Concern with respect to antimicrobial resistance and the associated health threat has gained increasing attention and there has been difficulty in gaining progress globally. Given the lack of success by the two pathways established to date which have focused on: 1) "replication of infective agent" and, 2) "immune system enhancement," the current researcher has conceptualized and developed the new, or third, mode of action pathway represented by "site attachment inhibition (or, negation of cellular attachment by infective agents)." The current author anticipates site attachment inhibition therapeutics to include (A) drug (medication) based therapies in treatment of established infections; (B) new generation immunization methods (as preventative treatment) utilizing stem cell based treatment (including prenatal and earlier, spanning back to oogenesis and spermatogenesis) termed stc based immunization in previous publications; and, (C) other forms including waveform (E.g. electromagnetic radiation) based treatment..........

[1]. Raymond S (2016) Development of New Strategic Pathways for Antiviral Therapy J Clin Cell Immunol 7: 5.
[2]. Raymond S (2016) Consciousness and the Development of New Strategic Pathways for Antiviral Therapy A Focused Analysis on HIV International Journal of Sciences Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) 29: 146-154.
[3]. Raymond S (2016) The Development of New Antimicrobial Pathways Combating the Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance International Journal of Science Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) 30: 22-28.
[4]. Raymond S (2016) Combating the global threat of antimicrobial resistance and antiviral deficiencies Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) 3: 676-680.
[5]. Raymond S (2016) the role of infectious disease and inflammation in psychiatric illness Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) 3: 510-513.

For a number of years now, the use of the Metro is steadily augmenting, making it more and more difficult to ensure traffic regularity (due to a variety of technical problems, increases in exiting/boarding time and passenger accidents), which determines a loss in the system‟s energy efficiency and the increase of traction current expenses. In disadvantageous conditions, such as those found in historical stations having only one access to each platform (present notably along the north-south line 4, opened roughly a century ago) and where the movements of passengers can be disorderly, it seems possible to ameliorate the quality of spaces and the overall service through well-focused low-impact improvements. In this paper, a new signage system with a view to improving flow management and providing better information to passengers is proposed...................

[1]. Prolongement des lignes 4 et 14 du métro : deux projets approuvés par le Conseil d'Administration de la RATP, Communiqué de presse, Régie autonome des transports parisiens - RATP, Paris, 14 October 2011.
[2]. Les transports en commun en chiffres en Ile-de-France. Recueil de statistiques sur les transports en commun d'Ile-de-France, Syndicat des transports d‟Ile-de-France - STIF, Paris, 2005.
[3]. Cholet, C. (1999). Collision d‟un point et d‟un plan. Compte rendu de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris328, 455-458.

[4]. Ciarlet, P.G. Introduction to Numerical Linear Algebra and Optimisation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (GB), New York, 1989.
[5]. Cundall, P.A. (1971). A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements of blocky rock systems. Proceedings of the symposium of the international society of rock mechanics, vol. 1, 132-150.

A study on performance characteristics of Epoxy resin composite by incorporation of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) modified Fly Ash as filler fabricated using Hand Layup Technique is carried out. The modified Fly Ash was observed to disperse more uniformly than unmodified counterpart. The filler (SLS modified Fly Ash) concentration was varied from 0-25 wt%. The effects of varying concentration of filler (SLS modified Fly Ash) on Mechanical, Thermal properties were discussed. The filler loading optimization were discussed. The incorporation of different weight percentage loading of Fly Ash ( 0-25 wt%) improved the tensile modulus. The optimum strengthening improvement occurs in composition with 20 wt% of treated Fly Ash. Greater the concentration than 25 wt% lowers the tensile strength because of agglomeration and clustering problem. The optimum loading percentage is investigated with optimum performance characteristics with ecology.

[1]. Maiti S.N, Lopez B.H. Tensile properties of polypropylene/kaolin composites. J.Appl Polym Sci 1992; 44(2):353–360.
[2]. Kim J K, Mai Y W. Interfaces in Composites, Materials Science and Technology, Structure and Properties of Composites, Germany: VCH, 1993; 229-289.
[3]. George Wypych. Handbook of Fillers. 2nd Ed. Plastics Design Library, pp 545-546.
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The current paper presents the development of a visualization tool (EnvIn 3D 2015) for producing dynamic simulations of actual forested landscapes. The tool is based on the Unity engine and framework, a system for designing game or 3D app scenes. Specifically, this work involves creating a three dimensional interactive representation of a region through an application that enables the user to create a synthetic environment. The main difference from similar computing systems is that it puts the user at the center of activities. We describe in detail its construction and architecture, through the application to an actual forest landscape with thousands of trees to show how this system can be used to simulate the changes of forest landscapes that occur as a result of natural processes or man-made disturbances. Technologies such as Unity, and associated utilized add-ons have been chosen as the most suitable for the interactive visualization of the forest model.

