This paper deals with modelling and simulation of Single phase AC-DC Bridgeless Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) with Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) for Power Factor Correction (PFC) rectifier. The topology is improved by the absence of an input diode bridge and the presence of only two semiconductor switches in the current flowing path during each switching cycle which results in lesser conduction losses and improved thermal management compared to the conventional SEPIC converters. By implementing the improved topology in CCM it ensures almost unity power factor in a simple and effective manner. The CCM operation reduces the complexity of the control circuitry. An operating principle and a detailed analysis of the proposed converter are presented. It is shown that the efficiency of the SEPIC Converter can be significantly improved. Performance Comparisons between the improved and conventional SEPIC PFC rectifier are carried out using MATLAB software and result is presented.

[1]. H.-Y. Tsai, T.-H. Hsia and D. Chen, "A novel soft-switching bridgeless power factor correction circuit," in Proc. Eur. Conf. Power Electron. Appl., 2007, pp. 1–10.
[2]. J. C. Liu, C. K. Tse, N. K. Poon, B. M. Pong, and Y. M. Lai, "A PFC voltage regulator with low input current distortion derived from a rectifier less topology," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 906–911,Jul. 2006.
[3]. Xin, T. Liu, J. Zeng, H. Wu, and J. Ying, "Asymmetrical HPFC flow line applications," in Proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 2007,pp. 1077–1081.
[4]. P. Kong, S. Wang, and F. C. Lee, "Common mode EMI noise suppression for bridgeless PFC .converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron.vol 23,no. 1, pp. 291–297, Jan. 2008.
[5]. C.-M. Wang, "A novel single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast with symmetrical half-bridge topology,"IEEE Trans. Ind. Z Electron.,vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 969–972, Feb. 2008.....

The research concentrates on a computer based push-over analysis technique for performance-based design of steel building frame works subjected to earthquake loading. Through the use of a plasticity-factor that measures the degree of plasticisation, the standard elastic and geometric stiffness matrices for frame elements (beams, columns, etc.) are progressively modified to account for nonlinear elastic–plastic behaviour under constant gravity loads and incrementally increasing lateral loads. The analysis is performed for two steel frameworks of solid and hollow members. This investigation aims to analyse the difference in structural behaviour between hollow and solid frames. The technique adopted in this research is based on the conventional displacement method of elastic analysis.

Seismic Performance, Pushover, Non-linear, performance levels, Steel frame, Capacity Curves.

[1]. R. Hasan, L. Xu, D.E. Grierson, (July 2002) "Push-over analysis for performance-based seismic design" Computers and Structures 80, P. 2483–2493.
[2]. D.K. Baros , S.A. Anagnostopoulos, (Oct 2008) "An overview of pushover procedure for the analysis of building susceptible to torsional behaviour". The 14thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, Beijing, China.
[3]. Cinitha A, Umesha P.K, Nagesh R . Iyer "Evaluation of seismic performance of an existing steel building- pushover analysis approach"
[4]. T. Hasegawa ,and H. Kamura, (Oct 2008) "Seismic response prediction of steel frames utilizingplastic strain energy obtained from pushover analysis". The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, Beijing, China
[5]. Anil K. Chopra, and Rakesh K. Goel,(2004) "A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsymmetric-plan buildings" Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics, Vol 33, pp. 903–927.....

With recent advancements in electronics communication technologies more and more compact and powerful electronics devices are coming up with wireless communication capabilities, Not only computers or mobile now even vehicles are equipped with wireless communication capabilities, this advancement create need for new antennas to be developed to fit the new device and service requirements. In this paper a study of Planar Inverted F Antenna is presented. PIFA is most commonly used antenna especially in mobile communication because of its simplicity and low cost, though it suffers bandwidth limitations, some methods used for improvement in bandwidth and reduction in antenna volume are also discussed here. A compact PIFA is also proposed for WLAN Wi-Fi applications. The simulation results for RL is shown and effect of antenna dimension on simulation results has also been discussed.

Bandwidth, PIFA, Return loss, VSWR.

