T.Wong,\Handwritten Character Recognition by Fourier De-scriptors and Neural
[5]. Network", Proceeding of IEEE TENCON - Speech and Image Technologies for C.

In this report the simulink model for the speed control of switched reluctance motor is carried out using different speed controller. The simulink model design for P, PI and PID controller separately and their performance result is compared with load and without load. The speed controllers applied here are based on conventional P and PI controller and other one is PID controller. As form of Simulation output we can check that the starting time is minimum for PID and maximum for P controller.

SRM(Switched Reluctance Motor), Control strategy, Genetic Algorithm, Speed Control.

[1]. R.Krishnan, ""Switched Reluctance Motor Drives, Modelling, Simulation, Analysis, Design, and Applications‟‟.
[2]. D. Kiruthika* and D. Susitra, "Speed Controller of Switched Reluctance Motor", Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 7(8), 1043–1048, August 2014.
[3]. Muhammad Rafiq, Saeed-ur-Rehman,Fazal-ur-Rehman, QarabRazaButt,"Performance Comparison Of PI and Sliding Mode for speed Control Application Of Switched Reluctance Motor", European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.50 No.3,2011.
[4]. Kannan.S, "Novel Rotor and Stator Swapped Switched Reluctance Motor", IEEE, 978-1-4673-4508-8/12,2012. [5]Uma maheshwararao,Y.S,KishorBabu,k.Amesh, "Sliding Mode Speed Control of DC Motor",IEEE ,2011
[5]. M. Rafiq, S.u.Rehman, Q. R. Butt, A. I. Bhatti ,"Power Efficient Sliding Mode Control of switched reluctance Motor for speed Control Application", IEEE,2009.

Industries like Process Plants, Steel & Aluminum Industries, Petrochemical & Chemical Industries and Cement Plant etc. which are involved in critical operation during manufacturing or production process need reliable & quality power. Interruption of Grid power or disturbance in power supply due to voltage & frequency variation may cause severe damage and loss in production as well as revenue. Most of these industries have installed Captive Power Plant (CPP) and it operates in parallel to State Electricity Board‟s (SEB) supply system. This paper describes how islanding mode of operation can be beneficial during problems arising due to Grid Disturbances while CPP operates parallel with SEB / Grid Supply System.

Captive Power Plant (CPP), Islanding mode, Grid Disturbance, Critical Loads, Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP)

...

This research Paper contains the voltage profile improvement in transmission line to implement FACTS device like TCSC and it's need to maintain the Reactive power and voltage stability. Voltage stability is the ability of a power system to maintain steady state voltages at all buses in the system under normal operating conditions and after being subjected to a disturbance. A system enter, a state of voltage instability when the disturbance increase in load demand or change in system condition causes a progressive and uncontrollable drop in voltage. The main factor causing instability is the ability of the power system in ability of the power system to meet the demand of reactive power. The angle stability it is a balance between reactive & active power that is mechanical input of the turbine or mechanical input from the turbine must be equal to electrical output from the generator, it is a real power balance. But for voltage stability we required the balance between the reactive power that is reactive power generated and the reactive power consumed in a system and in if in case the system is unable to maintain this balance then the problem of voltage instability occurs.In this paper IEEE-6 Bus system simulation has been done in PSAT Tools.

FACTS device,TCSC,Voltage profile ,Voltage Collapse,Voltage Instability

[1]. Saeed Lahdi, Affects Of TCSC Usages On Distance Protectionand Voltage Profile Of A System; A Novel, 2011. IEEE
[2]. Prechanon Kumkratug, Voltage Stability Of Long Transmission Line Equipped With A Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor, 2012 Science Publication.
[3]. Dipesh A. Patel, Voltage Stability Enhancement And Loss Minimization By Optimally Placed TCSC,Volume 3, Issue 11, November 2013)
[4]. Sandeep Gupta, Prof. R. K. Tripathi, Member, IEEE, and RishabhDevShukla, ―Voltage Stability Improvement in PowerSystems using Facts Controllers: State-of-the-Art Review‖ IEEE International conference on Power Control and Embedded system(ICPCES) 2010 ,Page(s): 1-8.
[5]. Garng Huang and Tong Zhu, ―TCSC as a Transient Voltage Stabilizing Controller‖ Power engineering Society Meeting,2001.IEEE Volume: 2 Page(s): 628 – 633

The Frequent growth of wireless technology and Mobile devices in this era is creating a huge impact on our lives. Some early efforts have been made to combine and utilize both of these technologies in advancement of hospitality industry. This research work aims to automate the food ordering process in restaurant and also improve the dining experience of customers. In this paper we discuss about the design & implementation of automated food ordering system with real time for restaurants. This system, implements wireless data access to servers. The android application on user's mobile will have all the menu details. The order details from customer's mobile are wirelessly updated in central database and subsequently sent to kitchen and cashier respectively. The restaurant owner can manage the menu modifications easily. The wireless application on mobile devices provides a means of convenience, improving efficiency and accuracy for restaurants by saving time, reducing human errors. The restaurants have two different departments that is cashier department and kitchen department. At the kitchen department, the order will display at the kitchen's screen. In communication with the first server are second and third servers for processing payments and transmitting orders to the restaurant for processing and fulfilment.