[1]. Karjalainen, E., Tyrväinen, L., (2002). Visualization in landscape preference research: a review of Finnish forest visualization systems. Landsc Urban Plan, 885, 1-16.
[2]. Kantartzis, A., Malesios, C., (2018). A Decision Support System Web-Application for the Management of Forest Road Network. J Environ Sci Eng A (accepted for publication).
[3]. Zhang, H., Hua, W., Wang, Q., Bao, H., (2006). Fast display of largescale forest with fidelity. CAVW, 17(2), 83–97.
[4]. Ervin, S.M., Hasbrouck, H., (1999). Thirty years of computing in landscape architecture. Landsc. Architect, C 89 (11), 54–56.

Generally items received or produced are not of 100% good quality. Some of them are defective and some them may be repairable. A deterministic inventory model with imperfect quality and repairable items is developed when deterioration rate is different during a cycle. Here it is assumed that demand is a function of price and time. Numerical example is taken to support the model. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out for parameters.

[1]. Aggarwal, S.P. and Goel, V.P. (1984): Order level inventory system with demand pattern for deteriorating items; Eco. Comp. Econ. Cybernet, Stud. Res., Vol. 3, pp. 57-69.
[2]. Cheng, T.C.E. (1991): An economic quantity model with demand dependent unit production cost and imperfect production process; IIE Transactions, Vol. 23, pp. 23-28.
[3]. Covert, R.P. and Philip, G.C. (1973): An EOQ model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration; American Institute of Industrial Engineering Transactions, Vol. 5, pp. 323-328.
[4]. Ghare, P.N. and Schrader, G.F. (1963): A model for exponentially decaying inventories; J. Indus. Engg., Vol. 15, pp. 238-243.
[5]. Gothi, U.B., Joshi, M. and Parmar, K. (2017): An inventory model of repairable items with exponential deterioration and linear demand rate; IOSR Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 75-82.

Blast-resistant doors are engineered structures purposed for the protection of lives, important equipment and materials in civil and military facilities including plants, industrial and national assets, shelters or ammunition storage facilities. The present study compares the behavioral change of the blast-resistant door structure according to the boundary conditions provided by hinges and latches. The analytic results revealed that (1) placing a hinge at mid-height of the door was more effective than placing a latch in reducing the deflection at the center of the door and, that (2) placing latches at the upper and lower edges of the door or near the corners of the door was appropriate for reducing the deflection developed along the edges of the door. Moreover, the analysis showed that the resistance-to-deformation of the support..........

[1]. W. Chen, H. Hao (2012) Numerical study of a new multi-arch double-layered blast-resistance door panel, International Journal of Impact Engineering 43, pp.12-28.
[2]. C. Koh, K. Ang, P. Chen (2003) Dynamic analysis of shell structures with application to blast resistant door, Shock and Vibration 10, pp.269-279.
[3]. M. Anderson, D. Dover, (2003) Lightweight, Blast-Resistant Doors for Retrofit Protection Against the Terrorist Threat, 2nd International Conference on Innovation in Architecture Engineering and Construction, Loughborough University, pp.23-33.
[4]. F. Meng, B. Zhang, Z. Zhao, Y. Xu, H.Fan, F. Jin (2016) A novel all-composite blast-resistant door structure with hierarchical stiffeners, Composite Structures 148, pp.113-126.
[5]. M.W. Hsieh, J.P. Hung, D.J. Chen (2008) Investigation on the blast resistance of a stiffened door structure, J. Mar. Sci. Technol., 16(2), pp.149-157.

