Electronics libraries are libraries in which collections are stored in electronic media formats and accessible via computers. The electronic content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. An electronic library is a type of information retrieval system. In this work MySQL database and php dynamic 3-tire website is design. The tested on this website don as a college virtual library it provide fast and secured system.

[1]. Irina Dumitrascu, "Building Your First Dynamic Website – Part 1: Setting up Your Site and Database Connection", Adobe Systems Incorporated, 2010 .
[2]. Leon Shklar, Richard Rosen, Dow Jones and company, "Web Application Architecture: Principles, Protocols and Practices", Copyright by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2003.
[3]. "Integrating Oracle E-Business Suite 11i in, the Cisco Data Center", Cisco System, Inc, 2007, available at: www.cisco.com.
[4]. Mumtaz Al-Mukhtar and Sarmad Hadi, "Developing a Three-Tier Web Data Management Application for Higher Education Admission Environment", International Arab Journal of e-Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, June 2012.
[5]. Fernandez B., et al, "The Secure Three-Tier Architecture Pattern", International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive System, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 555-560, 2008.

An Image associated with a hyperlink leads to a one hypermedia exception of one image that is a map; it leads to more than one link. So this principle of a map is used as an idea to form a virtual library using the concepts of the panorama so that the image of the library leads to more than a link of the books. This is a new idea in the libraries websites. The website has been applied in an environment that is using the concepts of panorama in virtual reality.

Panoramic Website, Virtual Reality, Virtual Library, Panoramic Library.

The impressive economic growth rate of Nigeria is weakened by towering poverty statistics attributable to low productivity on construction sites. While in-situ concreting operations are important to the construction industry, labour productivity is often crudely estimated or lumped together irrespective of placement method. This research aims at investigating the effects of site productivity factors in the most prevalent mechanized concrete placement method in Nigeria with a view to optimizing its usage. To achieve this objective, data involving 26 concrete pours extracted from a total observation of 167 concrete pours on Lagos building construction sites were analyzed using the multiple regression method. The results which were subjected to optimization analysis using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet package indicated that major productivity increases could be achieved with efficient scheduling of dumper concreting operations. Further research into the effects of other productivity factors using simulation modeling is recommended to establish optimal situations for a wide range of operating conditions that can be used to provide estimating and planning information for planning engineers on construction sites.

Optimization, labour productivity,dumper,regression analysis , simulation.

[1]. Adamu K.J.,Dzasu W.E.,Haruna A. And Balla S.K.(2011) Labour Productivity Constraints in the Nigerian Construction Indusrry,Continental J.Environmental Design and Management 1(2) pp 9-13
[2]. Alinaitwe H. M. (2006) Labour Productivity in the Building Industry-Studies of Uganda. Licentiate Thesis, ISSN 1651-0380, Construction Management Publications
[3]. Ameh O. J. & Odusami K. T. (2002) Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in the Nigerian Construction Industry – A Case Study of Indigenous Contracting Organization in Lagos, Journal of the Nigerian Institution of Quantity Surveyors, July – September, 14-18.
[4]. Ameh O. J. & Odusami K. T. (2003) Evaluation of Production Outputs for In-situ Concreting Operations in Single storey buildings in Lagos – Construction in Nigeria: The Journal of the Federation of Construction Industry, vol. 18 (1) – January - May 2003, 4 – 11.
[5]. Anson M., and Wang S. Q. (1994) Performance Yardsticks for Concrete Placing During Building Construction, Transaction of Hong Kong Institute of Engineers, HKIE, Vol. 1, pp 1-18, Aug.

"LOVE" is ACT OF GOD?... "UNIVERSE" is made up of LOVE?... "MANY RELIGIONS" claim that "GOD IS LOVE"… "UNO" observes February 14 as LOVERS DAY?... "ST. VALENTINE BISHOP" refers Human Heart as "SYMBOL OF LOVE"… "SCHOLARS" distinguish Human Love from DIVINE LOVE?...

a) Philosophy of "LOVE"?...
b) Philosophy of "CREATION"?...
c) Philosophy of "INCARNATION"?...
d) Philosophy of "PARENT ANGEL"?...
e) Philosophy of "INCARNATED ANGEL"?...

a) Intensive Internet "e-book" study through, Google search and wikipedia
b) M.Arulmani, "3G Akkanna Man", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2011
c) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "Tamil the Law of Universe", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
d) Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihriah, "Essentials of management", Tata McGraw-Hill publications, 2005
e) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "First Music and First Music Alphabet", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012

