Version - 1 (August 2014) |
Parveen, Monika Bhattacharya, Jyotika Jogi |
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| Evaluation of Noise Coefficients for Separate Gate InAlAs/InGaAs Double Heterostructure DG-HEMT | ||||||||||||
This paper presents an analytical model for the evaluation of noise coefficients for separate Gate
In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As DG-HEMT. The intrinsic noise sources due to voltage applied to the two gates are
computed individually and the resultant noise coefficients are also evaluated. The analytical results show good
agreement with the simulated data.
Double gate, HEMT, Noise coefficient, Separate gate, Silvaco Atlas Device simulator.
[1]. Y.Yoshimi, A. Endoh, K.Shinohara, K.Hikosaka, T.Matsui, S. Hiyamizu, and T.Mimura, "Pseudomorphic In0.52Al0.48As/In0.7Ga0.3As HEMTs with an ultrahigh fT of 562 GHz," IEE Electron
Device Letters, vol.23,no.10,pp.573-575,Oct. 2002. [2]. K. H. G. Duh, P. C. Chao, S. M. J. Liu, P. Ho, M. Y.Kao, and J. M. Ballingall, "A super low-noise 0.1 μm T- gate InAlAs-InGaAs-InP HEMT, "IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters,vol.1,no.5, pp.114-116,May 1991. [3]. Suemitsu, Tetsuya, and Masami Tokumitsu,"InP HEMT technology for high-speed logic and communications," IEICE transactions on electronics, vol.E90-C ,no.5, pp.917-922, May 2007. [4]. B.G.Vasallo, N.Wichmann, S.Bollaert, Y.Roelens, A.Cappy, T. Gonzalez, D.Pardo and J.Mateos, "Comparison Between the Dynamic Performance of Double- and Single-Gate AlInAs/InGaAs HEMTs," IEEE Trans Electron Device, vol.54,no.11,pp.2815-2822, Nov. 2007. [5]. B. G. Vasallo, N.Wichmann, S.Bollaert, Y.Roelens, A.Cappy, T.Gonzalez, D.Pardo and J.Mateos, "Comparison Between the Noise Performance of Double- and Single-Gate AlInAs/InGaAs HEMTs," IEEE Trans Electron Device, vol.55, no.6, pp.1535-1540, June 2008.
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Vijai Krishna, Nikita Naik, Sadhana Chaurasi |
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Bio Medical Waste Management in Varanasi City, (U.P.), India |
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Biomedical Waste (BMW) collection and proper disposal has become a significant concern for both
the medical and the general community. The scientific "Bio Medical Waste Management" is of vital importance
as its improper management poses risks to the health care workers, waste handlers, patients, community in
general and largely the environment. The objective of the study is to assess current practices of Bio
medical Waste management including generation, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal in
Varanasi city. The information/data regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management practices and safety was
collected from Centre for pollution control (C.P.C.) Varanasi and through the visits which was made at the
biomedical waste treatment plant of centre for pollution control located at Varanasi. About 51% of the hospitals,
nursing homes and pathological laboratories of Varanasi district are actively cooperating with C.P.C i.e. these
are the registered members for waste treatment whereas remaining 49% are not involved in the biomedical
waste management of the city. Similarly biomedical waste of around 56% of the total hospital beds are being
treated and 44% is not being treated. Overall, through the study it was found that the C.P.C. is playing a great
role in biomedical waste disposal and keeping our environment clean and healthy. Biomedical waste is being
properly managed in Varanasi district with only scope of improvement that more hospitals should get involved
with C.P.C and cooperate with them so that biomedical waste does not remain a problem in the district.
Biomedical waste, Community health, Environmental health, hospital, Disease
[1]. Coronel, B., Durosellet, P., Behrt, H., Moskovtchenko, J. F., & Freney, J. In situ decontamination of
medical wastes using oxidative agents, a 16-month study in a polyvalent intensive care unit. The
Journal of Hospital Infection, 50(3), 207–212. (2002).
[2]. Chintis, V., Chintis, S., Vaidya, K., Ravikant, S., Patil, S., & Chintis, D. S. Bacterial population changes in hospital effluent treatment plant in central India. Water Research, 38(2), 441–447. (2004). [3]. Muhlich, M., Scherrer, M., & Daschner, F. D. Comparison of infectious waste management in European hospitals. The Journal of Hospital Infection, 55(4), 260– 268. (2003). [4]. Sigsgaard, T., Malmros, P., Nersting, L., & Petersen, C. Respiratory disorders and atopy in Danish refuse workers. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 149(6), 1407–1412. (1994). [5]. Ray, M. R., Roychoudhury, S., Mukherjee, G., Roy, S., & Lahiri, T. Respiratory and general heal impairments of workers employed in a municipal solid waste disposal at an open landfill site in Delhi. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 208(4), 255–262. (2005).
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Kiran Ravikumar |
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| Mechanical Behavior of Composite Tapered Lamina | ||||||||||||
Composite lamina is widely used in a variety of applications. The laminas used are of different shapes.
Based on the shape of the laminas its mechanical behavior also changes. Laminas that are tapered along a single
direction are one of the most commonly used.We can analyze these laminas by considering them as a set of regular
laminas of varying lengths arranged one above the other. This paper gives an alternative set of formulae that can be
used to determine the mechanical behavior of such laminas. The formulae speak about the manner in which the
tapered lamina deforms along each axis. A Compliance matrix will be formulated specifically for the analysis of
composite tapered laminas. For this paper the data obtained from the derived formulae is verified against the data
obtained from already existing FEA software like ABAQUS.
Lamina/Ply; Strength; Mechanical Properties; Analytical Modeling; Composite; Stiffness Matrix;
Compliance Matrix.
[1]. Madhujit Mukhopadhyay, Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, Universities Press, 2004.
[2]. Isaac M. Daniel and OriIshai, Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, Oxford Universities Press, 1994. [3]. K. He, S. V. Hoa and R. Ganesan, The study of Tapered Laminated Composite Structures, Composites Science and Technology, 2000.
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N. Aruna, M. Kumar, S.V. Jagadeesh Chandra |
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| Squeeze-Film Gas Damping In a Pzt Accelerometer | ||||||||||||
The model of a micro system accelerometer shows how to couple squeeze-film gas damping, which
you model with the nonlinear Reynolds equation, to displacement in the sensor. This example models the solid
moving parts in the accelerometer using the Solid and Structural Mechanics interface, in this study we observe
the proof-mass deformation at applied different ambient pressure top and bottom face of the plates. We observe
the result in 2D and 3D graphs with piezoelectric material. The presence of the piezoelectric material on the
tethers changes the dynamics somewhat and reduce the maximum stress that the tether bases can be subjected
to, owning to the fact that the fracture stress of PZT material are typically an order of magnitude less than that of
single crystal silicon. This model solves the squeeze film air damping on the lower and upper surfaces using the
Film-Damping shell interface.
MEMS, PZT thin film, gas damping, accelerometer
[1]. B. S. Sreeja and S. Radha, "design and implementation of MEMS based differential voltage controlled
oscillator ", In proceedings of EIT "2009, Windsor, Canada, 2009, pp.202-206.
[2]. B. Liu, Q. Yao and B. Kriegbaum, "Finite element based design and optimization for piezoelectric accelerometers ", Proceeding for Inter-Noice 98, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1998. [3]. L.P Wang, , R.A. Wolf, Jr., Y. Wang, K. K. DENG, L, Zou, R.J. davis, and S. Trolier-Mckinstry, "design, Fabrication, and Measurement o High-Sensitivity Piezoelectric Micromechanical Systems Accelerometers", Journal of Micromechanical Systems, Vol. 12, No. 4, August 2003, pp.433-440. [4]. J.B.Starr,"Squeeze –film Damping in solid –state Accelerometers," Technical design IEEE Solid-state Sensor and Actuator workshop,p.47,1990. [5]. TVeijola,H.Kuisma.J.Lahdenpera,and T.Ryhanen, "Equivalent-circuit model of the squeezed Gas film in a silicon Accelerometers ," sensors and actuators, A 48, pp.239-248, 1995.
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Kifayah Abbood Alsaffar |
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| Integrating Computerized Maintenance Management System And Energy Efficiency Management System A New Modified Approach | ||||||||||||
Integrating maintenance management and energy efficiency management computerized systems by
restructuring an organization's maintenance enterprise information system to include energy usage data can save
time and money that would be spent on creating and operating a separate electronic enterprise information system for energy usage. This paper proposes to add more modules necessary for energy efficiency management to an organization's existing computerized maintenance management system to be more efficient and effective. The main objective of the maintenance department can be restructured to change from being cost focused to profit focused. Since energy utility bills and life of equipment directly affect an organization's profits, the maintenance management department can be enabled to function as a profit saving center instead of a cost center. Increasing equipment life through effective maintenance and reducing energy utility bills directly increases the profits of an organization. Computerized Maintenance Management System CMMS, Energy Efficiency Management System
EEMS,M&T Monitoring and Targeting
[1]. Computerized Maintenance Management System Increases Efficiency. Modern Machine Shop, 2011.