[1]. PIFA for Mobile Phones – Haridas.
[2]. Kathleen L.Virga and YahyaRahmat-Samii,"Low-Profile enhanced Bandwidth PIFA for Wireless Communications Packaging" IEEE Transactions on Mcrowave Theory and Techniques, vol. 45, no. 10,pp. 1879-1888, October 1997.
[3]. A.F. Muscat and C.G. Parini, "Novel Compact Handset Antenna",Antennas and Propagation, 2001. Eleventh International Conference, vol.1, pp.336-339, April 2001.
[4]. F. Wang, Z. Du, Q. Wang and K. Gong, "Enhanced-bandwidth PIFA with T-shaped ground plane", Electronic Letters, vol. 40, no. 23, pp. 1504 – 1505, Nov. 2004.
[5]. B. Kim, J. Hoon and H. Choi, "Small wideband PIFA for mobile phones at 1800 MHz," Vehicular Technology Conference, vol.-1, pp. 27-29, May 2004....

Conventional association rules mining cannot satisfy the demands emerging from certain real applications. By regarding the diverse values of distinct items as utilities, utility mining concentrates on discovering the itemsets with high utilities. In recent times, high utility pattern mining is one of the most significant research issues in data mining because of its ability to account for the non-binary frequency values of items in transactions and diverse profit values of each item. In this paper, we have presented an efficient tree structure for mining of high utility itemsets. At first, we have developed a novel utility frequent-pattern tree structure, an extended tree structure for storing crucial information about utility itemsets. Then, we have utilized the pattern growth methodology for mining the complete set of utility patterns. The efficiency of the high utility itemsets mining is achieved with two major concepts: 1) a large database is compressed into a smaller data structure as well as the utility FP-tree avoids repeated database scans, 2) our proposed FP-tree-based utility mining utilize the pattern growth method to avoid the costly generation of a large number of candidate sets in which it dramatically reduces the search space. Experimental analysis is carried out on our mining trees structure concept using different real life datasets. The performance evaluation of our proposed approach is efficient in mining high utility itemsets.

[1]. Agrawal R., Imielinski T., and Swami, A.N., "Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases", in Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Washington, D.C., pp: 207-216, 1993.
[2]. Agrawal R. and Srikant, R., "Fast algorithms for mining association rules", in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Databases, Santiago, Chile, pp: 487-499, 1994.
[3]. Mannila, H., Toivonen, H., and Verkamo, A.I., "Efficient algorithms for discovering association rules", in Proceeding of the AAAI Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Seattle, Washington, pp:
181-192, 1994.
[4]. Hong Yao, Howard J. Hamilton, Liqiang Geng, "A Unified Framework for Utility Based Measures for Mining Itemsets", in Proceedings of the Int. Workshop on Utility-Based Data Mining, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 28-37, 2006.
[5]. Christian Borgelt, "An Implementation of the FP-growth Algorithm", in Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on open source data mining: frequent pattern mining implementations, Chicago, Illinois, pp: 1 - 5, 2005....

This paper presents design and analysis of a three phase induction motor drive using IGBT‟s at the inverter power stage with variable frequency method in closed loop using dsPIC30F2023 as a controller. It is a 16 bit high-performance digital signal controller (DSC). DSC is a single chip embedded controller that integrates the controller attributes of a microcontroller with the computation and throughput capabilities of a DSP in a single core. A 1.5HP, 3-phase, 415V, 50Hz induction motor is used as load for the inverter. Digital Storage Oscilloscope Textronix TDS2024B is used to record and analyze the various waveforms. The experimental results for variable frequency control of 3-Phase induction motor using dsPIC30F2023 chip clearly shows by varying the frequency of voltage applied to the stator the speed of the motor can be controlled.

Induction motor, Variable frequency drive, dsPIC, Voltage source inverter, starter, Current source inverter.

[1]. B.K. Bose, "Recent advances in power electronics", IEEE Trans. Power Elect., vol.7, pp. 2–16, January 1992.
[2]. Xiaofeng Yang, Ruixiang Hao, Xiaojie You, Trillion Q. Zheng, "A new single-phase to three-phase cycloconverter for low cost AC drives," Proc. ICIEA 2008 3rd IEEE Conf., pp. 1752-1756, June 2008.
[3]. dsPIC30F2010 datasheet www.michrochip.com
[4]. P.M.chandrashekaraiah, "Basic Electrical Engineering", Rajeshwari Publications.
[5]. Mohan, Tore M.Undelad, William P.Robbins,1995, "Power Electronics Converters, Application and Design":, Wiley, New York....

