Indonesia's Wifi currently is widely used for internet access, so that it is carried out the installations on several areas of Bali. Its installations are carried out on public areas, in order to be easy to access by the customers, so it is important to find out the location which it has been installed. Given that a lot of users wish to have fast, cheap and flexible access. However so far there are several employees and customers complain the location of Indonesia' Wifi which is very difficult to find so that there is an inconvenience from the side of customer and the difficulty to perform the correction when there is a failure from the side of employee. After observation has been conducted, the cause of the difficulty to find the position of Indonesia' Wifi is because of poorly organized data of the position of Wifi's installation. On the research being conducted it will be used a method to accomplish it that is by using LBS (Location of Based Service) method. The method will simplify in conducting the design toward the path map based on latitude and longitude coordinate. The system development has its function to retrieve the mapping of Indonesia's Wifi in one region. The development mentioned is by creating interactive mobile application namely Geographic Information System based on Android. Map viewing will classify the region which has been installed of Indonesia's Wifi and can provide information of the path to be taken. It is expected from this research it may be able to help the public to find the location of Indonesia's Wifi and it is useful for the employee in conducting the repair of Indonesia's Wifi network.

[1]. Guy Harrison and Steven Feuerstein, 2006, MySQL Stored Procedure Programming: Building High-Performance Web Applications in MySQL, ISBN: 978-0-596-10089-6, O'Reilly Publisher

[2]. Harahap, NS. 2013. Aplikasi berbasis Android Berbagai Implementasi dan Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile berbasis Android. Informatika. Bandung.

[3]. Harjo, Misni. 2013. Sistem Informasi Geografis Fasilitas Umum Berbasis Android. Institut Sepuluh November. Surabaya

[4]. Sutrisno, EPA. 2013. Program Aplikasi Gps Dan Gis Untuk Mencari Lokasi Dan Jarak Spbu Di Tangerang Selatan Dengan Peta Dan Augmented Reality Camera-View Pada Perangkat Bergerak Berbasis Android. Universitas Gunadarma.

[5]. Zigurd Mednieks, Laird Dornin, G. Blake Meike, Masumi Nakamura, 2012, Programming Android, 2nd Edition, 978-1-44931-664-8, O'Reilly Publisher.

Procurement involves the purchase of goods and services from the suppliers for the manufacturing units. Procuring the items in the most optimized way is very much desired to implement JIT effectively. Manufacturer-supplier relationship is very crucial for effective procurement policy. The present paper deals with various procurement strategies of manufacturing that include the optimization of manufacturing quantity along with the procurement of multiple input items. The procurement cycles for input items are considered in small lot sizes, which are essential for the effective implementation of JIT. The method of integer programming has been used to find the optimum integer values of number of orders for procuring the input items, which is usually found to be in fraction for a real manufacturing environment.

JIT, Lot size, Procurement, Supply chain management.

Demodulator circuit is a basic building block of wireless communication. Digital implementation of demodulator is attracting more attention for the significant advantages of digital systems than analog systems. The carrier signal extraction is the main problem in synchronous demodulation in design of demodulator based on Software Defined Radio. When transmitter or receiver in motion, it is difficult for demodulator to generate carrier signal same in frequency and phase as transmitter carrier signal due to Doppler shift and Doppler rate. Here the digital implementation of Costas loop for QPSK demodulation in continuous mode is discussed with carrier recovery using phase locked loop.