In this paper , we define and study the concept of weakly generalized regular closed (brifly.wgrclosed) sets, wgr-open functions, wgr-closed functions ,wgr-Homeomorphism and wgr-Hausdorff spaces. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) : 54A05,54B05,54C08 ,54D10

[1]. A.Al-Omari and M.S.Noorani , On generalized b-closed sets, Bull.Malays.Sci.Soc.,32 (2009) , 19-30.
[2]. D.Andrijevic , Semi-preopen sets, Mat.Vesnik, 38 (1) (1986), 24-32.
[3]. D.Andrijevic , On b-open sets . Mat . Vesnik , 48 (1996) , 59-64.
[4]. S. Bhattacharya ''On Generalized Regular Closed Sets'' Int.J.Contemp. Math.Science. Vol.6, No.3 (2011),145-152
[5]. J.Dontchev and M.ganster,On -generalized closed sets and T3/4 -spaces, Mem, Fac.sei. Kochi Uni.Ser A math. 17(1996). 15-31.

This report aims to evaluate the dilemma that Telly Toys Limited(TT Limited) is facing the sharply falling on profit compared with 2015. Based on the analysis of the company and the outlook of the toy industry, we put forward Recommendations and the implementation. The toys market is saturated in HK, but have huge potential in the mainland of China and other countries. The report is concluded the SWOT analysis which presents the basic problems TT Limited had. Next part is the proposal strategy TT Limited should choose. The ethical issues are addressed in the final part and a list of suggestions are given.

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The adjustable PV cells panels are currently not widely deployed. The main reasons are the cost of the additional parts that are needed for adjustment. Such cost is greater than the additional energy generated due to the sun tracking for some locations. This research contributes to the ongoing discussions about the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and draws attention to considering various PV array tracking systems by different researchers for the power generation. The PV tracking system configurations are considered in the present study.

[1]. R. Alik, "A Study of Shading Effect on Photovoltaic Modules with Proposed P&O Checking Algorithm," International journal of Electrical and Computer engineering, IJECE, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 29-40, 2017.
[2]. P. A. Basore, "Manufacturing a New Polycrystalline Silicon PV Technology" Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, pp. 2089-2093, 2006.
[3]. E. H. Chahid,"Effect of Measurement Factors on Photovoltaic Cell Parameters Extracting," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, IJECE, Vol. 7, No.1, pp. 50-57, 2017.
[4]. F. Chenlo and M. Cid,, "A linear concentrator photovoltaic module: analysis of non-uniform illumination and temperature effects on efficiency," Sol. Cells, Vol. 20, pp. 27–39, 2008.
[5]. M. S. Ismail,"Analysis and evaluation of various aspects of solar radiation in the Palestinian territories," Energy Convers Manage, pp. 7357–7368, 2013.

With the advanced development of information and communication technology (ICT), there is a growing number of devices that allow us to gain easy access to diverse information in our surrounding life spaces. In particular, the mobile provision of information, such as through portals, produces and distributes diverse tailored information services. While many people, however, have and use mobile devices, such devices are less likely to allow the utilization of information because among the mobile device users, there are those who do not use the Internet at all or who do not know how to use the Internet. In particular, many older people have mobile devices yet do not use its functions other than making a call. Thus, this study aimed to promote the use of information service devices that are easily accessible because they are situated in public places by presenting measures for improving the information provision method. In particular, to derive the information that the users of information provision devices want to have through the bus information system (BIS), which is the most easily accessible information system, improvement measures were derived using the easily accessible importance performance analysis (IPA).

[1]. W. S. Shin and A. Feunekes, "Analysis of Importance-Performance technique for instructor evaluation at nols, Journal of Agricultural Science," Chungbuk National Unversity, Vol.11, No.1, pp.20-39, 1993.
[2]. M. R. Evans and K. Chon, "Formulating and evaluating tourism policy using importanceperformance analysis," Hospitality Education and Research Journal, Vol.13, No.1, pp.203-213, 1989
[3]. J. A. Martilla and J. C. James, "Importance-Performance Analysis," Journal of Marketing, Vol.41, No.1, pp.77-79, 1977.

[4]. Y. C. Huang, C. H. Wu, and C. J. H. Jovan, "Using Importance-Performance Analysis in Evaluating Taiwan Medium and Long Distance National Highway Passenger Transportation Service Quality," Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol.8, No.2, pp.98-104, 2000.
[5]. H. Qu, L. Li, and K. T. C. Gilder, "The comparative analysis of Hong kong as an international conference destination in Southeast Asia," Tourism Management, Vol.21, No.6, pp.643-648, 2000.