Concrete plays a major role in the construction industry. Natural sand is a prime material used for the preparation of concrete and also plays an important role in Mix Design. Now a day's river erosion and other environmental issues have led to the scarcity of river sand. The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to find new alternative materials to replace river sand so that excess river erosion is prevented and high strength concrete is obtained at lower cost. One such material is Quarry stone dust: a by-product obtained during quarrying process. Attempts have been made to study the suitability of Quarry dust as sand replacing material and it has been found that Quarry dust improves the mechanical properties of concrete as well as elastic modulus. The optimum compressive strength is achieved at the proportion of fine to coarse with 60:40 ratio.

Compressive strength, Concrete, Elastic modulus, Natural sand, Mechanical properties, Quarry dust

[1]. Strength and durability properties of concrete containing quarry dust as fine aggregate, R.Ilangovana, N.Mahendrana and K.Nagamanib, Pg.No. 20 to 26, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, Vol.3,No.5, October 2008.
[2]. Study of Properties of SCC using 'Quarry Dust' and 'Fly Ash', M.V. Rama Raju, K.V.Vivek, Dr.T.Siva Shankar Reddy and P. Srinivas Reddy, Pg.No. 323 to 332, International Journal if Engineering Science Research, Vol 02, Issue 04, August-September 2011.
[3]. Comparative long term study of concrete mix design procedure for fine aggregate replacement with fly ash by minimum void method and maximum density method, A.D.Pofale and S.V.Deo, Pg.No. 759 to 764, KSCE journal of civil Engineering (2010) 14(5).
[4]. Characteristic studies on the mechanical properties of quarry dust addition in conventional concrete, A.Sivakumar and Prakash M, Journal of civil engineering and construction technology, vol. 2(10), Pg.No. 218 to 235, October 2011.
[5]. Use of crusehed granite fine as replacement ti river sand in concrete production, Manasseh JOEL, Pg.No. 85 to 96, Leonardo electronics journal of practice and technologies, Issue 17, July- December 2010.

Plastic materials occupy a large part in our daily lives because of their ease of installation and relatively low production costs. The rapid technical development and we live brings more and more mechanical engineers to face the problems of damage to materials. However, these problems are even more serious than fatigue cracking often leads to a sudden break often cause accidents. This unfortunately happens all too frequently, due to insufficient knowledge either room service conditions or even damage parameters. This work presents new developments in the field of fracture mechanics and the objective is the evaluation of defects and thus a better estimate of the reliability of the polymeric material structures

polymer breakdown, damage, traction, ABS

[1]. Sanchez-Santana U., Comportement dynamique des matériaux et structures après sollicitation en fatigue. Thèse de doctorat, Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007.
[2]. Criens R.M. and Moslé H.G., Faillure of plastics, edited by W. Brostow and R.D. Corneliunssen Hauser, 1986.
[3]. Brostow W., Kubàt J. and Kubàt M., Physical properties of polymers handbook, Chapter 23: Mechanical properties, American Institute of physics, James E. Mark editor, 1996.
[4]. Lemaitre J. andChaboche J.L., Aspect phénoménologique de la rupture par endommagement, journal de la mécanique appliquée, Vol 2, 1978.
[5]. Shia-Chung C., Rheologicalbehavior of PS polymer melt under ultra-high speed injection molding, Polymer Testing Journal, Volume 31, Issue 7, October 2012.

Nowadays Electrical Energy is a vital resource for human being for their day to day activities. It is very important to know the usage of electricity to regulate the consumption. The power usage is a very important criterion in places like domestic purpose, industries, public places, etc. At the end of every month as soon as the electricity bill arrives we may be surprised because of over usage, we may get more bill amount and in turn electrical board may demand us pay more ASD (Advanced security deposit). To overcome this problem we propose the new idea of enabling the digital meters to send the instant power usage statistics through Internet. It is very important to know about the basic knowledge of what is electricity meter, how to measure the amount of electrical energy (in watt hour [Wh] units), and power consumption by house hold equipments or devices. We should also know the tariff of the Electrical board for each unit in various domains. By using all these data we can provide an effective regulation of power usage and in turn which leads to expected electrical bill amount. This paper gives a new approach towards instant access of power usage details through IP enabled electronic meter to minimize or reduce the day to day electrical power consumption.