Software Defined Radio, Doppler Shift, Doppler Rate, Phase Locked Loop

[1]. Shachi P, Rahul Mishra, Ravi Kumar Jatoth, "Coherent BPSK Demodulator using Costas Loop and Early Late Gate Synchronizer", International Conference on Computing Communication& Networking Technologies, IEEE, July 2013.
[2]. Ziheng Yang, Yuan Bai, Zhongjun Zhao, "Design and Implementation of the Digital Costas Loop Based on Software Defined Radio", International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control, IEEE, October 2011, pp. 687-690.
[3]. Uma Devi G, Madhavi D, Akshay Kumar P, "Carrier Recovery and Clock recovery for QPSK Demodulation", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, May 2014, 3 (5), pp. 304-311.
[4]. M R. Raghavendra, S Sharada, K Chandrasekharam, Anshuman Sharama, Pooja Gupta, Midhun M, "Design and Developement of High Bit Rate QPSK Demodulator", Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technology, IEEE, January 2013, pp. 1-5.
[5]. Donald R. Stephens, "Phase Locked Loop for Wireless Communications: Digital and Analog Implementations "Springer, 1st Ed., 1998.

A novel digitally programmable generalized impedance multiplier is presented. It uses second generation current conveyor and a digital control module. The new multiplier can provide digital control to grounded impedance functions such as, resistor, capacitor, inductor without quantizing the signal. The technique used is simple, versatile as well as compatible for microminiaturization in contemporary IC technologies. The simulation results on digitally programmable generalized impedance multiplier verify the theory.

Current conveyor, multiplier.

[1]. B. Wilson, (1992). Tutorial review: Trends in current conveyors and current mode amplifier design. Int. J. Electronics, 73(3), 573-583.
[2]. J. A. Svobodo, (1994). Transfer function syntheses using current conveyors. International Journal of Electronics, 76, 611-614.
[3]. I. A. Khan and Maheshwari, (2000). Simple first order all pass section single CCII. International Journal of Electronics, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 303 - 306.
[4]. H. Alzaher, (2006). CMOS digitally programmable inductance, ICM – 06, Saudi Arabia.
[5]. S. M. Al-Shahrani, and M. Al-Gahtani, (2006). A new poly-phase current-mode filter using digitally programmable current-controlled current-conveyor, ICM - 06, Saudi Arabia.

In this paper the effect of temperature range of 298 K to 348 K and volume filler content ф on electrical properties of polyethylene PE filled with nickel Ni powders has been investigated .The volume electrical resistivity V  of such composites decreases suddenly by several orders of magnitude at a critical volume concentration (i.e. фc=14.27 Vol.%) ,whereas the dielectric constant   and the A.C electrical conductivity AC  of such composites increase suddenly at a critical volume concentration (i.e. фc=14.27 Vol.%).For volume filler content lower than percolation threshold ф<фc the resistivity decreases with increasing temperature, whereas the dielectric constant and the A.C electrical conductivity of such composites increase indicating a semi-conducting behavior, where for ф> фc there is increase in the value of their resistivity, and decrease in the value of their dielectric constant and the A.C electrical conductivity AC  with increasing temperature indicating metallic-conduction.

conducting polymer, filler, polymer matrix, polyethylene, CPCM, percolation threshold.

[1]. M.A.Kori, M.G.Kulthe & R.K.Goyal, "International J. of Innovative Research in Science, Engenearing and Technology" , vol.3,Issue 6,2014.
[2]. F.Gubbels, S.Blacher, E.Vanlathem, R.Jerome, R.Veltoure, F.Broues & Ph.Teyssie,"Macromolecules", vol.28, pp .1559-1566, 1995.
[3]. R.Mukhopyay, S.K.De, S.Basu, "J.Appl.Polym.Sci.",vol.20, pp .2575,1976.
[4]. Z. Zhou, S. Wang, Y. Zhang, & Yi. Zhang,,"J.Appl.Poly.Sci." , vol. 102 Issue5, pp .4823 – 4830, 2006.
[5]. H.S. Dahiya, N. Kishore & R. M. Mehra ,"J.Appl.Poly.Sci.", vol. 106 Issue3, pp .2101 -2110, 2007.

In this paper, a new method for designing a reduced order observer for linear time-invariant system is proposed. The approach is based on matrix inversion with proper dimension. The arbitrariness associated with the method proposed by O'Reilly is presented here and has been reduced with the help of pole-placement technique. It also helps reducing the computations regarding the observer design parameters. Illustrative numerical examples with simulation results are also included.