Soil erosion is one of the most serious environment degradation problems. However reliable measurement of soil erosion remains limited and estimates of soil productivity are even rare. Identification and assessment of erosion problems play an important role in influencing better land use and conservation practices. Rainfall simulators are considered as an effective tool in soil conservation research. Simulators make it possible to produce predetermined storms at any desired instant and location. Laterite soils are by far the most important soil group occurring in Kerala. The present study was undertaken to estimate the erodibility and runoff potential of the three well-defined series of laterite soils, viz. Mannamkulam series, Naduvattom series and Vellanikkara series under various simulated rainfall intensities and land slopes. The results of the study showed that soil loss and runoff increased with increased rainfall intensity for all the slopes in all the selected soil types. A general trend of increase in soil loss and runoff with slope was also observed in all the three series of soils studied.

Erodibility, Runoff Potential, Laterite soils, Rainfall simulators.

[1]. Bosu, S. S. and Sivanappan, R.K. (1989). Design and Development of a rainfall simulator and studies on runoff and soil loss. Agric. Engg. Land Water Use: 735-740.
[2]. Ghidey, F. and Alberts, E. E. (1997). Plant root effects on soil erodibility, splash detachment, soil strength and aggregate stability. Tr. ASAE. 40(1): 129- 135.
[3]. Grosh, J.L and Jarrett, A.R. (1994). Interrill erosion and runoff on very sleep slopes. Tr. ASAE. 37(4): 1127-1133.
[4]. Hirschi, M.C, Mitchell, J.K., Feezor, D.R. and Lesikar, B.J. (1990). Microcomputer controlled laboratory rainfall simulator. Tr. ASAE. 33(6): 1950-1953.
[5]. Hudson, N.V. 1993. Field Measurement of Soil Erosion and Runoff. FAO Soils Bulletin 68, Rome pp 139..

Tube hydroforming (THF) is currently an active area of development in the automotive industry on account of its advantages it offers in comparison to other manufacturing processes. In this paper, four simulations were carried out having the same cross sectional area but different axial feeding and load paths to improve the process design in THF process, in order to help establish the feasibility of the THF processes for specific components and have the potential to reduce the number of forming trials required to standardize the process for production of high quality hydroforming components.In addition, the studies also focus on development of an experiment simulation procedures for the entire hydroforming process. The simulation results focus on the % reduction thickness. It has also focus on the axial feed and load paths which becomes an important and useful method for planning the process design analysis, design of forming process and also planning of the tool. Since they play an important role and also determine accordance of forming limits such as wrinkling, bursting and crushing .The geometry model is analyzed base on different axial load and load paths. The key issues include geometry modeling, materials selection, meshing, boundary conditions, load definition and contact between the tube and the dies.On the base of the simulation, an optimized process parameter combination has obtained and has been verified by the instrument panel frame hydroforming experiment. The works show that:

Tube hydroforming, Simulation, Load path, Process design.

[1]. M. koc , Taylor Alton. An overall review of the tube hydroforming technology. Journal of materials processing technology 384-393, 2001
[2]. A.T.Alton. Tube hydroforming; state of art and future trends.Jounal of materials processing technology 25-33, 2000
[3]. F.Dohmann, Hartl. Hydroforming research and practical application. Journal of materials processing technology 174-186. 1997
[4]. M.Ahmetoglu, K.sutter, x.j. li, T.alton. Tube hydroforming; current research, applications and need for training. Journal of materials processing technology 224-231, 2000
[5]. N. Asnafi. Analytical modeling of tube hydroforming. Thin and wall structures 295-330, 1990....