Point of Sale , WIFI , Magnetic Stripe Reader , Thermal Printer, Tablet , Wireless Food Ordering System

[1]. Ashutosh Bhargave, Niranjan Jadhav, Apurva Joshi, Prachi Oke, Prof. Mr. S. R Lahane :Digital Ordering System For Restaurants Using Android, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153.
[2]. Cormac O'Connell, Restaurant Assignment.
[3]. "QOrder" The portable ordering system for Android devices.

Among all the renewable resources, wind and solar are the most popular resources due to its ease of availability and its ease conversion into electricity. Each renewable resource uses DC/DC boost converter separately with MPPT control to generate power. To increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) system and wind energy system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is employed. Perturb and Observe MPPT technique is used for PV system in which dc voltage is used as perturbation variable. While in wind energy system, perturbation variable as a dc current is used in modified perturb and observe MPPT algorithm. Modified perturb and observe algorithm is stable and tracks fast for sudden wind speed change conditions. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique used with boost converter extracts maximum power from the source when it is available. Simulation of both the renewable energy sources is carried out separately in PSIM 9.0 with different MPPT types of techniques.

MPPT, Wind energy conversion system, Solar energy conversion system, Boost Converter, Simulation.

[1]. Akhilesh P. Patil, Rambabu A. Vatti and Anuja S. Morankar, "Simulation of wind solar hybrid systems using PSIM," in International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics Vol. 10, Issue. 3, April-2014.
[2]. Joanne Hui, Alireza Bakhshai, and Praveen K. Jain , "A hybrid wind-solar energy system: A new rectifier stage topology", 978-1-4244-4783-1/10©2010 IEEE.
[3]. Teena Jacob, Arun S, "Maximum power point tracking of hybrid PV and wind energy systems using a new converter topology", 978-1-4673-2636-0/12©2012 IEEE.
[4]. Texas Instrument, "Basic calculation of a boost converter's Power Stage", SLVA372C–November 2009– Revised January 2014.
[5]. Jacob James Nedumgatt, Jayakrishnan K. B. Umashankar S et. al. "Perturb and observe MPPT algorithm for solar PV systems-modeling and simulation".

Microstrip Antenna (MSA) is a simple radiating structure fabricated on the dielectric substrate with one side radiating patch element and another side ground plane. Micro strip patch antennas are of low weight, low cost, small size compare to other antennas. The limitations of MSA are narrow band, small gain and lower power handling capacity. This paper presents various array configuration of rectangular patch element. Simulation result shows that here maximum gain is about 9.8 dBi using FR4 substrate.

Array, Dielectric constant, Gain, Impedance matching, Patch, Return loss.

[1]. R.Garg, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House Boston, 2010
[2]. Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas. Kin-Lu Wong, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002 [3] C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, Willey Inter science, 3rd Edition, 2014.
[3]. Micro Strip Antennas by D M Pozar. John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
[4]. Carver, Mink "Microstrip Antenna Technology" IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation No. 1, January 1981.
[5]. Bahadir Yildirim and Bedri A. Cetiner "Enhanced Gain Patch Antenna With a Rect

Recent Communication system demands for transmission of high data rate within a given limited spectrum. When the channel bandwidth is close to the signal bandwidth it would result into Inter Symbol Interference. Therefore there is a need of proper Pulse shaping technique which allows transmitting data within a limited bandwidth with minimum Inter Symbol Interference. This paper includes the comparison of different pulses nominated by Beaulieu and Assalini that has better performance in terms of Inter Symbol Interference.

[1]. Assalini , Tonello, "Improved Nyquist Pulses", IEEE Communications letters, Vol 8, No.29, pp 87-89, Feb. 2004.
[2]. Beaulieu, Tan, and Damen, "A "Better Than" Nyquist, Pulse", IEEE Communications letters, Vol 5, No. 9 , pp 367 – 368, Sept. 2001
[3]. Chattopadhyay, Sanyal, "The Effect of Gaussian Pulse –Shaping Filter Roll-off Factor on the
[4]. Performance of QPSK Modulated System," IEEE Signal, Circuits and System, Vol-09, pp 1 – 4, 2009. Chopra, Tomar, "The Effect of Inter Symbol Interference on Optical Communication System,"
[5]. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2(7) , pp 1787-1789, 2013

In helical antenna mostly Metal wires are used. These are generally used as the radiator of helical antenna. helical antenna results like - Gain can be determined by the helical coil number namely the longer helical wire is the higher gain of antenna. However when the number of turns is too large the improvement of result is weak and the fabrication of antenna becomes very complicated.Axial-mode ferrite helical antenna will be employed to improve Bandwidth. To provide reliable communication. Simulation and optimizing of helix antenna will be done by electromagnetic software-Computer Simulation Technique (CST)MWS. Optimized results of return loss, gain, efficiency, etc. It can be improvise by proposed design of Helical antenna.