Reduced order Observer, Full order Observer, Pole-placement technique, linear time invariant system, Matrix inversion technique

[1]. D.G.Luenberger,"Observing the state of a linear system,IEEE Trk. Mil. Electronics," Vol. MIL-8,pp. 74-80, April. 1964.
[2]. D.G. Luenberger, "Observing the state of a linear system," IEEE Transaction on Automatic control, vol. AC-11, pp. 190-197,April. 1966.
[3]. D.G.Luenberger,"An introduction to observers," IEEE Transaction on Automatic Control, Vol. AC-16, no. 6, pp. 596-602, December ,1971.
[4]. Jhon O'Reilly, "Observer for linear system," New York: Academic, 1983.
[5]. F.A. Graybill, "Introduction to Matrices with application inStatistics, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,1969

In this article a detailed comparative study between two well known observer design methodologies namely, reduced order Cumming observer & reduced order Das &Ghoshal observer has been presented. The necessary equations & conditions corresponding to these two types of observers are discussed in brief. Thereafter with the help of a structure wise comparison the similarities & dissimilarities between the above mentioned methods are explained in details. Finally a performance wise comparison between these two is shown using proper numerical example & illustrations in open loop as well as closed loop.

Luenberger Observer, Full & Reduced Order Observer, Cumming Observer, Generalized Matrix Inverse, Das & Ghoshal Observer, State Feedback Control.

[1]. D.G. Luenberger, "Observing the states of a linear system", IEEE Transactions Mil. Electron. Vol. MIL-8, pp. 74-80, April.1964.
[2]. D.G. Luenberger, "An Introduction to Observers", IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. AC-16, no. 6, pp. 596-602, December. 1971.
[3]. S.D.G. Cumming, "Design of Observers of Reduced Dynamics", Electronics Letters, vol.5, Issue:10, pp. 213-214, 1969 .
[4]. N. Munro, ―Computer-aided-design procedure for reduced-order observers estimate of entire state vector, Proceedings of IEE, Vol. 120, No. 2, pp. 319-324, February 1973.
[5]. G. Das and T.K. Ghosal, "Reduced-order observer construction by generalized matrix inverse", International Journal of Control, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 371-378, 1981.

"SCIENCE" means "KNOWLEDGE"?... "VARYING-SCIENCE" means "KNOWLEDGE VARIES"?...
i. Science differs from "philosophy‟?...
ii. Philosophy differs from "theory‟?...
iii. Evolution differs from "Pre-existence‟?...
iv. Earth gravity varies everyday?...
v. Light velocity varies everyday?...
vi. Universal constants varies everyday?...
vii. Cell chromosome varies everyday?...
viii. Heartbeat varies everyday?...
YES!… YES!! … YES!!!...

a) Philosophy of "SPONTANEOUS CREATION"?...
b) Philosophy of "EVOLUTION"?...
c) Philosophy of "WHITE HOLE"?...
d) Philosophy of "ULTIMATE DARK HOLE"?...
e) Philosophy of "JAYA-AANDU"?...
f) Philosophy of "VOID UNIVERSE"?...
g) Philosophy of "EVOLVED UNIVERSE"?...

a) Intensive Internet "e-book" study through, Google search and wikipedia
b) M.Arulmani, "3G Akkanna Man", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2011
c) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "Tamil the Law of Universe", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
d) Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihriah, "Essentials of management", Tata McGraw-Hill publications, 2005
e) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "First Music and First Music Alphabet", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012

Anti-jamming is an important problem in broadcast communication. In this paper , we provide an overview of recent contributions pertaining to the anti-jamming techniques. Specifically, the paper focuses on comparative study of anti-jamming techniques‟ performance against jammers. Due to secret key sharing between sender and receiver in classical Spread spectrum techniques, Anti-jamming Broadcast problem arises. To have jamming resistant communication, Uncoordinated SS, Randomized differential-DSSS, Quorum Rendezvous Channel Hopping are proposed and implemented in the respective domain of communication. From the discussion provided in this paper, it is concluded that the brief review of anti-jamming techniques can help the researchers to understand the functionality and practical applications of the techniques based on DSSS and FHSS.