83(10): P. 118-118,120.
[2]. D. O'donoghue, J.G. Prendergast,Implementation And Benefits Of Introducing A Computersied Maintenance SystemInto A Textile Manufacturing Company Journal Of Materials Processing Technology, Volumes 153–154, 10 November 2004, Pages 226-232c. [3]. Anthony Kelly, Computerized Maintenance, Plant Maintenance Management Set, Volume 1, 2006, Pages 189-197, Http://Buildingsdatabook.Eren.Doe.Gov/Chapterintro1.Aspx [4]. Europe's Buildings Under The Microscopea Country-By-Country Review Of The Energy Performance Of Buildings,Published In October 2011 By Buildings Performance Institute Europe [5]. Katharina Bunse, Integrating energy efficiency performance in production management – gap analysis between industrial needs and scientific literatureJournal of Cleaner Production Volume 19, Issues 6–7, April–May 2011, Pages 667–679
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M.Arulmani, V.R.Hema Latha |
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| RAKSHA BANDHAN CULTURE?... (A New theory on "Kachcha Thread") | ||||||||||||
This scientific research article focus that "RAKSHA BANDHAN" is considered as famous Indian
annual culture celebration not only being celebrated in Northern part of India but in entire "South Asia" to
promote and strengthen Brothers, Sisters relationship by tying colourful thread in the hand wrist.
It is speculated that "Raksha Bandhan culture" might be derived from Ancient "Kachcha Thread
culture" of Kachcha theevu populations. Kachcha thread shall mean tying "THREE FOLD BLACK
THREAD". In proto Indo Europe language the Kachcha thread shall mean "Kari Nool". Kari Nool shall mean "BLACK BONDAGE".....
a) Philosophy of "Kachcha thread culture?...
b) Philosophy of word "Raksha Bandhan?... c) Philosophy of word "Markandey Katju?... d) Philosophy of word "National Anthem?... e) Philosophy of "Agal Vilakku"?... [1]. Intensive Internet "e-book" study through, Google search and wikipedia
[2]. M.Arulmani, "3G Akkanna Man", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2011 [3]. M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "Tamil the Law of Universe", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012 [4]. Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihriah, "Essentials of management", Tata McGraw-Hill publications, 2005 [5]. M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "First Music and First Music Alphabet", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
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V.Naga Bhushana Rao, I.N.Niranjan Kumar, K.Bala Prasad, N.Madhulata |
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| Failure mechanisms in turbine blades of a gas turbine Engine –an overview | ||||||||||||
For the past few decades, the gas turbines have been operated at elevated temperatures to have the
advantage of achieving higher and higher power output and engine efficiency. The turbine blade is one of the
most important components of the gas turbine and is principally made of Nickel base super alloys. Superalloys
are metallic materials for service at high temperatures and the excellent thermal stability, tensile and fatigue
strengths, resistance to creep and hot corrosion, and micro structural stability possessed by nickel-base super
alloys render the material an optimum choice for application in turbine blades. The main function of turbine
blade is to translate thermal energy of gas at high temperature and high pressure into mechanical work. The gas
turbine blades operates at very high temperature under conditions of extreme environmental attack and
subjected to degradation by oxidation, corrosion and wear etc. Generally, during operation, the turbine blades
are subjected to the failure mechanisms like fatigue, creep, corrosion and sulphidation etc. The failure of turbine
blades may have severe impact on safety and reliability of the gas turbine engine. Keeping this in view, in this
paper an attempt has been made to review the blade failure mechanisms and blade failure with some case studies.
Turbine blade, Failure mechanisms, Creep, Hot corrosion, Fatigue.
[1]. Carter T J, Common failures in gas turbine blades, Engineering Failure Analysis, 12(2005) 237–247.
[2]. Eady C, Modes of Gas Turbine Component Life Consumption, Chapter 4, PP : 4.3 – 4.5 [3]. Huda Z, Development of heat-treatment process for a P/M superalloy for turbine blades, Mater Des, 28(5)(2007) 1664–1667. [4]. Meheranwan P Boyce, Materials, The gas turbine engineering handbook. 2nd edition, Houston, Texas: Gulf Professional Publishing, 2002, 411. [5]. Sims CT, Non metallic Materials for gas turbine engines:are they real, Advanced Material Processes, Volume 139(6), (1999) 32-39.
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Potturi Reshma, Dr.B.Srinivasarao |
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| Ascendable Architecture for Wandering Services in Social Networks | ||||||||||||
A mobile ubiquity services is an important element of cloud computing environments, for the reason
it keeps an up-to-date list of presence information of mobile user. If presence updates occur often the number of
messages distributed by presence server may lead to scalability problem and buddy list search problem in largescale
mobile presence services. To overcome the scalability problem proposed an efficient and ascendable
server architecture called presence cloud. It organizes the presence server in to quorum based server-server
architecture for efficient searching. When a mobile user joins a network or internet, presence cloud searches the
presence information. It also achieves small constant search latency by the directed search algorithm and onehop
caching strategy. Anatomize the performance of presence cloud in terms of search cost and search
satisfaction level, without compromising each other.
Mobile ubiquity services, presence cloud, one-hop cache, latency, buddy list.
[1]. R.B. Jennings, E.M. Nahum, D.P. Olshefski, D. Saha, Z.-Y. Shae, and C. Waters, "A Study of Internet
Instant Messaging and ChatProtocols," IEEE Network, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 16-21, July/Aug. 2006.
[2]. Z. Xiao, L. Guo, and J. Tracey, x"Understanding Instant Messaging Traffic Characteristics," Proc. IEEE 27th Int'l Conf. Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), 2007. [3]. Chi, R. Hao, D. Wang, and Z.-Z. Cao, "IMS Presence Server:aTraffic Analysis and Performance Modelling," Proc. IEEE Int'Conf. Network Protocols (ICNP), 2008. [4]. Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol IETF Working Group, http: //www.ietf.org/html.charters/impp-charter.html, 2012.
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B. Murali Mohan , S. Muqthiar Ali. P.Manohar |
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Designing and control of isolated wind-hydro hybrid system With BESS |
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This paper presents a three phase four wire local loads connected two squirrel cage induction
generators, one driven by a variable speed wind turbine and another driven by a constant power hydro turbine.
The proposed system has a battery at the middle of two back –to-back connected pulse width modulation
(PWM) controlled insulated-gate-bipolar –transistor (IGBT) based voltage source converters (VSCs).The main
objectives of the control algorithm for the VSCs are to achieve the maximum power tracking (MPT) through
rotor speed control of a wind turbine driven SCIG under varying wind speeds at machine side and to control of
the magnitude and frequency of the load voltage at load side. The proposed system has a capability of
bidirectional active and reactive power flow, by which it controls the magnitude and frequency of the load
voltage. The fuzzy based control techniques with wind-hydro hybrid power generation are modeled and
simulated in MATLAB using Simulink and Sim Power System set tool boxes. The resultant project is studied
under various load conditions under varying wind speeds.
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[1]. D.P Kothari, K.C Signal and Rakesh Ranjan, "Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging
Technologies".
[2]. [Online]: Available: http://mnre.gov.org.in [3]. J. B. Ekanayake, "Induction generators for small hydro schemes," IEEE Power Eng. J., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 61–67, 2002. [4]. B. Fox, D. Flynn, L. Bryans, N. Jenkins, D. Milborrow, M. O‟Malley, R. Watson, and O. Anaya-Lara, Wind Power Integration Connection and System Operational Aspects. London, U.K.: IET, 2007, ch. 3. [5]. G. Quinonez-Varela and A. Cruden, "Modeling and validation of a squirrel cage induction generator wind turbine during connection to the local grid," IET Genre., Transmits. Distrib., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 301–309, Mar. 2008.
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Rajendra Singh Shahi, Ashis Saklani, R P Joshi |
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A Mechanism to Achieve Network Security through IP Packet Filtering |
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In Gist we are in era of Networks and a Network cannot be imagined without DTE,DSE,DCE's.