IOT, IP enabled electronic meter, Advance Meter Infrastructure (AMI), kilowatt hour [kWh], ASD (Advanced security deposit),HMI (Human Machine Interface)

[1]. Keith B. Brock, P.E. Robert P. Hansen, PhD, P.E., Internet-Accessible Power Monitoring & Control Systems, GE Specification Engineers.
[2]. Using Wireless Power Meters to Measure Energy Use of Miscellaneous and Electronic Devices in Buildings Richard Brown1, Steven Lanzisera1, Hoi Ying (Iris) Cheung1, Judy Lai1, Xiaofan Jiang2, Stephen Dawson-Haggerty2, Jay Taneja2, Jorge Ortiz2 , David Culler2. Published in the Proceedings of the Energy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting (EEDAL) 2011 Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 24-26, 2011. [3]. Biometric Electronic Wallet for Digital Currency, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, volume 3, issue 5, 2014.
[4]. Jen-HaoTeng;Shun-Yu;ChanLain-Chyr wang,Development of a smart power meter for AMI based on ZigBee communication, Shang-Wen Luan ; Dept. of Electr. Eng., I-Shou Univ., Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
[5]. Yau, S.S. ; Inf. Assurance Center, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, USA ; Buduru, A.B,Intelligent Planning for Developing Mobile IoT Applications Using Cloud Systems.

Now-a-days due to rising stress levels, change in lifestyles and a variety of different issues, the number of people suffering from heart related diseases is increasing. This number would significantly rise in the next few years. As the technology enhanced, a significant paradigm shift has been observed in the biomedical industry. To tackle the heart related issues, technology can be introduced in one's life. This paper proposes a wireless, wearable ECG device capable of processing the patient's ECG in a real time environment. It is capable of comparing the ECG with threshold parameters, and if ECG of the patient is not in the range of the threshold values, the device notifies the cardiac patient's mobile phone by sending a Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) of the changed ECG and, in turn the patient's mobile phone sends this changed ECG image to the mobile phone present at the hospital.

ECG, Cardiac Patient, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mobile Phone, Hospital, Wearable Devices, Microcontroller.

[1]. Global Health Observatory (2015) World Health Organization statistics on Deaths from cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/mortality_morbidity/cvd/en/
[2]. Edward J. Berbari, Principles of Electrocardiography - the Biomedical Engineering Handbook, 2nd ed., Ed. Joseph D. Bronzino, CRC Press LLC, 2000.
[3]. Electrocardiograph (2015) Core medical equipment – Information. [Online]. Available
http://www.who.int/medical_devices/innovation/electrocardiograph.pdf
[4]. (2015) The Vandrio Inc website. [Online]. Available: http://vandrico.com/
[5]. Santiago Led, Jorge Fernández and Luis Serrano, "Design of a Wearable Device for ECG Continuous Monitoring Using Wireless Technology," in the 26th Annu. Int. Conf. of IEEE EMBS, San Francisco, CA, USA, 1st-5th Sept. 2004, pp. 3318-3321.

Multicasting is the delivery of a message or information to a group of destination computers simultaneously in a single transmission from the source. The copies of the messages are automatically created in other network elements like routers but only when the topology of the network requires it. Multicast is implemented most commonly in IP multicast which is further could be employed in internet protocol applications of streaming media. In the IP multicast the implementation of the multicast concept occurs at the IP routing level where routers create optimal distribution paths for datagram sent to a multicast destination address. At the Data Link Layer, multicast describes one-to-many distribution such as Ethernet multicast addressing, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) point-to-multipoint virtual circuits (P2MP) multicast. In this paper we have compared various multicasting mechanisms. The comparison is done on the basis of various factors like complexity, overhead, maintenance, etc. The mechanisms that are part of the paper are a secure ALM P2P multicasting technique for large scale networks using face recognition, IP multicasting techniques and the overlay multicasting techniques. The comparison of these multicasting techniques will help us to design and Implement a Secure Application-Level Multicasting (SALM) P2P Overlay Multicasting for large Scale Network. The main objective of the paper is to discuss all the three above mentioned multicasting phenomenon's and compare them on the basis of certain criterion so as carved out the best of all which can be further used for designing a secure multicasting technique which can take the best features of all combined together so as to get effective and efficient technique for multicasting the throughput of the network by effective and efficient delivery of the information to all the members of the group. The certain findings can be carved out of the comparison can help us to create a multicasting technique with less incurring of delays so that information can be delivered in limited time span and multicast path length so that efficient paths should be used so as to enhance performance in multicasting. Moreover in this paper we will study & investigate other issues that degrades the performance of Multicasting Techniques for large Scale Network and later we will come to know through the comparison that which technique performs well in these harsh environment and give effective results.