Road damage by overload is extremely serious in terms of road maintenance. Roads that should be safe for people's fast traffic can be dangerous, and blocking lanes for restoration may cause inconvenience. To address such problems, many countries are conducting research on the application of weigh-in-motion (WIM) and high-speed weigh-in-motion (HS-WIM), and are actually utilizing these. These facilities require accurate measurement because they are related to crackdowns and play a significant role in preventing road damage. Therefore, the high accuracy of WIM is required, and it is necessary to compare the major sensors that are installed and operated. It is also necessary to correct sensors with relatively low accuracy so that the target evaluation score can be achieved...........

[1]. Soon-Min kwon, "Development and Application of the High Speed Weigh-in-motion for Overweight Enforcement," Journal of the Korean Society of Road Engineers, Vol4, No11, pp.69-78, 2009
[2]. D. Gil, "Characteristics of Heavy Vehicles Using Expressway NetworksBased on Weigh -in-motion Data" Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol33, No5, 1731-1740, 2013
[3]. M. Kim, "A Study of Representative Vehicle for Calibration of WIM(Weigh-In-Motion)" , Vol, No, PP.134-139, 2003.
[4]. D. Han, "Introduction of WIM system and Reform Measuer of Korea WIM Specification" Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol56, No1, PP.58-68, 2008
[5]. Min-Cheil Soon, An Application Study of HS-WIM System for the concrete pavement, A master's thesis, Seoul Institute of Industrial Technology, 2009

Pursing happy and meaningful life is the expectation of every individual. Recreation and leisure has multiple meanings based on individual's experiences and perceptions. Recreation is viewed from individual's perspective. This paper is an attempt to understand the leisure time available, willingness to spend on the leisure activities,, to identify the most preferred Leisure activity, to analyse the factors influencing leisure services and the expectations of respondents from the leisure service providers. The Paper aims at identifying the expectations of respondents and suggests that as a business opportunity. Reviews shows that the abundant leisure time is not spent properly in pursuit of happiness...........

[1]. Yoshitaka Iwasaki (2016): Contributions of leisure to ―meaning-making‖ and its implications for leisure studies and services, Annals of Leisure Research, DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2016.1178591
[2]. Baud-Bovy, M. 2002. Tourism and recreation handbook of planning and design. Oxford: Architectural Press
[3]. Torkildsen, G. 1999. Leisure and Recreation Management. London, New York: Routledge
[4]. Martin Seligman1, Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment (New York: Free Press, 2002).
[5]. Jay B. Nash, Philosophy of Recreation and Leisure (Dubuque, Iowa: W.C. Brown Co., 1960).

Missing traffic data will unfortunately yet inevitably occur. The seriousness of this problem has been recognized, and new response measures have been sought. The circulation distribution model (CDM) was applied to the existing circulation model using the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and the Traffic Monitoring Guide published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHAW), the proposed overall mean absolute percent error (oMAPE) was assessed, and the model's suitability for use in evaluating the traffic volume was verified after the analysis of its statistical suitability

[1]. Little, R.A., Rubin, D.B.(1987), Statistical Analysis with Missing Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[2]. America Society for Testing and Materials(1991), ASTM Standard Practice E1442, Highway Traffic Monitoring Standards. Philadelphia, PA
[3]. America Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(1992), AASHTO Guidelines for Traffic Data Programs. Washington, D.C.
[4]. Clark, S.D.(1992), Application of Outlier Detection and Missing Value Replacement Techniques to Various Forms of Traffic Count Data, ITS Working Paper 384, Univ. of Leeds, UK.
[5]. Sharma, S.C., Kilburn, P., Wu, Y.Q, The Precision of AADT Volumes Estimates from Seasonal Traffic Counts : Alberta Example, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol.23 No.1,1996.

The concept of using alcohol fuels as alternative to diesel fuel in diesel engine is recent one. The scarcity of transportation petroleum fuels due to the fast depletion of the petroleum deposits and frequent rise in their costs in the international market have spurred many efforts to find alternatives. Alcohols were quickly recognized as prime candidates to displace or replace high octane petroleum fuels. Innovative thinking led to find varies techniques by which alcohol can be used as fuel in diesel engine. Amongst the fuel alternative proposed, the most favourest ones are methanol. The specific tendency of alcohols to ignite easily from a hot surface makes it suitable to ignite in a diesel engine by different methods. The advantage of this property of alcohols enables to design and construct a new type of engine called surface ignition engine. Methanol and ethanol are very susceptible to surface ignition, this method is very suitable for these fuels. The hot surfaces which, can be used in surface ignition engine are electrically heated glow plug with hot surface. Hence present research work carries the experimental investigation on glow plug hot surface ignition engineon different piston crown materials like Bronze Crown Aluminium, Piston Copper Crown Aluminium Piston, Nimonic alloy Crown Aluminium Piston...............