Data Terminal Equipments (DTE) are devices that are responsible for interdomain connectivity. Whether we are
in Intranets or Extranets without DTE a Network cannot be imagined, here DTE imply means Routers and in
this Emerging Technology Router is necessary. Even grower Networks number of outers are increasing and
Ever-increasing numbers of IP router products are offering packet filtering as a ool for improving network
security. Used properly, packet filtering is a useful tool for the security on scions network
administrator, but its effective use requires a thorough understanding of its capabilities and
weaknesses, and of the quirks of particular protocols that filters are being applied to. This paper examines
he utility of IP packet filtering as a network security measure, briefly contrasts IP packet filtering to
lternative network security approaches such as application-level gate- ways, describes what packet filters
ight examine in each packet, and describes the characteristics of common application protocols as they
relate to packet filtering. The paper then identifies and examines problems common to many current
packet iltering implementations, shows how these problems can easily undermine the net- work
administrator's ntents and lead to a false sense of security, and proposes solu- tions to these problems. Finally, the paper oncludes that packet filtering is currently a viable network security mechanism, but that its utility ould be greatly improved with the extensions proposed in the paper. DTE,DSE,DCE,IP-Filtering, ICMP,RIP,TCP,UDP,DNS
[Bellovin89]
[1]. S. M. Bellovin, "Security Problems in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite"; Computer Communi- cations Review, Volume 9, Number 2; April 1989; pp. 32-48. [Bellovin92a] [2]. Steven M. Bellovin, "Packets Found on an Internet"; in preparation; 1992. [Bellovin92b] [3]. Steven M. Bellovin, "There Be Dragons"; Proceedings of the Third USENIX UNIX Secu- rity Symposium; Baltimore, MD; September, 1992. [Ches90] [4]. Bill Cheswick, "The Design of a Secure Internet Gateway"; Proceedings of the USENIX Summer 1990 Conference; Anaheim, CA; June 11-15, 1990; pp. 233-237. [CHS91] [5]. Bruce Corbridge, Robert Henig, Charles Slater, "Packet Filtering in an IP Router"; Proceedings of the Fifth USENIX Large Installation and System Administration Confer- ence (LISA V); San Diego, CA; October, 1992; pp. 227-232.
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Version - 2 (August 2014) |
P.Suresh Babu, C.Ganesh, D.Ganesh Naik |
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LPC and Fuel Cell System in Distribution System |
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The solar power plants are more reliable, comparing to the other plants, because no fuel and reduced
CO2 emission. But the solar power generation system do not work in all weather conditions, it is power
generated only solar radiation timeand initial cost is very high .To overcome this problem by using fuel cell
(FC). In fuel cell power generation there will be no problems, where as in fuel cell power distribution systems
have some problems like overloading the distribution feeders. In this project to overcome this overloading by
using Loop Power Controller (LPC).The loop power controller to control real power and reactive power flow by
adjusting voltage ratio and phase shift. Daily loading unbalance is determined by analyzing fuel cell (FC) power
generation recording by using SCADA system and load profile based on Data Automation System (DAS).The
loop power controller can improve controllability, operational flexibility and reduce power loss of the
distribution system. The Loop Power Controller (LPC) is based on the MATLAB/ SIMULINK software.
[1]. Jin-Woo Jung,1 Ali Keyhani,2 Modeling and Control of Fuel Cell Based Distributed Generation
Systems in a Standalone AC Power Supply
[2]. Y. Zhu and K. Tomsovic, "Adaptive power flow method for distribution systems with dispersed generation," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 822–827, Jul. 2002. [3]. 2008 Report of Long-Term Load Forecasting and Energy Development, Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, Dec. 2008. [4]. N. Okada, "A method to determine the distributed control setting of looping devices for active distribution systems," in Proc. 2009 IEEE Bucharest Power Tech (POWERTECH), Bucharest, Romania, Jun. 2009, pp. 1–6. [5]. S. A. Farouji, E. Bakhshizadeh, R. Kazemzadeh, and R. Ghazi, "The static VAR compensator equations development for loading balance at desired power factor based on load admittance parameters and instantaneous voltage and current values," in Proc. 2009 Int. Conf. Elect. Power Energy Conversion Syst., Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Nov. 10–12, 2009, pp. 1–6.
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R.Dahmani, A.Ait Fora, A.Sbihi |
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Monitoring the proliferation of slums through GIS and satellite image processing in the Rural Common of Sidi Taibi |
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Slums throughout the country of Morocco have a great influence in both socio-economic and the
side of safety and environmental context. Managing the various aspects involved in this process also requires the
conventional method of technical methodology based on satellite image processing, a key element to be
introduced into a GIS environment, will surely contribute to making good decisions and identify by following
the real problems, leading to a total elimination of inadequate housing and especially slums.
Geographic Information System (GIS), Land use, photogrammetric, Slums, supervised
classification.
[1]. A. Lorette, "Analyse de textures par méthodes markoviennes et par morphologie mathématiques:
application à l'analyse des zones urbaines sur des images satellitales". Thèse de doctorat, Université de
Sophia-Antipolis, septembre 1999.
[2]. A. Saidi, " Expérience de la résorption des bidonvilles au Maroc cas de taza et de Douar el kora à Rabat" . Mémoire de thèse de doctorat, 1999. [3]. S. Tufféry, "Data Mining et Statistique décisionnelle : l'intelligence des données," Technip . 2007. [4]. M. Ortner, M., Descombes, X., et Zerubia, J. "Building Outline Extraction from Digital Elevation Models using Marked Point Processes". International Journal of Computer Vision, 2007. [5]. Hinz, S., Baurngartner, A., "Automatic extraction of urban road networks from multi-view aerial imagery," ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetric and Remote Sensing, vol. 58, pp. 83-98, 2003.
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Anu Varughese, Meera T. Balan, Sajna A, Swetha K.P |
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Cowpea inside Polyhouse with Varying Irrigation and Fertigation Levels |
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The effect of different irrigation and fertigation levels for cowpea (NS 621) inside polyhouse was
studied. Daily water requirement of the crop in open field was calculated using FAO CROPWAT software.
Four different treatments were selected based on varying irrigation and fertigation levels. Daily irrigation with
the estimated water requirement (2.2 l/plant/day) was found to be more effective. The results also showed that it
was sufficient to apply fertilizers through fertigation once in four days.
Fertigation, polyhouse, irrigation, greenhouse, Cowpea
[1]. Al-kaisi, Broner, Colarado State University extension programmes: Crop water use and growth stages.
Fact sheet No.4.715, 2009.
[2]. Harmanto VM, Salokhe MS, Babel, Tantau HJ. "Agricultural Systems and Engineering", Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand. 2004. [3]. Papadopoulos L, "Fertigation of Vegetables in Plastic House: Present Situation and Future Aspects," Acta Horticulturae No.323. pp: 151-174, 1992. [4]. Prabhakar M and Hebbar S.S., "Micro-irrigation and fertigation in (capsicum and tomato)", Proc. of national seminar on problems and prospects of micro-irrigation- A critical Approach, held at Bangalore. India, 1999, pp: 60-68. [5]. Rekha, K.B. and Mahavishnan, K.., "Drip fertigation in vegetable crops with emphasis on Lady's finger (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) - A review", Agricultural Review, vol.29(4),pp. 298-305, 2008.
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Mahesh C. Swami, H. M. Nagbhushan, Ajaykumar N. Asode, Veeresh Menasinakai |
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Thermal Studies on Manganese Ores of Sandur Area, Karnataka, India |
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The manganese ore samples from Sandur were subjected to thermal studies. The thermal study of
minerals involves the Differential thermal analysis (DTA) a method of mineral analysis that is particularly
useful in the identification of the minerals which undergo transformation when heated to temperatures generally
below 12000c. If heat energy is absorbed the rate will decrease during the transformation and the reaction is
endothermic. The temperatures at which endothermic and exothermic transformations take place are
characteristic of certain substances. The DTA technique has been devised to determine these temperatures.
Since it is unlikely that any two minerals have chemical bonds of identical strength, they will decompose,
oxidize or change phase at different temperatures. The temperature at which the peak occurs often indicates
which mineral is present. Since many minerals undergo several endothermic or exothermic changes in the
temperature range studied, the aggregate peaks at the proper temperatures suffice in many instances to identify
the mineral. In this study it has been the objective to define the thermal curves of the simpler manganese
minerals and to study how the method can be applied to natural mixtures. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)
technique deals with the study of the loss in weight of a substance as it is being heated. The behavior of the
minerals to the rising temperatures is studied. The studies are carried out with respect to their transformations
and weight loss due to the rising temperature. The studies show the presence of Manganese minerals such as
psilomelane, pyrolusite, manganite, cryptomelane and ramsdellite. The instrument used is SDT Q 600 TA
instruments, Waters USA.
DTA, TGA, Manganese, Sandur, Endothermic and Exothermic.
[1]. Beck C. W. (1946): An improved method of differential thermal analysis and its use in the
study of natural carbonates, Harvard University Ph. D Thesis.
[2]. Fermor L.L. (1909): The Manganese ore deposits of India. Mem. G. S. I. 37. [3]. J. Laurence Kulp and Jose N. Perfetti (1950): Thermal study of some manganese oxide minerals Department of Geology, Columbia University, New York City, N.Y. pp 239-251 [4]. Joseph A. Pask and Maurice F. Warner (1953): Differential Thermal Analysis Methods and Techniques. Ceramic Laboratories, Division of Mineral Technology, University of California, Berkeley California. Serial no. 18 Issue 5. [5]. Maria Foldvari (2011): Handbook of thermo gravimetric system of minerals and its use in geological practice. Occasional Papers of the Geological Institute of Hungary, Budapest. Vol. 213.