Multicasting, Application Level Multicasting, IP Multicasting, Overlay Multicasting

[1]. L. Sahasrabuddhe and B. Mukherjee, "Multicast Routing Algorithms and Protocols: A Tutorial", IEEE Network, Jan/Feb 2000, pg. 90-102.
[2]. V. N. Padmanabhan, H. J. Wang, and P. A. Chou. "Resilient Peer-to-Peer Streaming". In roceedings of the 11th ICNP, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2003.
[3]. J. Buford J, "Survey of ALM, OM, hybrid technologies" SAM (Scalable Adaptive Multicast) RG meeting at IETF 66, Montreal, January 2006, pg 161-166
[4]. C.K. Yeo, B.S. Lee, M.H. Er, "A survey of application level multicast techniques", Computer Communications 27 (2004) pg. 1547–1568.
[5]. W. Jia, W. Zhao, D. Xuan, G. Xu,"An Efficient Fault- Tolerant Multicast Routing Protocol with Core-Based Tree Techniques," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, October 1999, vol. 10, , pg. 984 – 1000.

Clustering has been recognized as the unsupervised classification of data items into groups. Due to the explosion in the number of autonomous data sources, there is an emergent need for effective approaches in distributed clustering. The distributed clustering algorithm is used to cluster the distributed datasets without gathering all the data in a single site. The K-Means is a popular clustering method owing to its simplicity and speed in clustering large datasets. But it fails to handle directly the datasets with categorical attributes which are generally occurred in real life datasets. Huang proposed the K-Modes clustering algorithm by introducing a new dissimilarity measure to cluster categorical data. This algorithm replaces means of clusters with a frequency based method which updates modes in the clustering process to minimize the cost function. Most of the distributed clustering algorithms found in the literature seek to cluster numerical data. In this paper, a novel Ensemble based Distributed K-Modes clustering algorithm is proposed, which is well suited to handle categorical data sets as well as to perform distributed clustering process in an asynchronous manner. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the existing distributed K-Means clustering algorithms, and K-Modes based Centralized Clustering algorithm. The experiments are carried out for various datasets of UCI machine learning data repository.

Distributed Clustering, K-Modes, Categorical data, Local Model and Global Model

[1]. Anil Chaturvedi, Paul E., Green J., Douglas Caroll., K-Modes Clustering, Journal of Classification , 18(1), 35-55 (2001)
[2]. Anil K. Jain, Data Clustering: 50 Years Beyond K-Means, Pattern Recognition Letters, (2009) [3]. Bin Wang , Yang Zhou , Xinhong Hei, Coercion: A Distributed Clustering Algorithm for Categorical Data, 9th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, 683 – 687 (2013)
[4]. Daniel Barbara, Julia Couto, Yi Li, COOLCAT: an entropy-based algorithm for categorical clustering, Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on Information and knowledge management, (2002)
[5]. Datta S., Giannella C.R., Kargupta H., Approximate distributed K-Means clustering over a peer-to-peer network, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 21(10), 1372-1388 (2009)

One of the critical issues in WSNs is providing security for the secret data in military applications. It is necessary to ensure data integrity and authentication for the source data and secure end-to-end path for data transmission. Mobile sinks are suitable for data collection and localization. Mobile sinks and sensor nodes communicate with each other using their public identity, which is prone to security attacks like sink replication and node replication attack. In this work, we have proposed Source Encrypted Authentic Data algorithm (SEAD) that hides the location of mobile sink from malicious nodes. The sensed data is encrypted utilizing symmetric encryption ---Advanced Encryption Standards (AES) and tracks the location of the mobile sink. When data encounters a malicious node in a path, then data transmission path is diverted through a secure path. SEAD uses public encryption ---Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to verify the authenticity of the data. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm ensures data integrity and node authenticity against malicious nodes. Double encryption in the proposed algorithm produces better results in comparison with the existing algorithms.

Cryptography, Mobile Sink, Secure Routing, Wireless Sensor Networks, Advanced Encryption Standard, Elliptic Curve Cryptography.