DSSS, FHSS, QRCH, UDSSS, UFH-DSSS, Jammers.

[1]. Popper C., Mario strasser, Srdjan Capkun. "Anti-jamming Broadcast Communication using Uncoordinated Spread Spectrum Techniques" in IEEE Journal on selected areas in Communication, Vol. 28 No.5, pages 703-715, June 2010. Doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2010.100608.
[2]. Yao Liu, Peng Ning, Huaiyu Dai, An Liu. "Randomized Differential DSSS: Jamming Resistant Wireless Broadcast Communication" in Proceedings of IEEE international Conference on Computer Communication (INFOCOM), 2010.
[3]. Popper C., Mario strasser, Srdjan Capkun."Jamming-resistant Broadcast Communication without Shared Keys" in ETH-Zurich INFK-Tech.Report 609, March 2009.
[4]. Mario Strasser. "Novel Techniques for Thwarting Communication Jamming in Wireless Networks", A dissertation submitted toETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences,2009.
[5]. Eun Kyu Lee, Soon Y. Oh and Mario Gerla. "Randomized Channel Hopping Scheme For Anti-jamming Communication", in the poster session of ACM MobiCom, 2010.

The problem of health facilities location is explored under a mathematical optimization approach. Several models are developed for the location of a generalized health facility system in a manner that the selected criteria are optimized. From the literature we use in our paper the criteria efficiency and availability of the service. The optimal locations satisfying two objectives, one that minimizes health care centers-patient distance and another that captures as many patients as possible within a pre-specified time or distance. The results indicate that the existing locations provide near-optimal geographic access to health care center.

Location, efficiency, availability, patient satisfaction, health care centers.

[1]. S.L. Hakimi, Optimum locations of switching centers and the absolute centers and medians of a graph, Operations Research 12 (1964) 450-459.
[2]. Love, R., Morris, J., & Wesolowsky, G. O. (1988). Facility location: Models and methods.
[3]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland.
[4]. Francis, R. L., McGinnis, L. F., & White, J. A. (1992). Facility layout and location: An analytical approach (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall.
[5]. Mirchandani, P. B., & Francis, R. L. (Eds.). (1990). Discrete location theory. New York, US: Wiley-Interscience-Interscience.

Now a days images are prodigiously and sizably voluminous in size. So, this size is not facilely fits in applications. For that image compression is require. Image Compression algorithms are more resource conserving. It takes more time to consummate the task of compression. Utilizing Parallel implementation of the compression algorithm this quandary can be overcome. CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) Provides parallel execution for algorithm utilizing the multi-threading. CUDA is NVIDIA`s parallel computing platform. CUDA uses GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) for the parallel execution. GPU have the number of the cores for parallel execution support. Image compression can additionally implemented in parallel utilizing CUDA. There are number of algorithms for image compression. Among them DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) is best suited for parallel implementation due to its more mathematical calculation and good compression result compare to other methods. In this paper included different parallel techniques for image compression. With the actualizing this image compression algorithm over the GPU utilizing CUDA it will perform the operations in parallel. In this way, vast diminish in processing time is conceivable. Furthermore it is conceivable to enhance the execution of image compression algorithms.

GPU, CUDA, Multicore, Shared Memory, Multithreading, DCT, DWT, BWT, EBCOT, MTF, DAST, JPEG2000.