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R. Madhan mohan S. Mahaboob basha A. Subramanyam |
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Comparison of Voltage Sag and Swell Detection Algorithms In Power System |
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Power quality issues have been a source of major concern in recent years due to extensive use of
power electronic devices and non-linear loads in electrical power system. Voltage sags and swells is a common
power system disturbance, usually associated with power system faults. Therefore the effective detection of
voltage sags and swells event is an important issue for both voltage sag and swell analysis and mitigation. There
are several detection methods for voltage sags and swells such as RMS voltage detection, peak voltage
detection, and Fourier transform methods. The problem with these methods is that they use a windowing
technique and can therefore be too slow when applied to detect voltages sags for mitigation since they use
historical value, not instantaneous value which may lead to long detection time when voltage sag has occurred.
A novel algorithm require for voltage sag detection. The algorithm can extract a single non-stationary
sinusoidal signal out of a given multi component input signal. The algorithm is capable of estimating the
amplitude, phase and frequency of an input signal in real time. No complex mathematics is required for
implementation of the algorithm. It is compared to other methods of sag detection and same procedure for swell
also.
Power quality, peak voltage detection, rms voltage detection, voltage sag.
[1]. Suresh Kamble and Dr.Chandrashekhra Thorat," A New method for Voltage Sag Detection" IEEEInternational
Conference on Advances in Engineering, Science and Management (lCAESM -2012) March 2012. [2]. "IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality," IEEE Std. 1159-1995, June 1995. [3]. "IEEE Guide for Service to Equipment Sensitive to Momentary Voltage "IEEE Std 1250-1995. [4]. C.Mestres," Computer Power Supply, analysis of service quality in voltage dips field." Revue journal of electrical power supply 81(9):531-6 [5]. F.Tosato and G.Giadrossi, et al."The problems posed by voltage supply dips to industrial power electronic loads", 6th Mediterranean Conference Electro technical Proceedings (Cat.No.91CH29645),22-24 May 1991,Slovenia,IEEE.
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Fadaba Danioko, Sid-Ali Addouche, Abderrahman El Mhamedi |
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Formalization of an Approach for Improvement of Maintenance Policy on Multi-State Systems |
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This work includes part of the results of I.W.Soro on performance evaluation of Multi-State Systems
(MSS) about the preventive maintenance policy. It was to assess the availability and the rate of production of a
multi-state system based on a rate of transitions in the level of β degradation. The formalism of calculation
based on Markov chains used and Chapman-Kolmogorov equations induce as many calculations as possible
cases of β transition rates to deduce the one that brings the best drift of the availability curves and production
rates. Moreover, the representation of multi-state system by a Markov graph quickly becomes dense and
difficult to use. In this paper, it will first be presented formalization of the transition process of multi-state
system (MSS) by Bayesian Networks (especially compact) and the rules governing promotion from the Markov
graph. In a second step, it will be exhibited, the cost function of preventive maintenance and the best method for
identifying the β transition rates and thus the best preventive maintenance policy to adopt. The optimization has
done by reinforcement learning.
Multi-State Systems, Graph Markov, Dynamic Bayesian Networks, Preventive Maintenance,
Modeling
[1]. A. Birnbaum, Some latent trait models and their use in inferring an examinee's ability, In F. M. Lord& M. R. Novick (Eds.), Statistical theories of mental test scores, 1968.
[2]. S. Bouri "Optimisation de la production et de la structure d'énergie électrique par les colonies de fourmis ", Thèse, Université Jilali Liabès, 2007. [3]. W. Barlow, and A. Wu, Coherent systems with multi-state components, Math. Oper. Res.volume(3), N°4, pp. 275-281, 1978. [4]. S. Belaloui "Évaluation des systèmes de fiabilité a configuration complexe", Thèse université, Mentouri Constantine, 2009. [5]. J. Xue, K. Yang, Dynamic reliability analysis of coherent multi-state systems, IEEE Transactions on Reliability; 44: 683–8, 1995.
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P.Harshavardhan Reddy, P.Suresh Babu, G.Mahesh |
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A Control Strategy in Power Management for a Grid Connected PV-FC Hybrid System |
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This paper presents a method of maximum power point tracking, MPPT using adaptive fuzzy logic
control for grid connected photovoltaic system. The system composed of photovoltaic module, boost converter
and the fuzzy logic controller. The maximum power point tracking control is based on adaptive fuzzy logic to
control ON/OFF time of MOSFET switch of boost converter. The complete simulation results using Simulink
software for the whole system containing the PV array, boost converter, and fuzzy controller were presented.
The control strategy for the boost converter and the whole system is carried out by using field programmable
gate array (FPGA). The FPGA used is a Spartan 3E from Xilinx. The code of the control system is shown in
VHDL language.
Maximium power point tracking, fuzzy logic controller ,photovoltaicarray,Pemfc(proton
exchangemembrane fuel cell ) model
[1]. T. Bocklisch, W. Schufft, and S.Bocklisch, "Predictive and optimizing energymanagement of
photovoltaicfuel cell hybrid systems with shorttimeenergy storage," in Proc. 4th Eur. Conf. PV-Hybrid
and Mini-grid 2008,pp.8-15.
[2]. J. Larmine and A. Dicks, Fuel Cell Systems Explained. New York: Wiley, 2003. [3]. W. Xiao, W. Dunford, and A. Capel, "A novel modeling method for cells," in Proc. IEEE 35th Annu. [4]. Power Electronics Specialists Conf., [5]. D. Sera, R.Teodorescu and P. Rodriguez, "PV panel model based on datasheet values," in Proc. IEEE IntSymp Industrial Electronics, Jun. 4–7, 2007, pp. 2392–2396.
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Shreyas.M.T, K.N.Vishwanath, J.M.Srishaila |
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Effect of Dosage and Length of Macro Synthetic Fiber on Flow and Mechanical Characteristics of Fly Ash Blended Self Compacting Concrete. |
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Self compacting concrete (SCC) is a concrete that flow under its own weight. It does not require
vibration for placing and compaction. Self compacting concrete is particularly useful in casting
heavily reinforced sections, complicated formwork or in places where it is difficult to use vibrators. In this
experiment cement was partially replaced by 20% and 30% of fly ash. Replacing cement by fly ash saves the
amount of cement requirement, thus reduces the cost of concrete. Further Macro Synthetic fiber with different
length and dosage were added. Workability and mechanical properties of this fiber reinforced concrete were
studies.
Self compacting concrete, Fly ash, Fiber, Length, Dosage.
[1]. Prajapati Krishnapal, Yadav R.K. and Chandak Rajeev-"Strength Characteristics of Self Compacting
Concrete Containing Flyash‟- Research Journal of Engineering Sciences ISSN 2278 – 9472 Vol. 2(6),
1-5, June (2013)
[2]. Snehal Afiniwala, Dr. Indrajit Patel, Nirav Patel-" Effect of High Volume Fly ash on Rheological Properties of Self Compacting Concrete‟- International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013) [3]. Amir M. Alani, Morteza Aboutalebi - "Mechanical Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete- A Comparative Experimental Study‟-World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Civil, Architectural, Structural and Construction Engineering Vol:7 No:9, 2013. [4]. Anna M. Grabiec, Teresa Grabiec-Mizera, Grzegorz Słowek - "Influence of polypropylene fibres on selected properties of self-compacting concrete‟ - Modern Building material, Structures and Techniques, 10th international conference Lithuania, May 2010. [5]. M.Benaicha, O.Jalbaud, A.Alaoui Hafidi, Y.Burtschell - "Rheological and Mechanical Characterization of Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete‟ International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013.
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Ms. Sonam A. Bais, Prof. Animesh R. Tayal |
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Message Authentication and Source Privacy in Wireless Sensor Network using Rivest Cipher 6 Algorithm |
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Message authentication is one of the most efficient ways to prevent unauthorized and corrupted
messages from being forwarded in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). That's why, numerous message
authentication proposals have been developed based on either symmetric-key cryptosystems or public-key
cryptosystems. Many of them, have the restrictions of high computational and communication overhead in
addition to lack of scalability and resilience to node compromise attacks. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are
being very popular day by day, however one of the main concern in wireless sensor network (WSN) is its
limited resources. One have to look to the resources to generate Message Authentication Code (MAC) keeping
in mind the feasibility of method used for the sensor network at hand. This paper the message authentication and
source privacy in wireless sensor environment by using Rivest cipher version 6 (RC6) algorithms. It also
compares various features in terms of computational overhead, energy consumption, message delay, memory
consumption.
Hop-by-hop message authentication, symmetric-key cryptosystem, public-key cryptosystem,
source privacy, simulation, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), RC6 algorithm (Rivest cipher version 6).