Decision Support System (DSS) is equivalent synonym as management information systems (MIS). Most of imported data are being used in solutions like data mining (DM). Decision supporting systems include also decisions made upon individual data from external sources, management feeling, and various other data sources not included in business intelligence. Successfully supporting managerial decision-making is critically dependent upon the availability of integrated, high quality information organized and presented in a timely and easily understood manner. Data mining have emerged to meet this need. They serve as an integrated repository for internal and external data-intelligence critical to understanding and evaluating the business within its environmental context. With the addition of models, analytic tools, and user interfaces, they have the potential to provide actionable information that supports effective problem and opportunity identification, critical decision-making, and strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The proposed system will support top level management to make a good decision in any time under any uncertain environment.

Dss, Dm, Mis, Clustering, Classification, Association Rule, K-Mean, Olap, Matlab.

[1]. A. Hunter and S. Parsons, "A review of uncertainty handling formalisms", Applications of Uncertainty Formalisms, LNAI 1455, pp.8-37. Springer -Verlag, 1998.
[2]. E. Hernandez and J. Recasens, "A general framework for induction of decision trees under uncertainty", Modelling with Words, LNAI 2873, pp.26–43, Springer-Verlag, 2003.
[3]. M. S. Chen, J. Han, and P. S. Yu. IEEE Trans Knowledge and Data Engineering Data mining. An overview from a database perspective, 8:866-883, 1996.

[4]. U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-Shapiro and W. J. Frawley. AAAI/MIT, Press definition of KDD at KDD96. Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 1991.
[5]. Gartner. Evolution of data mining, Gartner Group Advanced Technologies and Applications Research Note, 2/1/95.....

Alternating direction explicit and alternating direction implicit methods (ADE and ADI) were used to solve Schnakenberg model, we were found that alternating direction implicit method is much more accurate and faster than alternating direction explicit in this kind of models.

Schnakenberg model, ADE method, ADI method.

[1]. Brauer, F. and Nohel, J. A., (1973), Ordinary Differential Equations: a First Course, 2nd edition, W. A. Benjamin, INC. London.
[2]. Debnath L. ,(1997) , Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers, Birkhauser Boston.
[3]. Mathews J. H. and Fink K. D., (1999), Numerical Methods Using Matlab, Prentice- Hall, Inc.
[4]. Murray J.D.,(1993), Mathematical Biology,2nd ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin.
[5]. Nicolis G. and Prigogine I.,(1977), Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems , Wiley, New York....

In magnetically levitated system in certain applications like magnetically levitated train or bearingless motors the distance between the magnet and the levitated object has to be constant. The nonlinear system in such cases can be linearized and transfer function of the system is obtained. But a proper controller is required to manipulate the current through the magnet coil. The simplest controller to achieve this is the PID controller. But it was observed that as the levitated object deviated from the desired position, the gain of the PID controller set for one position did not hold good for some other position. Hence particle swarm optimization technique was implemented to determine the gains. Though optimal performance can be obtained for only one value of desired position y1d of the object, but acceptable performance can be there for a small range of values of y1d. PID with PSO is found to be easy to implement, has stable convergence and good computational efficiency.

Magnetic Levitation, Controller, Optimization, Particle swarm optimization.

[1]. Chiba, A., Fukao, T., Ichikawa, O., Oshima, M., Takemoto, M. and Dorrell, D. "Magnetic Bearings and Bearingless Drives", Elsevier Publications, 2005.
[2]. Trumper, D. L., Olson, S. M. and Subrahmanyan, P, K. "Linearizing control of magnetic suspension systems," IEEE Transactions on Control System Technology, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 427-438, 1997.
[3]. Shiao, Y. S. "Design and implementation of a controller for a magnetic levitation system", Proceedings National Science Council, Vol. 11 No.2, pp.88-94, 2001.

[4]. Taniguchi, M. "High Speed Rail in Japan: A review and evaluation of magnetic levitation trains", California High Speed Rail Series Working Paper, University of California Transportation Center University of California at Berkeley. pp. 1-23, 1992.
[5]. Astrom, K. J. and Hagglund, T. "PID controllers: Theory, design, and tuning", Instrument Society of America, 2nd edition, 1995....