[1]. Kgotlaetsile Mathews Modieginyane, Zenzo Polite Ncube, and Naison Gasela, "CUDA based performance evaluation of the computational efficiency of the DCT image compression technique on both the CPU and GPU", Advanced Computing: An International Journal (ACIJ ), Vol.4, No.3, May 2013.
[2]. Roto Le, Iris R. Bahar, Joseph L. Mundy, "A Novel Parallel Tier-1 Coder for JPEG2000 using GPUs", IEEE, 2011.
[3]. Ritesh A. Patel, Yao Zhang, Jason Mak, Andrew Davidson, John D. Owens, "Parallel Lossless Data Compression on the GPU", IEEE, 2012.
[4]. Axel Eirola, "Lossless data compression on GPGPU architectures", 2011.
[5]. Mohammad H. Asghari, "Discrete Anamorphic Transform for Image Compression", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, VOL. 21, NO. 7, JULY 2014.

This paper investigates the effect of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the surface roughness of mild steel material with turning process. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in the experiment. The investigated turning parameters were cutting speed (CS) (1150, 850m/min), feed rate (FR) (1 and 0.5 mm/rev) and depth of cut (DOC) (1.0 and 0.5 mm) and no. of cuts(NOC) (2 and 1). The results showed that the interaction between the feed rate and depth of cut, was the primary factor controlling surface roughness. The responses of various factors were plotted using a three-dimensional surface graph. The optimum condition required for minimum surface roughness(SR) include cutting speed of 1150 m/min, feed rate of 1 mm/rev, axial depth of cut of 0.5 mm and no. of cut 1. With this optimum condition, a surface roughness of 0.280μm was obtained. The methodology for above experimentation is presented in this paper along with results and interpretation.

High-speed machining, Surface roughness, Response surface method, etc.

[1]. G. Boothroyd, W.A. Knight, Fundamentals of Machining and MachineTools, third ed., CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
[2]. D.C. Montgomery, Design and Analysis of Experiments, fourth ed.,John Wiley & sons Inc., 1997.
[3]. Ashvin J. Makadiaa and J.I. Nanavatib, Optimisation of machining parameters for turning operationsbased on response surface methodology,Gujarat Technology University, At. Hadala,Rajkot 363 650, Gujarat, India.Measurement 46 (2013) 1521–1529.
[4]. Nuran Bradley, The Response Surface Methodology, Indina University of South Bend, Nuran Bradley, 2007.
[5]. Gökhan Orhan1,and Özgül Keleş,"Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to Evaluate the Influence of Deposition Parameters on the Electrolytic Cu-Zn Alloy Powder"Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey,Published: 1 September 2011

i) "FEBRUARY 14" means "LOVERS FESTIVAL"?... ii) "VALENTINE DAY FESTIVAL" only for "TEENAGERS"?... iii) "VALENTINE DAY FESTIVAL" not for "SENIOR CITIZENS"?... NO… NO… NO…

i) Right dot PROTON (like INFANT)
ii) Left dot ELECTRON (like MOTHER)
iii) Center dot PHOTON (like FATHER)

a) Intensive Internet "e-book" study through, Google search and wikipedia
b) M.Arulmani, "3G Akkanna Man", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2011
c) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "Tamil the Law of Universe", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
d) Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihriah, "Essentials of management", Tata McGraw-Hill publications, 2005
e) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "First Music and First Music Alphabet", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
f) King James Version, "Holy Bible"

The replacement of mineral dielectric oils by dielectric oils represent a case of improving environmental conditions failure vegetable oils have one much lower biodegradability and are prone to fewer accidents for its high resistance to ignition.

Transformers, dielectric permittivity.

[1]. 2009 Transmission and distribution .http://ww Vegetable or mineral? – transforming choices for DSOsw.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurevegetable-or-mineral-transforming-choices-for-dsos
[2]. VIHACENCU M. 2013. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERAL AND VEGETABLE TRANSFORMER OILS. U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series C, Vol. 75, Iss. 3, 2013
[3]. 2008 Energize. Vegetable oil-filled transformers for a sustainable future http://www.eepublishers.co.za/images/upload/Trans%20Areva.pdf
[4]. Marulanda A. 2009. Estudio del aceite Vegetal como Sustituto del Aceite Mineral en Transformadores de Distribución. II CongresoVenezolano de Redes y EnergiaElectrica.
[5]. ASTM, "Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points", ASTM International Standards Worldwide ASTM D92, Cleveland Open Cup Tester, 1989. [Internet].Disponible: http://www.astm.org/.