[1]. Jian Li Yun Li Jian Ren Jie Wu, ―Hop-by-Hop Message Authentication and Source Privacy in
Wireless Sensor Networks‖, IEEE Transactions On Parallel And Distributed Systems, pp 1-10, 2013
[2]. Sadaqat Ur Rehman, Muhammad Bilal, Basharat Ahmad, Khawaja Muhammad Yahya, Anees Ullah, Obaid Ur Rehman, ―Comparison Based Analysis of Different Cryptographic and Encryption Techniques Using Message Authentication Code (MAC) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)‖, IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 9, Issue 1, No 2, January 2012, pp 96-101 [3]. Harsh Kumar Verma, Ravindra Kumar Singh, ―Performance Analysis of RC6, Twofish and Rijndael Block Cipher Algorithms‖, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 42– No.16, March 2012, pp 1-7 [4]. M. Albrecht, C. Gentry, S. Halevi, and J. Katz, ―Attacking cryptographic schemes based on ‖perturbation polynomials‖,‖ Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2009/098, 2009, http://eprint.iacr.org. [5]. Dunfan Ye,DaoliGong,WeiWang ―Application of Wreless Sensor Networks in Environmental Monitoring‖, 2009 2nd International Conference on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System.
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Kifayah Abbood Alsaffar |
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Review of the Use of Nanotechnology in Construction Industry |
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In Civil Engineering, vast improvement has been achieved through the production of materials with
new purposes or by refining the performance of existing ones, today
Nanotechnology is widely considered as one of the21st century's important technologies, and its
economic importance is gradually on the rise. In architecture and the construction industry it has possibilities
that are already usable today, Such possibility can already be seen today through many current applications
related for instance to surface coatings, self-cleaning capacity, and fire resistance, and others[1]...
Nanotechnology, carbon nanotubes (CNT's), Self Compacting Concrete (SCC),Strengthened Concrete
[1]. S. Leydecker, M. KÕlbel, S. Peters, Nano materials in Architecture, Interior Architecture and Design,
Berlin, 2008.
[2]. Sanchez, Florence, and Konstantin Sobolev. "Nanotechnology in Concrete--A Review."Construction and Building Materials, Volume 24, Issue 11, November 2010, Pages 2060–2071 [3]. "List of Nanotechnology Applications." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Sept. 2012. Web. 09 Oct. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nanotechnology_applications>.Zhu W., Bartos P.J.M. and Porro A,2004, Application Of Nanotechnology In Construction Summary Of A State-Of-The-Art Report, RILEM TC 197NCM: Nanotechnology in construction materials' 37 649-658 [4]. Gopalakrishnan, K., Birgisson, B., Taylor, P., Attoh-Okine(2011), Nanotechnology in Civil Infrastructure Paradigm Shift, The Springer Book Archives (SBA) [5]. Raymond L.D. Whitby, Nonmaterial and the Environment Global impact of tiny materials, Nonmaterial and the environment, Editorial • DOI: 10.2478/nanome-2012-0001 • NANOME • 201•1–2
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Version - 3 (August 2014) |
Venkata Veera Lohit.M, M.V.Tharun Kumar Reddy, Jonnalagadda Gayatri |
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Nanostructured Paper for Flexible Energy |
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Cellulose is one of the most abundant organic materials on earth, and cellulose paper is ubiquitous in
our daily life. Re-engineering cellulose fibers at the nanoscale will allow this renewable material to be applied
to advanced energy storage systems and optoelectronic devices. In this article, we examine the recent
development of Nano fibrillated cellulose and discuss how the integration of other nanomaterial's leads to a
wide range of applications. The unique properties of Nano fibrillated cellulose enable multi-scaling structuring
of the functional composites, which can be tailored to develop new concepts of energy and electronic devices.
Tapping into the nanostructured materials offered by nature can offer many opportunities that will take
nanotechnology research to a new level.
Cellulose, Conductive paper, CNT, NFC, Nano cellulose paper, Nano fibrils, Silicon electrode,
Ultra capacitors
[1] D. Klemm, F. Kramer, S. Moritz, T. Lindström, M. Ankerfors, D. Gray, A. Dorris, Angew. Chem. Int.
Ed.50, 5438 (2011).
[2] R.J. Moon, A. Martini, J. Nairn, J. Simonsen, J.Youngblood, Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 3941 (2011). [3] D. Tobjörk, R. Österbacka, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.)23, 1935 (2011). [4] L. Nyholm, G. Nyström, A. Mihranyan, M. Strømme, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 23, 3751 (2011). [5] Russo, B.Y. Ahn, J.J. Adams, E.B. Duoss, J.T.Bernhard, J.A. Lewis, Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 23, 3426 (2011).
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Unnam Rajesh, V K Chakravarthi |
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Influence of fines (%) and geo-grid reinforcement on engineering properties of subgrade -A lab Study |
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Subgrade soil and its properties are very important in the design of road pavement structure. The
subgrade function is to give adequate support to the pavement from beneath. The strength of week subgrade
need to be enhanced from longevity perspective Reinforcing weaker soils using geo-synthetics like geo-grids to
improve its strength is popular in many civil engineering projects namely, highway pavements, air field
construction etc. Recently geogrid has gained increasing acceptance in road construction. The geogrid improves
the ability to obtain compaction in overlying aggregates, while reducing the amount of material required be
removing and replacing. In the present study engineering performance for soil subgrades reinforced with
different types of geogrids varying in aperture sizes. Laboratory tests are conducted on the reinforced
subgrades. The lab tests include index & engineering properties.Soaked and unsoaked CBR tests are carried out
on unreinforced and reinforced samples. The results obtained have shown possible usage of geogrid in
improving soaked CBR performance which or otherwise is very low.
subgrade, geo-grid, Reinforcement, CBR
[1]. Ambika Kuity, Tapas Kumar Roy, "Utilization of geo grid mesh for improving the soft sub-grade layer
with waste material mix compositions", 2ndConference of Transportation Research Group of India
(2nd CTRG), Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 104 (2013) 255 – 263.
[2]. Amin Chegenizadeh, Prof. Hamid Nikraz "CBR test on Reinforced clay" Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia Pan-Am CGS Geotechnical Conference (2011). [3]. Chakravarthi,V.K, Jyotsna.B, 2013, Efficacy of overlying coarse aggregate and Geosynthetic separator on CBR value for soft subgrade of varying plasticity - a lab study" IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol.2 , Issue 12, December 2013, pp: 749-755, eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308.vangelin Ramani Sujatha, Vignesh Balaji Jayaraman, Vijay R "Improving the Strength of Sub-grade using Geo-grids". [4]. International Journal of Emerging trends in Engineering and Development, ISSN 2249-6149 Issue 2, Vol.2 (March-2012). [5]. Latha and Asha "Modified CBR tests on Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil-aggregates System" Indian Geotechnical Conference – 2010, GEO trends December 16–18, 2010 IGS Mumbai Chapter & IIT Bombay
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V.Narasimha Murthy, P. Bhaskar Prasad, K. Harinath Reddy |
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Application of Distributed Static Series Controller (DSSC) Modified with Fuzzy Logic and ANFIS Controllers as Auxiliary Controller in Extenuation of Sub-Synchronous Resonance |
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When a series compensated long transmission lines connects to a steam-turbine generator, it results in
the unfavorable phenomenon called as sub-synchronous resonance (SSR). Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR)
problems in series compensated steam-turbine power systems co-exist with the beneficial effects provided by
the series capacitors. Damage of Turbine generator shaft might occur due to this phenomenon. To damp these
SSR and Low-Frequency Oscillations (LFOs), Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers are
preferred. It is possible to damp Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) caused by series capacitance with the help
of an auxiliary SSR damping controller on DSSC. The intension of this paper is to assert the performance of the
Distributed Static Series compensator (DSSC) as a member of D-FACTS family in mitigation of SSR. Two
controllers i.e. Fuzzy Logic Based Damping Controller (FLBDC) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System
(ANFIS) controllers are designed and implemented in the conventional controller of DSSC to provide effective
damping. The ANFIS constructions were trained utilizing the generated database by the FLC of the DSSC.The
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out in order to evaluate the effect of DSSC based on ANFIS controller
in damping SSR and LFO. The simulations were carried out with MATLAB/Simulink to IEEE second
benchmark (SBM) model combined with DSSC module and the results were compared with the conventional
controllers.
SSR,DSSC,FLBDC,ANFIS
[1]. Mathur RM, Varma RK. Thyristor-based FACTS controllers for electrical transmission systems. New
York, USA: IEEE Press and Wiley Interscience; 2002.
[2]. IEEE Subsynchronous Resonance Working Group, ""Terms, definitions and symbols for Subsynchronous oscillations‟‟. In: IEEE Trans power apparatus and systems, vol. PAS-104(6). 1985. p. 1326–1334. [3]. Mohammad S. Widyan; ""On the effect of AVR gain on bifurcations of Subsynchronous resonance in power systems‟‟. Electr Power Energy Syst 2010;32(6):60–76. [4]. Bongiorno M, Svensson J, Angquist L. On control of static synchronous series compensator for SSR mitigation. IEEE Trans Power Electron 2008;23(2):735–43. [5]. Ghorbani A, Pourmohammad S. A novel excitation controller to damp subsynchronousoscillations.Electr Power Energy Syst March 2011;33(3):411–9.