[1]. Alexandru Takacs, Nelson J. G. Fonseca, and Hervé Aubert, (2010) "Height Reduction of the Axial- Mode Open-Ended Quadrifilar Helical Antenna" IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 9
[2]. Constantine A. Balanis "ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN"
[3]. Jaejin Lee, Yang-Ki Hong, Seok Bae, Gavin S. Abo, Won-Mo Seong, and Gi-Ho Kim(2011) "Miniature Long-Term Evolution (LTE) MIMO Ferrite Antenna" IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 10.
[4]. John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka,( 2010) "Antennas and wave propagation" Fourth edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education Nicholas Neveu, Yang-Ki Hong, Jaejin Lee, Jihoon Park, Gavin Abo, Woncheol Lee, and David Gillespie(JULY 2013) "Miniature Hexaferrite Axial-Mode Helical Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 49, NO. 7
[5]. Parminder Singh HOD, Department of Electronics & Communication, Dwiet, Kharar, India (November
2012) " Single Band Helical Antenna in Axial Mode" International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT) Volume 2 Issue 6

The efficiency of solar PV panel is less because of change in environmental parameters. Hence, power from solar PV is unreliable and needs backup for system reliability. . This paper presents a control algorithm for maintaining constant voltage across DC-LINK in solar PV system. A PI controller is developed to control power flow. The proposed strategy is evaluated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and result is presented.

[1]. Jan Leuchter, Pavol Bauer, Petr Bojda and Vladimir Rerucha" BI-DIRECTIONAL DC- DC CONVERTERS FOR SUPERCAPACITOR BASED ENERGY BUFFER FOR ELECTRICAL GEN-SETS"power electronics and applications ,2777 europian conference.
[2]. Kong-Soon Ng, Yao-Feng Huang Chin-Sien Moo, and Yao-Ching Hsieh," An Enhanced Coulomb Counting Method for Estimating State-of-Charge and State-of Health of Lead-Acid Batteries",Telecommunications Energy Conference, 2009. INTELEC 2009. 31st International.
[3]. 4. Kong Soon Ng,Chin-Sien Moo,Yi-Ping Chen and Yao-Ching Hsieh," Enhanced coulomb counting method for estimating state-of-charge and state-of-health of lithium-ion batteries", Applied Energy 86 (2009) 1506–1511.
[4]. Khaled H. Ahmed, Stephen J. Finney and Barry W. Williams, Passive Filter Design for Three-Phase Inverter Interfacing in Distributed Generation, Journal of Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, Vol. XIII, No. 2, 2007, pp. 49-58.
[5]. V. Salas, E. Olı´as, A. Barrado and A. La´zaro, Review of the maximum power point tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells,Vol. 90, 2006, pp. 1555–1578.

Power quality is becoming a major concern of power system. Harmonics play an important and major roll in deteriorating power quality-called harmonic distortion. Harmonic distortion is measured in terms of THD (Total Harmonic Distortion). This paper presents design and simulation of passive filter for harmonic reduction. Single phase rectifier is chosen as a non-linear load and implemented in real world. Performance characteristics of the same have been compared with the simulation model. Design and application of passive filter is carried out. Performance of the passive filter is evaluated in terms of harmonic reduction at point of common coupling. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB environment.

[1]. D. C. Bhonsle, Dr. R. B. Kelkar and N. K. Zaveri, Power Quality Issues-In Distribution System, IE(I) 23rd National Convention of Electrical Engineers, Pune, November 2007 Proceedings, pp. 108-111.
[2]. Dalila Mat Said Ahmed, Abdullah asuhaimi, Mohd Zin, Power Supply Quality Improvement: Harmonic Measurement and Simulation, National Power and Energy Conference (PECon), 2003 Proceedings, Bangi, Malaysia, pp. 352-358.
[3]. C. Gopalkrishnan, K Udaykumar, T. A. Raghvendiran, Survey of Harmonic Distortion for Power Quality Measurement and Application of Standard including Simulation, 2001, Anna University, India.
[4]. L. A. Moran, J. W. Dixon, J. R. Espinoza, R. R. Wallace, Using Active Power Filter to Improve Power Quality, Santiago, Chile, 2000.
[5]. K. C. Umeh, A. Mohamed, R. Mohmed, Comparing The Harmonic Characteristics of Typical Single Phase Nonlinear Loads, National Power Energy Conference (PECon) 2003 Proceedings, Bangi, Malaysia, pp. 383-387.

Directional over-current relay plays a vital role in power system protection. These relays are used in power system protection. Here, an effort is proposed to develop practical panel for power system protection lab. It includes design simulation and implementation of directional over-current relay for parallel feeder protection.

[1] W. A. Elmore, Protective Relaying Theory and Applications, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.
[2] P. M. Anderson, Power System Protection. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.
[3] J. Horak, Directional over current relaying (67) concepts, in Proc. 59th IEEE Conf. Protective Relay Engineers, 2006[Page range?].
[4] Standard for Measuring Relays and Protection Equipment, no. 60255, Int. Eletrotechnical Commission (IEC), 2008.
[5] A. G. Phadke and J. S. Thorp, Synchronized Phasor Measurements and Their Applications. New York, Springer: , 2008.

Deregulation of power system in recent years has changed static security assessment to the major concerns for which fast and accurate evaluation methodology is needed. Contingencies related to voltage violations and power line overloading have been responsible for power system collapse. This paper presents an Maximum Loading Margin for ranking of the contingencies expected to cause steady state bus voltage and power flow violations. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated on Indian Utility 62-bus power system.