The problem of health facilities location is explored under a mathematical optimization approach. Several models are developed for the location of a generalized health facility system in a manner that the selected criteria are optimized. From the literature we use in our paper the criteria efficiency and availability of the service. The optimal locations satisfying two objectives, one that minimizes health care centers-patient distance and another that captures as many patients as possible within a pre-specified time or distance. The results indicate that the existing locations provide near-optimal geographic access to health care center.

Location, efficiency, availability, patient satisfaction, health care centers.

[1]. S.L. Hakimi, Optimum locations of switching centers and the absolute centers and medians of a graph, Operations Research 12 (1964) 450-459.
[2]. Love, R., Morris, J., & Wesolowsky, G. O. (1988). Facility location: Models and methods.
[3]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North-Holland.
[4]. Francis, R. L., McGinnis, L. F., & White, J. A. (1992). Facility layout and location: An analytical approach (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall.
[5]. Mirchandani, P. B., & Francis, R. L. (Eds.). (1990). Discrete location theory. New York, US: Wiley-Interscience-Interscience.

Computers uses a file which is a collection of information. The information is sensitive part of the organizations , and can be classified into simple, important, and critical information. Any loss or threat to information can prove to be great loss to the organization as well to people. The most important goal for designing any encryption algorithm is the security against unauthorized attacks. This paper introduces a new method to enhance the performance of the (Cesar Cipher algorithm ). This is done by replacing the single key (Offsite) that used by the standard algorithm with dynamic key his value is changed for each letter depending on its position and the value of the previous letter. This replacement adds a new level of protection strength and more robustness against breaking methods. One more powerful technique added by the proposed algorithm is repeat the encryption for the entered text several times.

Caser Cipher, Dynamic Key, Cycle Technique, Encryption, Decryption.

[1]. A. Kahate, ―Cryptography and Network Security ‖ 2nd Ed., Tata Mcgraw Hill, India, 2007 .
[2]. T. S. Denis, And S. Johnson, ―Cryptography for Developer ‖, Syngress Publishing, Inc., 800 Hingham Street , Rockland, MA 02370, 2007.
[3]. D. Salama, H. Mohamed, and, M. Mohamed, "Performance Evaluation of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms", International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, Vol.8 No.12,pp. 280-286, Dec. 2008.
[4]. Stallings, And William, "Cryptography and Network Security", principles and practice , 5th Ed., Prentice Hall of India, 2011.
[5]. M. Agrawal, P. Mishra, "A Modified Approach for Symmetric Key Cryptography Based on Blowfish Algorithm", International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Vol.1, Issue 6, pp. 79-83, Aug. 2012.

Decision tree learning is the discipline to create a predictive model to map the different items in the set and respective target values and associate them in a way that is true to every element. This concept is used in statistics, data mining and machine learning due to its simple and effectiveness. Among the various strategies available to construct the decision trees ID3 is one of the simplest and most widely used decision tree algorithm, but ID3 algorithm gives more importance to attributes having multiple values while selecting node. This major shortcoming affects the accuracy of decision tree. In this paper we are proposing improvement in ID3 algorithm using association function (AF). The Experimental result shows improved ID3 algorithm can overcome shortcomings of ID3 which will also improve the accuracy of ID3 algorithm.

Algorithm, ID3, association function.

[1]. Y. T. Zhang, L. Gong, Principles of Data Mining and Technology, Publishing House of Electronics Industry.
[2]. D. Jiang, Information Theory and Coding [M]: Science and Technology of China University Press, 2001.
[3]. S. F. Chen, Z. Q. Chen, Artificial intelligence in knowledge engineering [M] Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 1997.
[4]. Z. Z. Shi, Senior Artificial Intelligence [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1998.
[5]. M. Zhu, Data Mining [M]. Hefei: China University of Science and Technology Press, 2002.67-72.