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Mandeep Singh, Charanjit Singh, Amandeep Singh Bhandari |
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Performance Evaluation of Wi-Fi and WiMAX Spectrum Sensing on Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channels |
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In research area of wireless communication, cognitive radio gets more endearment in recent times.
The main motive behind the use of cognitive radio is to sense the available spectrum, which is very limited, for
the users who wish to use it for the transmission purpose. The users can be primary or secondary, based on,
whether they are licensed or un-licensed. Spectrum sensing plays most importunate role in the cognitive radio
system since it is used to detect signal presence on the air. This paper signifies the role of Cyclostationary
Spectrum Sensing technique to define a device capable of detecting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
signals in a noisy environment. The work has been done for the applications employed in high frequency, such
as, Wi-Fi and WiMAX.
OFDM, Cognitive Radio, Spectrum Sensing, Rayleigh fading, Rician fading, Wi-Fi, WiMAX.
[1]. W. A. Gardner, "The Spectral Correlation Theory of Cyclostationary Time-Series", in Signal
Processing, 1986
[2]. Danijela Cabric, Shridhar Mubaraq Mishra, Robert W. Brodersen, "Implementation Issues in Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios", IEEE, 2004 [3]. Danijela, S. M. Mishra, D. Willkomm, R. Brodersen and A. Wolisz, "A cognitive radio approach for usage of virtual unlicensed spectrum," in 14th IST Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, 2005. [4]. Zhi Tian, "A Wavelet Approach to Wideband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios", Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2006. 1st International Conference, IEEE, 2006. [5]. A. Ghasemi and E. S. Sousa, "Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: requirements, challenges and design trade-offs," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 32-39, 2008.
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Kirandeep Kaur, Amandeep Singh Bhandari |
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Wavelet Based Sharp Feature Multi-Focus Image Fusion In Dct Domain |
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Multi focus Image fusion is process of combining information of two or more images of a
scene and as significance has "all-in-focus" image. When one section covers objects in different distance, the
camera can b1(Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engg., Punjabi University, Patiala
2(Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engg., Punjabi University, Patialae
focused on each object one afterward the other, generating a set of pictures. Now, by image fusion technique, an
image with better focus sideways all zone can be produced. There are many multi focus image fusion
approaches, today. One of them is Experiential Mode Decay shaped multi focus image fusion. The object of the
image fusion is to retain the most desirable characteristics of each image. A multi-focus image fusion approach
using a new sharpness criterion that depends on statistics of image's gradient information is proposed in this
dissertation. The proposed approach exploits a Discrete Cosine Wavelet criterion to adaptively perform image
fusion by selecting most informative (sharp) information from the input images.
Image processing, Image fusion, Wavelet, DWT, DCT.
[1]. KMM, "Design and Fabrication of Color Scanner," Indian Journal of Technology,, vol. 15, 1997.
[2]. R. Jenson, "Digital Image Processing - A Remote Sensing Perspective, Jhon 3rd Edition," 2003. [3]. A. K. Jain, "Fundamentals Of Digital Image Processing -," in Prentice-Hall, 1989. [4]. R. C. G. Woods and A. Wesley, "Digital Image Processing," 1992. [5]. M. Ramanjaneyulu and K. Rao, "A Novel technique to Resample High Resolution Remote Sensing Satellite Images," in Proc. of IGRASS-02.
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Hanric Muharka, Sadar Wahjudi, Nanik Hendrawati |
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The Influence Of Pump Rotation Speed, Time, Amounts Of Nozzles Hole During The Spray Water Washing Process In Determining Characteristics Of Cpo In Biodiesel Production |
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The analysis on Crude Palm Oil (CPO) resulted the amount of substance of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) is
0.13%, in which the analysis done through a transesterification reaction using Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) as
the catalyst, therefore this relatively low amount allows the biodiesel-making to get processed without
esterification reaction. High amounts of water and FFA might cause saponification reaction that produces soap
and water that could result the low amount of methyl ester. The transesterification reaction is processed with 90
minutes of stirring time, 500 rpm speed of stirrer and 60º Celcius temperature. The CPO then washed using a
designed equipment with the following specifications; 1) wash tank in a form of 20 cm diameter cylindric tube,
30 cm height, acrylic based with 5 mm thickness 2) 20 mm diameter pipe, 110 cm in length, 30 cm thickness 3)
Centrifugal pump with 1400 rpm rotation speed, a motor with 0.37 horsepower and pulley ratio between the
motor and the engine shaft is 1:6. The washing time for CPO are 5 minutes and 10 minutes. The amounts of
nozzle hole ranging from 3, 4 and 5, each is distanced in 24 mm, and each of them has 0.7 mm diameter. The
nozzles are 10 cm away from the biodiesel surface. The desired speed of pump rotation are 2000, 3000 and to
4000 rpm. The ratio between biodiesel and water is 1:3, with the washing process carried out twice. The result
of the first washing with 5 minutes time, is the yield decreased 20% from the initial volume. The second
washing that carried out using speed of stirrer 4000 rpm, resulted the first washing's yield decreased 6.25% and
pH of wastewater of washing process decreased 0.7%. On the other hand, the washing process carried out in 10
minutes, using five nozzle hole, showed the pH decrease as well. The characteristics of the biodiesel from the
first washing process had surpassed the SNI and ASTMD 6751 standards in terms of density, viscosity, cetane number and flash point.
Transesterification reaction, CPO, speed of stirrer, time, washing, nozzels, characteristics
[1]. Mahfud, Muharto, Pramudhita, danMarwoto. 2007. Pengaruh Metode Pencucian pada Pembuatan
Biodiesel Jarak Pagar.ITS. Surabaya.
[2]. Berrios, M. and Skelton, R.L.. 2008. Comparison of Purification Methods for Biodiesel. Chemical Engineering Journal 144: 459 – 465 [3]. Predojevic, ZlaticaJ.. 2008. The Production of Biodiesel from Waste Frying Oils: A Comparison of Different Purification Steps. Fuel 87: 3522 – 3528 [4]. Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M.K., and Abdul Aziz, A. 2011.Biodiesel Separation and Purification: A Review. Renewable Energy 36: 437 – 443 [5]. Atadashi, I.M., Aroua, M.K., Abdul Aziz, A., and Sulaiman, N.M.N.. 2011. Refining Technologies for The Purification of Crude Biodiesel. Applied Energy 88: 4239 – 4251 [6]. Ayu, Dyahdan Ali Zibbeni. 2011. Pengaruh Stir Washing, Bubble Washing, dan Dry Washingterhadap Kadar Metil Ester dalam Biodiesel dari Biji Nyamplung (Calophylluminophyllum). ITS. Surabaya
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P.B.Chennaiah, Dr.M.Padma Lalitha, A.Ashok Reddy |
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Optimal Placement and Sizing of SVC in Power System for Voltage Stability Improvement using Harmony Search Algorithm |
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Voltage Instability is one of the major phenomena which has resulted a major obstruct to power
system network. Use FACTS controllers possible that voltage stability status in a stressed power system could
be improved with effective reactive power compensation. This paper proposes at multi-objective optimization
problem such as minimization of real power loss, L-index and load voltage deviation. To find the critical buses
in the system for optimal location of shunt connected FACTS controller known as Static Var Compensator
(SVC) here used L-index. To find the optimal sizes of SVC for solving Multi-objective optimization problem a
Meta-Heuristic Algorithm Known as Harmony Search Algorithm (HAS) will be applied. The Simulation works
are performed on IEEE-14 bus test system. The results are shown that optimal location and sizing of SVC
minimizes real power losses, load voltage deviation, L-index and also Voltage profiles are improved at different
loading conditions. In this present paper work 125%, 150%, 175%, 200% overloading cases are considered.
[1]. P.Kundur, Power system Stability and control, Newyork: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
[2]. IEEE/CIGRE, Joint taskforce on stability and Definitions, "Definition and classification of power system stability", IEEE transactions so power system", vol.19, no.2, pp.1387-1401, May 2004. [3]. Dubson, H.D.chiang, "Towards a theory of Voltage collapse in electric power systems, Systems and control letters, Vol.13, pp.253-262, 1989 [4]. T.V.cutsem, "Voltage instability: phenomena, counter measures and analysis methods", proceedings of IEEE, Vol.88, pp.208- 227, Feb, 2000. [5]. C.W.Taylor, Power system voltage stability, Newyork: McGraw-Hill 1994.