This paper presents the behaviour of stone waste aggregate (SWA) concrete slabs under impact loading. The stone waste was obtained during extraction of layered stone (at mines) and at polishing stone industries. This stone waste is converted in useful aggregate and used in the concrete as coarse aggregate in the place of natural aggregate with replacement levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. For each replacement level, three slab specimens were cast and tested. 0% replacement level consider as Natural Aggregate Concrete (NAC) slabs. The SWA slabs were compared with natural aggregate concrete (NAC) slabs. The results showed that the SWA slab performance is less than the natural aggregate concrete slabs. From experimental results, regression models were developed to estimate energy absorption at first and ultimate crack stages. In addition to the slab specimens cubes were cast and tested. The cube strength results were used during development of regression models.

Impact, stone waste aggregate, natural aggregate, failure loads, damage analysis, regression model.

[1]. N.Venkata Ramana, C.Sashidhar, S. Subba Reddy, S. Vinay Babu S, "A Technical Feasibility Approach to Utilise the Stone Waste for Construction Works",International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,Engineering and Technology,Vol.2 (8), pp 3758-3760, 2013.
[2]. Wimal Suaris and Surendra P.Shah, "Properties of concrete subjected to impact",ASCE j.struct.Eng,109, pp 1727-1741, 1983.
[3]. Piti Sukontasukkul,Sidney Mindness and Nemkumar Banthia, "Properties of confined fibre-reinforced concrete under uniaxial compressive impact", Cement and concrete research, 35,pp11-18, 2005.
[4]. Bibiana Maria Luccioni, Mariela Luege, "Concrete pavement slab under blast loads", International journal of impact engineering ,32, pp 1248-1266, 2006.
[5]. Katrin Habel, Paul Gauvreav, "Response of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) to impact and static loading", cement and concrete research 30,pp 938-946, 2008....

The content based image retrieval (CBIR) is one of the most popular, rising research areas of the digital image pro- cessing. Most of the available image search tools, such as Google Images and Yahoo! Image search, are based on textual annotation of images. In these tools, images are manually annotated with keywords and then retrieved using text-based search methods. The performances of these systems are not satisfactory. The goal of CBIR is to extract visual content of an image automatically, like color, texture, or shape. This paper aims to introduce the problems and challenges concerned with the design and the creation of CBIR systems, which is based on a free hand sketch (Sketch based image retrieval - SBIR). With the help of the existing methods, describe a possible solution how to design and implement a task specific descriptor, which can handle the informational gap between a sketch and a colored image, making an opportunity for the efficient search hereby. The used descriptor is constructed after such special sequence of preprocessing steps that the transformed full color image and the sketch can be compared. We have studied EHD, HOG and SIFT. The SBIR technology can be used in several applications such as digital libraries, crime prevention, photo sharing sites. Such a system has great value in apprehending suspects and indentifying victims in forensics and law enforcement. A possible application is matching a forensic sketch to a gallery of mug shot images. The area of retrieve images based on the visual content of the query picture intensified recently, which demands on the quite wide methodology spectrum on the area of the image processing.

Novel Approach for Content-based Image Retrieval System.

[1]. D. Comaniciu, and P. Meer, "Robust analysis of feature spaces: color image segmentation," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 750-755, June 1997.
[2]. N. Dalal, and B. Triggs, "Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 886-893, July 2005.

[3]. T. Deselaers, D. Keysers, and H. Ney, "Features for image retrieval: an experimental comparison," Information Retrieval, vol. 11, pp. 77-107, December 2007.
[4]. M. Eitz, K. Hildebrand, T. Boubekeur, and M. Alexa, "An evaluation of descriptors for large-scale image retrieval from sketched feature lines," Computers and Graphics, vol. 34, pp. 482-498, October 2010.
[5]. R. Fabbri, L.D.F. Costa, J.C. Torelli, and O.M. Bruno, "2D Euclidean distance transform algorithms: a comparative survey," ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 44, pp. 1-44, February 2008.....

This paper presents development of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) model of an outdoor environment using TelosB sensor nodes. Extensive real-time measurement of the RSSI was done at the library field of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka for several months. The average of the measurement was taken and used for the development of the RSSI model. Least Mean Square Error (LMSE) method of linear regression analysis was used to develop the model. The developed model was tested and the goodness of fit (R2) of the model was determined to be 0.83. This confirmed that the model can be used to determine the RSSI at any given distance of an environment with similar radio characteristics.