Concrete industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources due to which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat. The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing. In this paper, the issues of environmental and economic concern are addressed by the use of saw dust ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Cement was replaced by Saw Dust Ash as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight for M-25 mix. The concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, durability (water absorption) and density at 28 days of age and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete. The results concluded the permissibility of using Saw Dust Ash as partial replacement of cement up to 10% by weight for particle size of range 90micron.

Compressive strength, Durability, split tensile strength, Saw Dust Concrete, Workability.

[1]. 43 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement – Specification. IS 8112:1989, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[2]. Celik T, Marar K (1996). Effects of crushed stone dust on some properties of concrete, Cement Concrete Res., 26(7):1121-1130.
[3]. Galetakis M, Raka S (2004). Utilization of limestone dust for artificial stone production: an experimental approach. Miner. Eng., 17:355–357.
[4]. De Larrard F, Belloc A (1997). The influence of aggregate on the compressive strength of normal and high-strength concrete. ACI Mater J., 94(5):417–426.
[5]. 9 Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete. IS: 383-1970, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

This research began from problem in spacious about teaching and learning by doing where is the method learning is not effective because used descriptive subject mater with writing on black board or descriptive by essay. In order that is not efficient and effective in used teaching and the student can not comprenship understand? With this method will hope can handle it. The used method in this research is classroom action and focus at pump and compressor subject mater in Basic Calculation of Engineering subject. This research was doing in Makassar State University with subject 15 students at machine department. The instrument is used test, interview, observation, and spacious writed. In this learning method is development 5 concept, they are congcrete concept, abstract concept with example kongret concept, abstract concept, concept that process basic and concept with principle. The result of this research showing with mapping concept method in pump and compressor subject, that have improvement competition students at the last siklus II is 7,0 – 10 or 86,67% is mean the students can said that they are competent in learning.

Mapping concept, pump, compressor, siklus

[1]. Arifin, M. 1995. Pengembangan Program Pengajaran Bidang Studi Kimia. Bandung: Airlangga. University Press.
[2]. Dietzel, Fritz dkk.1990. Turbin, Pompa dan Kompresor. Jakarta: Airlangga.
[3]. Hamalik, O. 2002. Kurikulum pembelajaran. Bandung: Bumi Aksara.
[4]. ________ 2003. Perencanaan Pengajaran Berdasarkan Pendekatan Sistem. Bandung: Bumi Aksara.
[5]. Handoko, T. Hani. 1984 . Pengantar Manajemen. Yogyakarta. Balai Pustaka.

This paper presents a very new version of LEACH protocol, called as modified LEACH (MOD_LEACH), which focuses more on reducing the energy consumption within the Wireless Sensor Network. We evaluate both LEACH and LEACH-C through extensive simulation using NS-2.35 and the results shows that MOD_LEACH performs better and more energy efficiency than LEACH protocol.

cluster, LEACH protocol, wireless sensor networks, routing protocol, MOD_LEACH

[1]. National Inst. Of Standard and Technology, "Federal Information Processing Standard Publication 197, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)," Nov. 2001
[2]. J. Daemen and V. Rijmen, "AES Proposal: Rijndael," AES Algorithm Submission, Sept.1999
[3]. Jagadguru Swami Sri BharatiKrishnaTirthji Maharaja: Vedic Mathematics: Sixteen Simple Mathematical Formulae from the Veda, pp. 5-45. MotilalBanarasidas Publishers, Delhi (2009)
[4]. Huddar, S.R.; Rupanagudi, S.R.; Kalpana, M.; Mohan, S., "Novel high speed Vedic mathematics multiplier using compressors," in Automation, Computing, Communication, Control and Compressed Sensing (iMac4s), 2013International Multi-Conference on, vol., no.,pp.465,469, 22-23 March 2013
[5]. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, Principles and Practices, 4th ed. Pearson Education, pp. 134-161, 2006