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Sundari, A.R Tolangara |
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Fundamental Research: The Study of Taxonometric and Philogenetic of Local Durian Variety of Ternate and Jailolo in North Moluccas Province. Indonesia |
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North Moluccas Province to having durio produced harvest potency that have typical characteristic
corresponds to region ecological condition. Centra is typical durian producer North Moluccas Province is at
Ternate and Jailolo. The research was conducted on 2 Sub District at District of Ternate and Jailolo from
April until July 2013, used descriptive methods, namely by purposive sampling, location. The criteria are plants
that have been observed several times fruitful and desirable community. Based on the results of research in the
District of Ternate and Jailolo was found 1) taksonometrik's analise (numerik's taxonomy) varietas is local
durio at Ternate and Jailolo points out to domicile on takson varietas's zoom. 2) Genetic kinship analise of
varietas local durio at Ternate of 7 groups with similiar index 90,32% on local varietas code 13 and 12. Based
on kinship analise of varietas local durio at Jailolo's of 5 groups with similiar index 88,66% on local varietas
code 5 and 7.
Taksonometric, filogenetic, local varietas durio
[1]. Core, Earl. L. 1962. Plant Taxonomy. New York: Englewood, N.J: Prentice-Hall, Inc
[2]. Darsono. 2003. High Plant Taxonomy. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta [3]. Ehrendorfer, F. 1968. Geographical and Ecological Aspect Of Infraspecific Differentiation. [4]. Heywood, V.H (Ed). Modern Methods in Plant Taxonomic. London: Botanical Society of the British Isles [5]. Irawan, B., J Kusmoro dan S R Rahayuningsih. 2007. Taxonomic Study of Durian Cultivars in Subang Regency of West Java. http://pustaka.unpad.ac.id. Retrieved on 3rd March 2010.
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Minh Le, Jimmy Chahine & Vassilios Tzouanas |
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Design and Automation of a Zero Energy Model House (ZEH) |
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Because of the rising energy prices, green-house effects, and environmental concerns, there has been
a lot of emphasis on using alternative, renewable energy sources. This paper is concerned with the use of solar
energy to meet the energy needs of a scaled model house. Photovoltaic (PV) panels are used to collect solar
energy and convert it to electrical energy. In this experimental study, the design of a photovoltaic system is
presented for a small model house along with its associated instrumentation, real time data acquisition and
automation using NI® LabVIEW. The study clearly shows that energy requirements can be met using renewable
energy sources and that the goal of a zero energy house is attainable.
Renewable Energy Systems, Photovoltaic Systems, Instrumentation, Process Control, PID Control,
Tuning
[1]. National Academy for Engineering, "Make Solar Energy Economical",
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9082.aspx
[2]. Home Solar Energy Systems-Residential Wind Power, www.solarpowerwindenergy.com [3]. Hernandez, P., Gibson, M., Ha, M. and Hem, V., "Design and Automation of a Zero Energy House", University of Houston-Downtown, 2011. [4]. National Instruments Forum, www.ni.com [5]. Carbon estimation: http://www.carbontrust.com/client-services/footprinting/footprint-measurement
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Elshafei A. M., Hussein F., El-Mahalawy A., Kahil T., Mostafa Enas M.,* Abd-Eltawab B. |
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Upgrading of Exoglucanase Production By Trichoderma reesei NRC 210 |
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Cellulases find extensive applications in food, fermentation, textile industries and the hydrolysis of
cellulosic wastes to useable carbon source for most of the microbes in food, fuel and chemical production.
Trichoderma reesei is an efficient producer of exoglucanase enzyme. Physiological factors affecting the
production of enzyme were studied in shake flask to obtain the optimum parameters for enzyme production.
Batch fermentations were performed in 7 liter fermentor using an initial cellulose concentration corresponding
to 10g/l. Results obtained indicate that adjusting the fermentation process at a pH range of 4-5 and agitation
speed to 350 rpm resulted to an increase in enzyme activity about 15 folds and 1.8 fold respectively. In addition
Monod growth kinetics and Leudeking Piret product formation kinetics were studied using Trichoderma reesei
with best medium under optimized conditions of inoculum concentration, agitator speed, temperature and pH
value.
Trichoderma reesei, Cellulase, Exoglucanase, Fermentation, Fed batch, Modeling.
[1]. Gawande, P.V. and Kamat, M.Y. (1999). Production of Aspergillus xylanase by lignocellulosic waste
fermentation and its application. J. Appl. Microbiol., 87(4): 511-519.
[2]. Fujita, Y.; Takahashi, S.; Ueda, M.; Tanaka, A.; Okada, H.; Morikawa, Y.; Kawaquchi, T.; Arai, M.; Fukuda, H. and Kondo, A. (2002). Direct and efficient production of ethanol from cellulosic material with a yeast strain displaying cellulolytic enzymes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68(10): 5136-5141. [3]. Lynd, L.R.; Weimer, P.J.; Van Zyl, W.H. and Pretorius I.S. (2002). Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 66: 506–577. [4]. Erikson, K.E. and Patterson, B. (1975). Extracellular enzyme system produced by the fungus Sporotrichum pulverulentum. Biotechnonol. Bieng., 20: 317-332. [5]. Mullings, R. (1985). Measurement of sacchrification by cellulases. Enz. Microb. Technol., 7: 586-591.
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Version - 4 (August 2014) |
Praveen Nayak S, H. S. Narashimhan, Raghunandan V.Kadaba |
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Hardened Properties of Concretes made with Micro Silica and Alccofine-A Performance Optimization based Comparative Study |
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Large scale production of cement is causing environmental problem on one hand and depletion of
natural resources on the other hand. This threat to ecology has lead to research to use industrial byproducts as
supplementary cementitous materials in making concrete.
In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the hardened properties of concrete by using micro
silica and alccofine in varied proportions. The main parameters investigated in this study is addition of micro
silica and alccofine, by keeping maximum cement content 450kg constant and water content constant 144 kg for
all mixes. The slump of concrete was practically kept around 100 ± 10mm for all the concrete mixes considered
in this study. Both Micro Silica as well as Alccofine were added to concrete mixes in the following incremental
proportions as addition to cement content, namely by 0.0, 3.34, 6.68, 10.02, 13.36 and 16.70% respectively.
This thesis presents a detailed comparative experimental study using micro silica and alccofine, on hardened
properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and impact test.
Micro Silica, Alccofine, Hardened concrete properties, dosage, flexural strength, impact test.
[1]. Dilip Kumar Singha Roy, Amitava Sil, "Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement by Silica Fume on
Hardened Concrete", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, ISSN
2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 8, August 2012.
[2]. Nausha Asrar, Anees U. Malik, et al., "Corrosion studies on micro silica added cement in marine environment", Research& Development Centre, Saline Water Conversion CorporationP, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. [3]. B. Sabet Divsholi, B. Kondraivendhan, et al., "effect of ultra fine slag replacement on durability and mechanical properties of high strength concrete", 36th Conference on Our World in Concrete& Structures Singapore, August 14-16, 2011. [4]. M. Shariq, J. Prasad, A.K. Ahuja, "Strength development of cement mortar and concrete incorporating GGBFS", Asian journal of civil engineering vol.9 2008 pp.61-74. [5]. Venu malagavelli, " High performance concrete with ggbs and robo sand", Department of Civil Engineering, BITS, Pilani Hyderabad ,International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2(10), 2010, 5107-5113.
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Vikash Anand, Dr. M. M. Chaudhary |
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Faults Analysis in Simulated Two Machine Power System |
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With growing complexity of modern power system consists of generators, transformers,
transmission and distribution lines etc. The probability of the failure or occurrence of abnormal condition is
more on power lines. Short circuit and other abnormal conditions often occur on a power system. The heavy
current associated with short circuit is likely to cause damage to equipment if suitable protective relays and
circuit breakers are not provided for the protection of each section of the power system. The basic electrical
quantities which are likely to change during abnormal conditions are current, voltage, phase-angle and
frequency. In this report, at first, the power system stability and the causes of symmetrical and unsymmetrical
fault has been discussed briefly and later on the three phase two machine power system model has been
simulated to find out the critical clearing time graphically for all the types of fault. On comparisons of critical
clearing time on the synchronous generator and asynchronous motor parameters with respect to all the faults and
make conclusion about the severe fault, also find out the stabilize time of all mechanical and electrical
parameters after fault is landing.
Asynchronous Machine, MATLAB, Protective Devices, Synshronous Machine, Three Phase
Power.
[1]. Badri Ram and D. N. Vishwakarma, Power System Protection and Switchgear, McGraw Hill
Education (India) Pvt. Ltd. sixth edition.
[2]. www.mathswork.com [3]. www.powersolution.com [4]. MATLAB / SIMPOWER SYSTEM help contained. [5]. Stanley H. Horowite, Power System Relaying, RSP Publication, third edition.
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D. K. Pandey, H.S.Parihar, P.Pal |
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A Study on the Performance of Elements in FEM |
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This paper deals with the study of the performance of elements in FEM on plate structures. The
behaviour of FSDT plates under transverse loading condition subjected to different boundary conditions is
observed. The computed results are presented for different type of elements like 3 noded 5 DOF CST element, 6
noded 5 DOF LST element, 4 noded 6 DOF plate bending element, 8 noded 6 DOF Serendipity element and 9
noded 5 DOF Lagrangian elements. The performance of the considered elements is compared with the reported
results published in literature. The obtained results are also verified with the analytical solutions by Timoshenko & Kringer [1] to achieve its precision and the range of applicability.