[1]. R.Manikandan, M.Bhoopathi"Contingency Analysis in Deregulated Power Market"International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering,Vol. 2, Issue 12, December 2013 [2]Arthit Sode-Yome and Kwang Y. Lee "Neural Network Based Loading Margin Approximation for Static Voltage Stability in Power Systems", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.
[2]. Sourav Basu, Chandramouli Gupta, Sumana Chowdhuri"Voltage Stability Margin (VSM) and Maximum Loading Point (MLP) Of A Multi-Bus System Before and After Compensation"International Journal of Engineering Research and Development ,Volume 5, Issue 7 (January 2013), PP. 30-35
[3]. Tika R. Limbu ,Tapan K. Saha ,"Comparing Effectiveness of Different Reliability Indices in Contingency Ranking and Indicating Voltage Stability",School of Information Tech. & Elect. Engineering University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia.
[4]. D. S. Javan, H. Rajabi Mashhadi and M. Rouhani"Fast Voltage and Power Flow Contingencies Ranking using Enhanced Radial Basis Function Neural Network",Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 4, Dec. 2011
[5]. M. K. Maharana, Samrat Malakar"Sensitivity Based Network Contingency Ranking Using Newton Raphson Power Flow Method",International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology,Volume No.4 Issue No.2, pp : 45-49

One of the major problems in the world is Energy Crises. There is now a universal recognition of the fact that new technologies and much greater use of some that already exist provide the most hopeful projections for the future. The opportunities lie in the use of standing renewable energy technologies and greater efforts at energy efficiency. In organizations like Engineering Colleges, the top operating expenditure is often found to be electrical energy. In most assessments of the manageability of the cost or potential cost savings in the above component, would invariably appear as a top priority, and thus energy Audit. Energy constitutes a strategic area for cost reduction. A well done energy audit will always help owners to understand more about the ways energy is used in their organizations, and help to identify areas where waste can occur and where possibility of improvement exists. The energy audit would give a positive orientation to the energy cost reduction, preventive maintenance, and quality control plans which are vital for production and utility activities. The purpose of our project - 'Energy Audit and Management of ITMU -Vadodara' is to categorize, quantify, describe and prioritize cost saving measures relating to energy use in the academic area, laboratories, library, hostel & guest house. This project is just one step, a mere mile marker towards our destination of making our campus 'ITM Universe' as one of the most energy efficient campuses in Gujarat

[1]. "Chapter 4, Section-4.1, BEE Manual Of Energy Manager Training"
[2]. "Chapter 1, Section-1.1, Energy Audit Report of IIT Roorkee"
[3]. "MS Excel Datasheet of Connected Load"
[4]. "Manual of Equipments & Name Plate Of Machines"
[5]. "Electricity Bills, ITM Universe."
[6]. "Tariff Schedule applied from 01/05/2014, www.mgvcl.com"

This paper presents the design of two different speed three phase inductions motor. This motor develops two different speeds in a single machine according to the pole ratio. It, also the presents the optimization technique to increase the efficiency of the machine with help of Maxwell's 14.0 v software. Design is obtained in the RMXprt and the analysis of the machine is done in the Maxwell 2D view. The efficiency is improved by changing the design of slot of the stator of the machine.

[1]. J.Y.Chen C.V Nayar, 'A multi –pole Machines coupled to the Wind turbines', International Conference on Electrical Machines, Istanbul, Turkey, 2-4 September 1998.
[2]. T. Rovio. Etc. 'Axial and radial flux generators in small scale wind power production' Institute of Electromagnetic Tampere University of Technology,2001.
[3]. S.E Skaar,O. Kroval R.Nilssen,' Distribution, coil span and winding factors for PM Machines with concentrated windings', ICEM 2006.
[4]. J.A Guemes A.M Eaolagotia,M.P.Donsion and J.I. Del Hoyo, ' Analysis of Torque in permanent
[5]. Magnet Machineswith Fractional Slot Windings,ICEM 2008.

A multiobjective approach is used for design of a new electrical distribution network or resizing of existing distribution network by adding some nodes in system. A multiobjective approach is used, considering the following: i) the financial costs and ii) the costs that are incurred due to system faults. In designing stage of the electrical distribution network the important consideration is the issue of system reliability. The true Pareto- optimal solutions are found with a multiobjective genetic algorithm Results based on 21 is presented. The information gained from the Pareto-optimal solution set is shown to be useful for the decision-making stage of distribution network evolution planning.

[1]. S. Ching-Tzong and L. Guor-Rurng, "Reliability design of distributionsystems using modified genetic algorithms," Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 60, pp. 201–206, 2002

[2]. V. Miranda, J. V.Ranito, and L. M. Proença, "Genetic algorithms in optimal multistage distribution network planning," IEEE Trans. Power

[3]. R. H. C. Takahashi, J. A.Vasconcelos, J. A. Ramirez, and L. Krahenbuhl,"A multiobjective methodology for evaluating genetic operators," IEEE Trans. Magn., pt. 1, vol. 39

[4]. K. Deb, A. Pratap, S. Agrawal, and T. Meyarivan, "A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II," IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 182–197, Apr. 2002.

[5]. E. G. Carrano, R. H. C. Takahashi, E. P. Cardoso, O. M. Neto, and R.R. Saldanha, "Multiobjective genetic algorithm in the design of electric distribution networks: simulation data," Univ.

Microstrip patch antenna with metamaterial properties has become a very wide topic in recent eras. Due to its flexible structure patch antennas has proven itself in various parameters (i.e. efficiency, gain, bandwidth). This paper concentrates on an aperture coupled feeding technique with and without metamaterial. The proposed antenna is designed for the frequency 2.45 GHz using Complementary Split Ring Resonator structure (CSRR). The performance of the antenna can be viewed by calculating various parameters like S11, Polar plot and Efficiency using CST. The simulations results prove that the efficiency gets increased with the metamaterial structure.