[1]. B. Karthikeyan, K. Srithar, Performance characteristics of a glowplug assisted low heat rejection dieselengine using ethanol, Accepted 12 July 2010 Available online 12 August 2010 Applied Energy 88 (2011) 323–329.
[2]. Eugene Ecklund E, Richard Bechtold L, Thomas Timbario J, Peter MccallumW.State- of-the-art report on the use of alcohols in diesel engines. SAE paper840118; 1984.
[3]. French CCJ. Ceramics in reciprocating internal combustion engines.SAE paper 841135; 1984.
[4]. Thring RH. Low heat rejection engines.SAE paper 860314; 1986.
[5]. Goetz WA. Utilizing neat methanol and glow plug ignition in DI Diesels: laboratory testing of a single and multi-cylinder engine. SAE paper 941044; 1994.

The method of modeling normal and worn gear teeth and their mechanical behavior constitute the work presented in this document. In this approach, the use of the SOLIDWORKS software was necessary to conduct this study. For the modeling of straight cylindrical gears before and after wear in SOLIDWORKS, we have adopted the method of guiding curves. The study of a new composite material with a thermoplastic matrix, high density polyethylene reinforced with 40% birch fibers called HDPE 40, we have therefore integrated this new material into the library of materials available in SOLIDWORKS.A program to calculate the forces at each point of the profile as a function of the normalised position has been developed. Then five zones were chosen for the application of forces. For this purpose, small areas have been created in these areas in order to apply the forces. This allowed us to obtain the stresses and deformations.

[1]. F. Mijiyawa, D. Koffi, B. V. Kokta, F. Erchiqui, L. Toubal, Renforcement des thermoplastiques par les fibres de bois pour une application aux engrenages : prédiction du module élastique en traction, 2013
[2]. Koffi, D., Analyse des méthodes de dimensionnement des engrenages en plastiques, Note de veille technologique réalisée pour le CETIM (Senlis), France, 2004
[3]. Koffi, D., Etude du comportement thermique des engrenages cylindriques droits en plastique, Thèse de Ph.D., Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Mars 1987
[4]. Koffi, D., Gauvin, R.& Yelle, H., Heat generation in thermoplastic spur gear ASME,Journal of mechanism transmission and automation in design, Mars 1985
[5]. A. Bravo, L. Toubal, D. Koffi, F. Erchiqui, Development of novel green and biocomposite materials: Tensile and flexural properties and damage analysis using acoustic emission, Octobre 2014

Concrete deep beams in building have become increasingly popular worldwide. The major codes of practice offer little guidance for design of deep beams especially when openings in the web region are provided for essential services, so an analytical model is proposed to solve this problem herein. Thirty-Nine specimens evaluated analytically using finite element method (ANSYS 14.0 Program) to study the behavior of high–strength reinforced concrete deep beams with openings. Specimens are simply supported deep beams of effective span 1800 mm from support to support. An overhanging length of 240 mm from each support was to provide an adequate anchorage length of steel reinforcement and to prevent any local failure at support. Cross section dimensions of each beam are 120 mm width and 600 mm thickness................

[1]. Ashraf Ragab Mohamed, Mohie S. Shoukry, Janet M. Saeed (2014) "Prediction of the behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams with web openings using the finite element method", Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt, Received 8 December 2013; revised 11 February 2014; accepted 2 March 2014 Available online 26 March 2014, Alexandria Engineering Journal (2014) 53, 329–339.
[2]. ACI code 318-11 (2011) "Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete", American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 2011.
[3]. De Paiva, H.A. and Siess, C.P.(1965) "Strength and behavior of deep beams in shear". J Struct. Div., ASCE; ST5:19–41 (1965).
[4]. Maxwell, B. S. and Breen, J. E. (2000)"Experimental Evaluation of Strut –and-Tie Applied to Deep Beam with Opening", ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 97, NO. 1, pp.142-148.
[5]. Guan Hong (2005b) "Strut-and-tie model of deep beams with web openings –An optimization approach" Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Vol. 19, No 4, pp. 119.