Elements; Plate Structure; ANSYS 12.0; ABAQUS CAE; FEM.
[1] Timoshenko SP, Winowsky-Krieger S. Theory of plates and shells. 2nd ed.New York: McGraw-Hill;
1959.
[2] Kocak S, Hassis H. A new rectangular finite element based on the strain approach for plate bending. Engineering Structures 2003; 23:131-9. [3] Belounar L, Guenfoud M. A new rectangular finite element based on the strain approach for plate bending. Thin-Walled Structures 2005; 43:47-17. [4] Pal P,Ray C. Progressive Failure Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates by Finite Element Method. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 2002; 21:1505-9. [5] Sheikh AH, Chakrabarti A. A new plate bending element based on higher-order shear.deformation theory for the analysis of composite plates. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 2003; 39:883-20.
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R. Kirubagaran and J. Madhavan |
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Investigations on the Structural, Optical and Dielectric Behavior of L-Histidinium per chlorate: A Nonlinear Optical Single Crystal |
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L-Histidinium perchlorate (LHPCL) a nonlinear optical single crystal was synthesized at ambient
temperature. The solubility of LHPCL in water at varying temperatures was determined. Bulk single crystals
were grown by the slow evaporation method at constant temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the
grown crystals were recorded and indexed. The UV cut-off of frequency was identified from the
UV–Vis-NIR absorption spectrum. Nonlinear optical study reveals that the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG)
efficiency of LHPCL is nearly 3.4 times that of KDP.
NLO, LHPCL, Dielectric studies
[1]. Sankar D, Vinay Raj Menon, P.Sagayaraj, J. Madhavan, Physica B, 405 (2010)192.
[2]. Sujatha T, A. Cyrac Peter, M. Vimalan, J. MerlineShyla, J. Madhavan, Physica B, 405 (2010) 3365. [3]. Roman P., Gutierrez-Zorrila J.M., Luque A. and Vegas A., J. Crystallogr. Spectrosc.Res. 17 (1987) 585. [4]. Kurtz S.K. and Perry T.T. J. Appl. Phys., 39 (1968) 3798. [5]. Madhavan. J, Aruna. S, Prabha. K, Packiam Julius. J, Ginson P. Joseph, Selvakumar. S, Sagayaraj. P., Journal of crystal growth, 293 (2006) 409.
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Akor, T. Tuleun, L. T |
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Effect of Austempering Time on the Mechanical Properties 0f Ductile Iron, Austempered in Rubber Seed Oil |
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Salt bath has been recognized as the conventional quenching medium for austempering. This study
investigated the suitability of rubber seed oil as quenching medium for asaustempering ductile cast iron. Test
samples were austenitized at 950 0C; socked for 1hr; austempered for varying periods of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5hrs. The
result showed significant increase in tensile strength and impact energy apart from achieving an appreciable
increase in hardness, implying that rubber seed oil can be used as hot bath for the austempering of ductile cast
iron.
us tempering, austenitized, ausferrite, socked, matrix
[1]. T.N. Rouns, and K..B. Rundman, "Constitution of Austempered Ductile Iron and Kinetics of
Austempering", AFS Transactions, V. 95, pp. 851 – 874. 1987
[2] U. Batra, S. Ray, S.R. Prabhakar, The influence of Nickel and Copper on the Austempering of Ductile iron. Journal of materials Engineering and Performance. Volume 13(1) Feb., PP. 64-68 2004 [3] J. R Keough, "The Development, Processing and Application of Austempered Ductile Iron"; Proceedings of 1991 World Conference on ADI, Bloomingdale, IL, March, Pp. 12-14, 1991 [4] R. Prasad Putatunda, and Susil KInvestigations on the fracture toughness of austempered ductile irons austenitized at different temperatures, Materials Science and Engineering. A349 PP.136 – 149, 2003. [5] S. Seshan, "Austempered Ductile Iron – The under exploited wonder cast iron" Indian foundry Journal October, PP. 84 – 92, 1998.
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M Shobha, K.Durga Rao, Tegala.Srinivasa Rao |
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Improving Transient Stability of Multi-Machine AC/DC Systems via Energy-Function Method |
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In this paper, the direct method of stability analysis using energy functions is applied for multimachine
AC/DC power systems. The system loads including the terminal characteristics of the DC link are
represented as constant current type loads, and their effects on the generators at the internal nodes are obtained
as additional bus power injections using the method of distribution factors, thus avoiding transfer conductance
terms. Using the centre of angle formulation, a modified form of the energy-function method is used for the
swing equations and the DC link dynamical equations to compute the critical clearing time for a given fault.
Numerical results of critical clearing time for a single and multi-machine system using the energy-function
method agree well with the step-by-step method.
Direct Current Link, Energy Function, External Control Signal.
[1]. A.A. Fouad, "Stability Theory—Criteria for Transient Stability." Proceedings of the Engineering
Foundation Conference on System Engineering on Power, Henniker, New Hampshire, Publication No.
CONF-750867, pp. 421-450, 1975. [5]. A. A. Fouad, and S. E. Stanton, "Transient Stability of a Machine Power System, Parts I and II." Papers No. 81 WM 078-5 and 81 WM 079-3, IEEE Winter Power Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, Feb. 1-6, 1981.
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Shilpa Mishra, Sandeep Shukla, Shimi.S.L. |
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Performance Analysis and Limitations of Grid Connected DFIG Wind Turbine under Voltage Sag and 3-Phase Fault |
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Wind energy is a notably precious renewable resource, for the production of electrical energy. It
offers electrical power without much environmental shortcomings. In this paper initially, the performance of
DFIG with variable speed wind turbine under normal and faulty (40% sag) condition is studied using simulation
developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Results illustrate the transient behaviour of the Double Fed Induction
Generator when a sudden 3-phase fault occurs at the grid. After the clearance of the grid fault, the control
schemes manage to restore the normal operation of turbines. the controller performance is demonstrated by
simulation results during fault and at the clearance of the fault. A critical assessment of the transient behaviour
of the double fed induction generator has been performed for grid side faults.
Doubly-fed induction generator, wind turbine, wind energy, current control, voltage sag.
[1]. Bhim Singh, S. K. Aggarwal, and T. C. Kandpal, "Performance of Wind Energy Conversion System
using a Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Maximum Power Point Tracking,", pp. 1-7, IEEE
Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS), 3-7 Oct ober 2010
[2]. Shuhui Li, Member, IEEE and Sitanshu Sinha "A Simulation Analysis of Double-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Energy Conversion Using PSpice", IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. [3]. Pena, R., Clare, J.C., Asher, G.M. "Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using Back-to-Back PWM Converter and its Application to Variable-Speed Wind -Energy Generation", IEEE Proceeding., Vol. 143, No.3,pp.231-241, 1996. [4]. C. Jauch, J. Matevosyan, T. Ackermann, and S. olik, "International Comparison of Requirements For Connection of Wind Turbines to Power Systems," Wind Energy, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 295–306, July 2005. [5]. A. Petersson, "Analysis Modeling and Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators for Wind Turbines," Ph.D. dissertation, Chalmers Univ. Technol., Gothenberg, Sweden, 2005.
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D. B. Thombre, K. Singh |
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Wiedemann-Franz Law in Lithium-borosilicate glasses |
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Wiedemann-Franz law is applied for the lithium-borosilicate glasses. The product LT is proportional
to the ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical conductivity. Graphically it exactly passing through origin,
hence it gives y=x and R2=1. It is observed that Lorenz number is decreasing with increasing temperatures due
to increase of electrical conductivity and decrease in thermal conductivity. Functional dependence of σ and K on
reciprocal of temperature has also helps in getting the values of activation energies for all the compositions
under study. Activation energy shows opposite nature. Maximum values of electrical conductivity is 9.0469 e-
3S/Cm where as, maximum thermal conductivity is 8.8168 e-4Cal/sec cm oC. The maximum value of Lorenz
number is 2.294 e-1 watt-ohm/(deg)2 at 250oC.
Thermal conductivity, phonon interaction, atomic vibrations, DSC, Lorentz number.
[1]. Thermal Conductivity, American Heritage Science Dictionary, Houghton Mifflin Company
[2]. R. Peierls, Ann. Physic, 3, 1055 (1929); 12, 154 (1932). [3]. S. Muthupari, S. L. Raghavan, K. J. Rao, J.Phys. Chem., 100, (1996), 4243 [4]. F. Bloch, z. physic, 52,555 (1928); 53, 216 (1929); 59,208 (1930). [5]. P.G. Klemens, proc, phys, Soc. (London), A64, 1030 (1951). [6]. P. Debye, Vortrage liber die kinetische Theorie der Materie und der Elektrizitat, Teubner, Berlin, 1914, pp. 19-60.
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