[1]. Kumar, and K.P. Ray, "Broadband Microstrip Antennas," Artech House, Inc. 2003.
[2]. C. A. Balanis, " Willy Interscience‟ 3rd edition
[3]. D. M. Pozar, "Microstrip G. antenna coupled to a microstrip-line," Electron.Lett., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 49-50, Jan. 1985.
[4]. S. K. Patel & Y. P Kosta , "S- Shape Meandered Microstrip Patch Antenna Design using Metamaterial‟ Antenna and Wave Propagation, 2014
[5]. Christophe caloz and Tatsuo itoh, "electromagnetic metamaterials transmission line theory and microwave application"

Utilities deliver power to their customer through a network of generation, transmission lines, substation & distribution system. A distribution system carries power from substation transformer through feeder circuit to distribution transformer located near customer. Distribution spending is one of the largest costs for most utilities also cause of concerns as network increases day by day along with the increasing power demand. Utilities are constantly looking forward to increase productivity in the distribution system. So to improve the Productivity of distribution system and managing financial asserts properly we have decided to work on the Distribution Transformer Future Failure Prediction using statistical data obtain from the various DISCOM with Extreme value Distribution Model.

[1]. "Weibull Analysis," in MathPages. vol. 2010, http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath122/kmath122.htm.
[2]. W. Nelson, Applied Life Data Analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc,1982
[3]. Business Statistics, 6th ed. by Ken Black
[4]. G. F. Chris Kurts, Mark Vainberg, Mike Lebow, and B. Ward, "Managing Aged Transformers, Utility develops repair/refurbish/replace strategy using innovative risk-based methodologies," in Transmission & Distribution World www.tdworld.com/July 2005, 2005, pp. 36-42.
[5]. L. Wenyuan, "Evaluating Mean Life of Power System Equipment with Limited End-of-Life Failure Data," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 19, pp.236-242, 2004.

In this Paper presents a new dynamic comparator is compared in terms of their voltage, speed and power. A new dynamic comparator which shows lower input offset voltage and high load drivability than the conventional dynamic comparators. This comparator not only achieves low offset but also exhibit high speed and low power in its operation, which can be used for low power high speed ADC application.

[1]. David Marche, yvon Savaria(IEEE june-2009),"An improved Switch Compensation Technique for Inverted
[2]. R-2R Ladder DACs"
[3]. Harry W. Li, R. Jacob Baker and David E. Boyce, (IEEE Press Series on Microelectronics Systems, 2005), February 2011,"CMOS Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation.
[4]. Heung Jun Jeon and Yong bin Kim(Month 1-2,2014), "A Low-offset High-Speed Double-tail Dual-rail Dynamic Latched Comparator" Heung Jun jeon, yong Bin Kim(IEEE 2010),"A CMOS Low-Power Low- offset and High-speed fully Dynamic Latched Comparator"
[5]. Jun He, sanyi Zhan, degang Chen(IEEE May-2009),"Analyses of Static and Dynamic Random offset

Energy management in smart home environment is nowadays a crucial aspect on which technologies have been focusing on in order to save costs and minimize energy waste. This goal can be reached by means of an energy resource scheduling strategy provided by a suitable optimization technique. To improve the efficacy of the home appliance for energy management lot of study have been made. For smart home many power scheduling methods have been adopted. This paper reviews different journals and conference papers which covers the energy optimization methods for smart home appliance. In this paper the concept of smart home is introduced, then various methods are analysed like fuzzy logic, neural network, and heuristic methods and evolutionary algorithm.

[1]. Ricquebourg V, Menga D, Marhic B, Delah, Soche L, Loge C, " The smart home concept: Our Immediate Future" 2006 IEEE International Conference on E Learning in Industrial Electronics 2006, 23-28
[2]. C. Nugent, D. Finlay, R. Davies, H. Wang, H. Zheng, J. Hallberg,K. Synnes, and M. Mulvenna, "homeml an open standard for the exchange of data within smart environments," in Pervasive Computing for Quality of Life Enhancement, ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, T. Okadome, T. Yamazaki, and M. Makhtari, Eds. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2007, vol. 4541, pp. 121–129.
[3]. T. Koskela and K. Vnnen-Vainio-Mattila, "Evolution towards smart home environments: empirical evaluation of three user interfaces," Personal and Ubiquitous
[4]. Computing, vol. 8, pp. 234–240, 2004.
[5]. Haines, V. Mitchell, C. Cooper, and M. Maguire, "Probing user values in the home environment within a technology driven smart home project," Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 11, pp. 349–359, 2007.

The existing transmission line when subjected to actual load flows across a system of distribution and substation are restricted to various permissible limits of its line parameters limitations in terms of temperature, sag , current rating and atmospheric parameters laying of the existing line and its limitations problems and linked costs, where new generation transmission upgrades are inculcated in proximity with the load. Thus we followed this basic concept of replacing the existing conductors with the various new age conductors which have enhanced temperature, sag, current and power transfer capacity. We selected few conductor's and with their data designed a 400kv transmission line and its comparison model and thus performed the load flow analysis on ETAP which uses the Newton-Raphson and Gauss-Siedel iterations and performs the load flow analysis. Thus, reconductoring is an important cost reduction process in evaluation of the system integration, which is economical for capital improvement and better transmission capabilities.