The purpose of this study was to develop a downward flow type filtration facility named as CYFILTER for treatment of non-point pollution sources and to evaluate the feasibility of field application through performance test. The developed CYFILTER sought to increase in treatment efficiency by designing the filter sand, a granular media, as two layers and ease the washing by adopting backwashing. The developed CYFILTER was pilot-scale, and the performance test was conducted based on the "experimental method of filtration facility" in the manual for installation and management of the facility of non-point pollution published by the Ministry of Environment of Korea. The results of the head loss test showed that average head loss in medium layer and whole device were 7.73 and 9.40 cm, respectively, which are satisfying the design standard (10 cm or less for whole device, 20 cm or less for medium layer)................

[1]. Lee, M.; Park, G.; Park, M.; Park, J.; Lee, J.; Kim, S. Evaluation of non-point source pollution reduction by applying best management practices using a swat model and quickbird high resolution satellite imagery. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010, 22, 826-833.
[2]. Cho, J.; Park, S.; Im, S. Evaluation of agricultural nonpoint source (agnps) model for small watersheds in korea applying irregular cell delineation. agricultural water management 2008, 95, 400-408.
[3]. Park, S.S.; Lee, Y.S. A water quality modeling study of the nakdong river, korea. Ecological Modelling 2002, 152, 65-75.

A driving environment analysis platform based on vehicle sensors is being developed to provide various driving environment information. In order to provide driving environment information to the users, the vehicle sensing data collected from the individual vehicle sensors should be aggregated at regular time intervals.However, the time aggregation interval of the existing system is mostly aggregated at the time interval of 5 minutes, so that it can not satisfy the users who demand more detailed road weather information and road traffic information.Therefore, in this study, the appropriate time aggregation interval of individual vehicle sensing data is determined in order to provide road driving environment information.The mean square error (MSE) was used to determine the aggregation interval, and the time aggregation interval was calculated as 30 seconds.

[1]. The TAAS(Traffic Accident Analysis System) website. [Online]. Available: http://taas.koroad.or.kr/
[2]. The KTDB(Korea Transport DataBase) website. [Online]. Available: https://www.ktdb.go.kr/
[3]. I. Jung, K. Chong, "Development of Information Technology Infrastructures through Construction of Big Data Platform for Road Driving Environment Analysis", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 669-678, 2018.
[4]. Byron J. Gajewski, Shawn M. Turner, William L. Eisele and Clifford H. Spiegelman, "Intelligent Transportation System Data Archiving: Statistical Techniques for Determining Optimal Aggregation Widths for Inductive Loop Detector Speed Data", Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board,vol. 1719, pp.85-93, 2000.
[5]. S. Yoo, J. No, D. Park,"Investigating Optimal Aggregation Interval Size of Loop Detector Data for Travel Time ", Journal of Korean Society of Transportation,vol. 22, no. 6, pp.109-118, 2004.

Soil stabilization is most important for the construction which is widely used in connection with road pavement and foundation construction because it improves the engineering properties of soil such as strength. Utilization of industrial waste materials in the improvement of soils is a cost efficient and environment friendly method. Stabilization of the expansive soil is studied by using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Plastic Fibres. The present investigation is to evaluate the compaction and CBR values of stabilized black cotton soil using GGBS and plastic fibre mixes. The geotechnical properties like compaction parameters and California Bearing Ratio increase which indicates the improvement in strength. From these results, it was found that optimum percentage of GGBS is 15% and of plastic fibres is 1% which gives the maximum increment in the CBR value compared with all the other combinations.

[1]. Venkata Rao., E and M.Rama Krishna (2017) "Improvement Of Black Cotton Soil Using GGBS and Polypropylene Fibres", International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.5, Issue.2, pp.336-344.
[2]. Suresh Reddy.T and Dr. D S V Prasad (2017),"Stabilization of Soil Using Sugarcane Straw Ash and Polypropylene Fibres" International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS), Volume-4, Issue-6, PP.5-8.
[3]. Dayalan J (2016),"Comparative Study on Stabilization of Soil With Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Fly Ash", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) ,Volume:03, Issue:05,pp.2198 – 2204.
[4]. Tirtha Sathi Bandyopadhyay, Singh AK,Pandey V, et al. Stabilization of Soil using GGBS and Calcium Carbide Residue, Int J Innovative Res Sci Eng Technol. 2016; 5(9): 17023–17030.
[5]. Habung Duyu, Tao Tania and Mukul Dhake (2015), "Study on Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on the Properties of Black Cotton Soil and Red Soil" International Journal of Science and Research ,Volume 6, Issue 5, pp.418-422.