RSSI, WSN, TelosB, Sensor nodes.

[1]. Akyildiz, I., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y. and Cayirci, E., (2002), "A survey on sensor networks". IEEE Communication Mag., Vol. 40, 102–114.
[2]. Rajaravivarma, V.; Yang, Y.; Yang, T. (2003), "An Overview of Wireless Sensor Network and Applications", Proceedings of 35th South Eastern Symposium on System Theory, Morgantown, WV, USA, Pp. 432–436.
[3]. Verdone, R.; Dardari, D.; Mazzini, G.; Conti, A., (2008), "Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks", Elsevier: London, UK , Pp 206-211.
[4]. IEEE 802.15.4 Standard. Part 15.4, (2006), "Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)"; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA.
[5]. Marko Helen, Juha Latvala, Hannu Ikonen and Jarkko Niittylahti (2001), "using Calibration in RSSI_Based Location Tracking System", Proceedings of the 5th World Multiconference on Circuits, Systems, Communications and computers....

Coal bed methane (CBM) in the coal seam is the hydrocarbon gas that mainly component methane and adsorbed on coal surface. Some Coal bed methane (CBM) free in the coal pore or dissolved in water. Coal bed methane (CBM) was emerging in nearly one hundred and twenty years of high quality clean energy. This paper is mainly introduce the characteristic of coal seam and it's differences between home and abroad ,and the current development of Coal bed methane (CBM) as well as it's exploration technology, and the method of enhancing Coal bed methane(CBM) production. This paper also compared the differences between rapid developing countries and China from the point of view of economic benefit and prospect on the development of Coal bed methane (CBM) industry in our country in the future.

Coal bed methane (CBM), energy, coal.

[1]. You ran, Global coal seam gas have so rapid development [J] Chinese oil companies,2012,(03),pp.54-55.
[2]. Li jingming, Chao haiyan, Nie zhihong, a compendium of developing CBM—a case study from developing CBM in Ordos Basin [J]. gas industries,2011,(12),pp.79-84+141.
[3]. Zhao guangyu, Study on improvement of CBM reserves [J].shanxi coal,2004,(03),pp.20-22.
[4]. Han dexin ,Tang shuhuan, the adsorption/desorption of multicomponent gas by coal[J]. Technology of coal, 2002,30(1):58-60.
[5]. Xu longjun, Liu chenglun, Injection production method to improve the recovery of coalbed methane[J]. Journal of Chongqing University,2000,23(6):42-44.....

Surface tension of a osteoblast cell in a micro chip is analysed. The effects of electrical pulse, electrode configuration ,micro channel dimension and specific property of suspension media on cell surface tension of osteoblast cell, were investigated. The effective surface tension of outer layer is exposed at micro scale pulse but for inner layer it is in peco scale pulse although pulse interval is micro scale in both cases. We find that the surface tension is non uniformly and sinusoidal distributed over the membrane In every respect position the minimum surface tension is obtained at pole θ=90 &θ=270 . But their numerical values are varied. Minimum surface tension is exposed near the high density point of high permeable area of the osteoblast cell. we also consider the effect of neighbour cells on membrane surface tension to make the result more important and realistic.

Bi layer-membrane, micro channel, osteoblast cell, membrane surface tension, dense cell.

[1]. Burchardt H.Biology of bone transplantation.Orthop Clin North Am 1987;18:187–96.
[2]. Cao Y, Yang J, Yin ZQ, Luo HY, Yang M, Hu N, Yang J, Huo DQ, Hou CJ, Jiang ZZ, Zhang RQ, Xu R, Zheng
[3]. XL (2008) Study of high-throughput cell electrofusion in a microelectrode-array chip.Microfluid Nanofluid 5:669–675
[4]. C.Chen,S.W.Smye,M.P.Robinson,J.A.Evans,embrane,elec troporation theories: a review, Published online: 2 February 2006, Med Biol Eng Comput (2006) 44: 5– 14.
[5]. Chenguo Yao,Xiaoqian Hu,Yan Mi, Chengxiang Li and Caixin Sun, Window Effect of Pulsed Electric Field on Biological Cells, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 16, No. 5;October,2009....