[1]. IEEE STD 738-1993 IEEE Standard for Calculating the Current-Temperature Relationship of Bare Overhead Conductors.
[2]. IEEE STD 738-2006 1993 IEEE Standard for Calculating the Current-Temperature Relationship of Bare Overhead Conductors.
[3]. "Transmission Conductors Thermal Ratings," Paper 68-TAP-28, Report by Transmission Advisory Panel, East Central Area Reliability Coordination Agreement.
[4]. Mussen, G. A., "The Calculation of Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Conductors."
[5]. Alcan Research and Development Limited, Nov. 15, 1966.

The electricity requirements of the world are increasing at an alarming rate and the power demand has been running ahead of supply and as a result of it, the fossil fuels may not be sufficient to keep pace with the ever increasing demand of electrical energy of the world. Also Providing clean, reliable energy is a major goal for policymakers and concerned individuals worldwide. The unfortunate fact is that the cheapest energy sources, with a century of technical and infrastructure development backing them, are polluting fossil fuels. Thus when a technology like solar photovoltaic comes along – converting the sun's rays to electricity with no moving parts, no emissions, and no fuel costs – the excitement is understandable. Our paper elucidates about Photovoltaic Cell, it's applications, economics, growth and scope of Photovoltaic with a view of its current development and the future innovations in the area of solar energy.

[1]. G.M. Masters, ―Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems‖, A John Wiley & Sons ,Inc. Publication, 2004
[2]. Dr. R.K.Singal, ―non-conventional Energy Resources‖ ISBN No : 81-88458-82-1
[3]. X.wu, J.C. Keane, R.G.Dhere, C.DeHart, ―Proceedings of the 17th European photovoltaic Solar
[4]. Energy Conference‖, Munich, Germany,995,2001.
[5]. www.esru.strath.ac./photovoltaics.html

The theory of Cloud computing has considerably changed the field of parallel and distributed computing systems. Cloud computing enables a wide range of users to access storage, hardware, software and any type of services in distributed, virtualized and scalable manner through Internet. Load balancing is a method to distribute request for SAAS, IAAS and PAAS from multiple clients to multiple computers connected in network to achieve optimal resource utilization. Virtualization maximize throughput in minimum response time, and avoid overload. With recent invention rather than investing lot on highly compatible server, why not to use cluster of computer which can be work as client as well as server when needed. Rather than single server facilitate all request a cluster of normal computer are used to serve request in efficient manner. With recent advent of technology, resource control or load balancing along with efficient energy usage in cloud computing is main challenging issue. A few existing scheduling algorithms can maintain load balancing and provide better strategies through efficient job scheduling and resource allocation techniques as well. Now there is a need for efficient and environment savvy algorithm to reduce carbon foot prints and to save energy. The objective of this paper to present environment savvy algorithm with effective resource utilization.

[1]. A.L. Blais "Evaluation of Load Balancing Algorithms and Internet Traffic Modeling For PerformanceAnalysis"
[2]. N.Chandrakala Dr. P.Sivaprakasam, "Analysis of Fault Tolerance Approaches in Dynamic Cloud Computing", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013 ISSN: 2277 128X
[3]. Book: Linux Clustering Building and Maintaining Linux Clusters by Charles Bookman
[4]. Book: Handbook of Research on Securing Cloud-Based Databases with Biometric Applications.Author: Ganesh Chandra Deka(Ministry of Labour and Employment, India), Sambit Bakshi (National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India)
[5]. D. Verma, R. K. Somani, "Tune the Resource Provisioning & Virtual Machine Migration for Cloud Environment", International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT) Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2014, ISSN: 2319-5967 ISO 9001:2008

In power system the voltage at different buses vary with the change in load. The voltage is normally high at light load condition and low at heavy load condition. The voltage level at the consumer terminal must be maintained within permissible limits irrespective of the type & magnitude of the load. To keep bus voltages within permissible limits, it is necessary to maintain the balance of reactive power in the system. That means reactive power generation must be equal to reactive power absorbed. Any mismatch in the reactive power balance affects the bus voltage magnitude. SVS provides a fast, smooth and step less variation of compensation of reactive power injected into the line. Thus it assures an accurate voltage control of buses over a wide range of loads. This paper deals with reactive power compensation by using SVS (combined TSC and TCR). Reactive power compensation is provided to minimize power transmission losses, to maintain power transmission capability and to maintain the supply voltage at load side. Also Harmonic Analysis for closed loop TSC and TCR system is done. Due to Harmonics, innocent customers suffer from poor power quality. This is due to nearby large nonlinear load. The SVC (combined TCR and TSC) provides the lagging and leading reactive power rapidly and independently with voltage constraints. The number of TSC and TCR to be used is decided according to the reactive power requirement of system.

[1]. M. Moghawemi, and M. O. Faruque, ―Effect of FACTS devices on Static Voltage Stability‖, IEEE
[2]. Transaction, 2000.
[3]. H. K. Tyll, Senior Member, IEEE ―Application of SVCs to Satisfy Reactive Power Needs of Power Systems‖, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 0-7803-9193-4/06/$ 20.00 @ 2006 IEEE.
[4]. Rolf Grünbaum, Member, IEEE, Mikael Halonen, Member, IEEE, Göran Strömberg, ―SVC for 69 kV Direct Grid Connection‖, 978-1-4244-1904-3/08/$25.00 ©2008 IEEE
[5]. N. G. Hingorani and L. Gyugi, ―Understanding FACTS –Concepts and Technology of Flexible Ac Transmission Systems‖, Standard Publishers Distributors, IEEE Press, New York, 2001.

Increase in the power demand requires the development of EHV (Extra high voltage) AC double circuit and high power carrying capacity transmission lines. Generally the power generating stations are far away from the distribution network, to connect the power surplus region to power deficit region long EHV AC double circuit transmission lines are required. But the power transfer capacity of long EHV AC transmission line are limited by their SIL (Surge Impedance Loading) limit which is much below the thermal limit of conductor due to large inductive reactance of the line. SIL depends on various factors and geometrical arrangement of double circuit transmission lines such as bundle spacing, diameter of conductor, no. of subconductors per phase and spacing between conductors. In this paper an attempt is made to present various techniques implemented on EHV AC double circuit transmission lines to improve SIL level and its effect on corona loss is shown with the help of mathematical programming in Matlab software. Also different double circuit configurations and its comparison are presented.

[1]. Annual Reports of SLDC Gujarat.
[2]. Huang Wei-Gang, "Study on Conductor Configuration of 500-kV Chang-Fang Compact line", IEEE Transactions on power delivery, vol. 18, No.3, July 2003.
[3]. R. N. Nayak, Y K Sehgal and Subir Sen, "EHV Transmission line capacity Enhancement through increase in Surge Impedance Loading Level, IEEE Power India Conference, 2006.
[4]. Jose R. Daconti and Daniel c. Lawry "Increasing Power Transfer Capability of Existing Transmission Line", Published in Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, (2003 IEEE).
[5]. Jin Hao and Wilsun Xu, "Extended Transmission line Loadability Curve by including Voltage Stability

Distribution grid reconfiguration is one of the methods of accommodating more DG into the electric grid. Increased penetration of distributed generators (DGs) is one of the characteristics of smart grids. Distribution Grid Reconfiguration defined as altering the topological structure of distribution feeders by changing the open/closed states of sectionalizes and tie switches so that the objective function is minimized and constrained are met. The purpose of an optimal DN reconfiguration problem is to identify an optimal radial operating structure that minimizes one or many objective like minimal power loss, voltage deviation etc. Grid reconfiguration Considered as nondeterministic optimization problem. Proposed method is Genetic Algorithm (GA) it iteratively solves a problem by improving the candidate solution based on certain criteria. It is based on the principle of evolution. When multiple objectives can be optimized, GA fails to find solution. In order to overcome this disadvantage, the concept of Pareto optimality is introduced. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm -II (NSGA-II) is one such optimization method based on the principle of GA. It makes use of non-dominated ranking and crowding distance which inherently preserve elitism and presents parameter less niching operator.

[1]. Fang, X., Misra, S, Xue, G., & Yang, D. (2012). Smart grid—The new and improved power grid: Asurvey. Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, 14(4), 944-980.
[2]. Hong, Y. Y.,& Ho, S. Y. (2005). Determination of network configuration considering multiobjective in distribution systems using genetic algorithms. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 20(2), 1062-1069.
[3]. Coelho, A., Rodrigues, A. B., & Da Silva, M. G. (2004, November). Distribution network reconfiguration with reliability constraints. In Power System Technology, 2004. Power Con 2004.2004nInternational Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. 1600-1606).IEEE.

[4]. Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., & Meyarivan, T. A. M. T. (2002). A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II. Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on, 6(2), 182-197.
[5]. Mendoza, J., López, R., Morales, D., López, E., Dessante, P., & Moraga, R. (2006). Minimal loss reconfiguration using genetic algorithms with restricted population and addressed operators: real application. Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 21(2), 948-954.

Shunt capacitors are used for reactive power compensation to maintain voltage in a distribution system. The aim of the problem is to find an optimal location and size of capacitor to install on a distribution system. Determination of capacitor size is an optimization problem and the goal is to minimize overall cost of power loss as well as cost of shunt capacitors simultaneously while satisfying constraints. In this paper, capacitor placement is carried out using a Loss Sensitivity Factor method and the solution of capacitor sizing problem is achieved using Goal Attainment method. Optimization problem is solved with the help of MatLab and load flow is carried out using MiPower software.

[1]. Short, Thomas Allen. Electric power distribution handbook. CRC press, 2014.
[2]. Coleman, Thomas, Mary Ann Branch, and Andrew Grace. "Optimization toolbox." For Use with
[3]. MATLAB. User‟s Guide for MATLAB 5 (1999). MiPower software
[4]. Feeders, Distribution Test. "IEEE PESDistribution SystemAnalysis Subcommittee." OnlineAvailable: http://www. ewh. ieee. org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/index. html (2011).
[5]. Prakash, K., and M. Sydulu. "Particle swarm optimization based capacitor placement on radial distribution systems." Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2007. IEEE. IEEE, 2007.

This paper shows analysis for enhancement of transient stability of power system with variable series compensation of transmission line. Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is considered for variable series compensation. Using PID control strategy required firing pulses for TCSC is generated. Simulations of fixed and variable series compensation for different fault clearing time are carried out on Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) using MatLab Simulink. Fault clearing angle, first angular swing and stability margin are used to analyze transient stability for different series compensation level. The simulation results show effectiveness of variable series compensation.

[1]. E. W. Kimbark, "Improvement of System Stability by Switch Series Capacitor," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and System, VOL. PAS-85, NO. 2, 1966.
[2]. N. Ramarao and Danie k. Reitan, "Improvement of Power System Transient Stability Using Optimal Control:Bang-Bang Control of Reactance," IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and system, VOL. PAS-89, NO.5/6, May/June 1970.
[3]. Povh and R. Mihalic, "Enhancement of Transient Stability on AC Transmission by means of Controlled Series and Parallel Compensation," International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission, pp. 8-12, 1991.
[4]. Zhao Xueqiang, "Study of TCSC Model and Perspective Application in Power System of China,"
[5]. IEEE 1999 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives System, PEDS‟99, Hong Kong, July 1999.

Voice Recognition Systems are available but voice recognition software being closed source cannot be used easily for implementation of voice recognition based devices. To implement the approach on a real-time application, an arm 11 device interface is to be designed to control the applications on Linux platform, it being an open source using Qtcreator software. Idea behind this research work came from one paper which consists of system of control various speech Devices. By using Various Speech Commands according to Human Voice, We Can Control Various Industrial Devices like Speed of Motor. Speech is a key input For the Controlling of the System. By using Speech Recognition technique for controlling of industrial Devices, When we speak start or stop into the Microphone The Raspberry Pi B+(arm11) follow that command and Performed that operation on industrial equipment Like Bulb (On/Off), Dc Motor (On/Off),Fan (On/Off),Submersible Pump (On/Off). We Can Provide User Interface By Train For More Command.

[1]. Lin Zhong, Yanxiong Li, Xin Wei, Guanglong Li, Zili Wang, Yewen Jiang,"System Design For Monitoring Infant Speech Emotion",Ieee International Conference On Control And Automation (Icca)Hangzhou, China, June 12-14, 2013.
[2]. Martin Russell, Member, Ieee, Shona D‟arcy, And Li Qun, "The Effects Of Bandwidth Reduction On Human And Computer Recognition Of Children‟s Speech",Ieee Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 14, No. 12, December 2007.
[3]. Bjo¨Rn Schuller, Anton Batliner, Stefan Steidl, Dino Seppi, "Recognizing Realistic Emotions and Affect in Speech: State Of The Art and Lessons Learnt From the First Challenge", Science Direct Speech Communication 53 (2011) 1062–1087, 5 February 2011.
[4]. Ellen Douglas-Cowie, Nick Campbell, Roddy Cowie, Peter Roach, "Emotional Speech: Towards a New Generation of Datab Science Direct, Speech Communication 40 (2003) 33–60 Sanjivani S.
[5]. Bhabad Gajanan K. Kharate, "An Overview Of Technical Progress In Speech Recognition", International Journal Of Advanced Research In Computer Science And Software Engineering Volume 3, Issue 3, Issn: 2277 128x, March 2013.

This paper presents the application of Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two area thermal power system. Proposed scheme is analyzed considering Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). The dynamic response for 1% load perturbation in system is considered either in any one area, two area or simultaneously in all four areas. The main objective is to improve the frequency deviations of the interconnected system. The performance of fuzzy controller is compared with integral controller. The advantage of fuzzy controller is that it can handle non linearities of the system. The simulation results indicates superiority of fuzzy controller over integral controller and also results are tabulated as a comparative performance in view of settling time and peak under over shoot.

[1]. Hadi Sadat; 4th Edn; Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited; Power system analysis; New Delhi; chapter 12
[2]. D.P. Kothari., I J Nagrath; 3rd Edn; Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited; New Delhi; Modern Power System Analysis.

[3]. Swasti R. Khuntia, Sidhartha Panda "Simulation study for automatic generation control of a multi-area power system by ANFIS approach", Applied Soft Computing12, pp 333–341 ELSEVIER JOURNAL, 2012
[4]. Ibraheem, Prabhat Kumar, and D. P. Kothari, "Recent Philosophies of AGC Strategies in Power Systems", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
[5]. POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 20, NO. 1, pp. 346-357, February 2005

This paper presents the design of an single phase inverter system which converters the DC voltage available from the solar PV array into AC voltage. The whole system consists of two major stages: DC-DC converter and full bridge inverter with a LC filter (Low-Pass). The output of the system is pure sine wave with the frequency and voltage at standard grid output. The DC-DC converter stage consists of a half bridge push- pull converter with main function of boosting the voltage and providing isolation through transformer. The full bridge inverter circuit uses SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) technique and low-pass LC filter to form pure sine wave output from DC input.

[1]. G. J. Vander Metweet al., " 150W Inverter - an optimal design for use in solar home system", International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Vol.1, page 57 -62. 1998.
[2]. T . Ohnishi, H . Okitsu, "A novel PWM technic for three-phase inverter/converter", International
Power Electronics Conference, 1983, pp . 384-395
[3]. Hart. D, "Introduction to Power Electronics", Prentice Hall, 1997, pp. 308-312
[4]. M. H. Rashid, "Power Electronics Circuits, Devices and Applications", 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2007, Chapter 6, pp. 254
[5]. PIC 18F2331/2431/4331/4431 Datasheet, Microchip Technology Inc., 2003