[1]. Y. Wang, G. Attebury and B. Ramamurthy, "A Survey of Security Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Communications and Survey Tutorials, 2nd Quarter, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-15, 2006.
[2]. J. N. Al-Karaki, and A. E. Kamal, "Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey," ICUBE initiative of Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
[3]. Y. Tsou, C. Lu, and S. Kuo, "MoteSec-Aware: A Practical Secure Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 2817-2829, June 2013.
[4]. P. Porambage, Pardeep Kumar, C. Schmitt, A. Gurtov and M. Ylianttila, "Certificate-Based Pairwise Key Establishment Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE, 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE), pp. 667-674, 2013.
[5]. Y. Li, J. Li, J. Ren and J. Wu, "Providing Hop-by-Hop Authentication and Source Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks", 31st Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, pp. 3353-3357, 2012.

Multiplexing parallel busses into serial links has been proposed for its advantages such as reducing inter connect area, coupling capacitance and crosstalk. But serialization increases bit transition which increases the activity switching factor and power dissipation. Many coding schemes have been proposed to optimize the activity switching factor which is a result of increased number of bit transitions. This paper compares some of the techniques which are used to reduce the activity switching factor and the power dissipation. This paper gives an overview of the bus invert coding, the weight based bus invert coding, the partial bus invert coding, the serialized low energy transmission coding, the transition inversion coding, and the embedded transition inversion coding. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are compared and the best among them is found to be embedded transition inversion coding.

activity switching factor, word length.

[1]. M. R. Stan and W. P. Burleson, "Bus-invert coding for low-power I/O," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 49–58, Mar. 1995.
[2]. R. B. Lin and C. M. Tsai, "Weight-based bus-invert coding for lowpower applications," in Proc. Int. Conf. VLSI Design, Jan. 2002, pp. 121–125.
[3]. Y. Shin, S. I. Chae, and K. Choi, "Partial bus-invert coding for power optimization of application-specific systems," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 377–383, Apr. 2001.
[4]. K. Lee, S. J. Lee, and H. J. Yoo, "SILENT: Serialized low energy transmission coding for on-chip interconnection networks," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput.-Aided Design Conf., Nov. 2004, pp.448–451.
[5]. R. Abinesh, R. Bharghava, and M. B. Srinivas, "Transition inversion based low power data coding scheme for synchronous serial communication," in Proc. IEEE Comput. Soc. Annu. Symp. VLSI Conf., May2009,pp.103–108.

This scientific research focus that Ancient Pallavas race called by author as "FLYING PALLAVAS" shall be considered as origin of ancient human race on the "Earth Planet" lived in KACHCHA THEEVU (3,00,000 years ago) even before emission of 1st sun rays on the earth planet. The scientific research focus that the Pallavas race shall be considered as ancient angel race migrated from DEVAS RACE of white planet (also called as mother planet of universe). The Pallavas race shall also be considered as expert in stone architect work, father of dark rice and inventor of "IDLI FORMULA".

i) Philosophy of Pallavas Immigration?...
ii) Philosophy of Transgenders?...
iii) Philosophy of Dravidian Era?...
iv) Philosophy of January 14?...
v) Philosophy of March 8?...
vi) Philosophy of March 21?...
vii) Philosophy of J-Rice?...
viii) Philosophy of Caste and Race?...

a) Intensive Internet "e-book" study through, Google search and wikipedia
b) M.Arulmani, "3G Akkanna Man", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2011
c) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "Tamil the Law of Universe", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
d) Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihriah, "Essentials of management", Tata McGraw-Hill publications, 2005
e) M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, "First Music and First Music Alphabet", Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012

Block manufacturers in Nigeria are faced with the problem of mix proportioning to meet the compressive strength and water absorption requirements. This paper developed new models for predicting the 28th day compressive strength and water absorption of sand-quarry dust blocks using Osadebe's regression model which expresses the response as a function of the proportions of the mixture components. The models were formulated using existing data and were validated using the F statistic and probability plots. A comparison of the models and the existing ones based on Scheffe's simplex lattice models showed that there is no statistical difference between them. The new models however have wider range and are more user friendly.

Sand-quarry dust blocks, Osadebe's regression model, mix proportioning, Scheffe's simplex lattice model, Compressive strength, Water absorption.

[1]. Oyekan, G. L. and Kamiyo, O. M. "Effects of Granite Fines on the Structural and Hygrothermal Properties of Sandcrete Blocks",Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 3 (9), 735– 741, 2008,
[2]. Olaniyan, O. S, Afolabi, O. M., Okeyinka, O. M. "Granite fines as a partial replacement for sand in sandcrete block production",International journal of Engineering and Technology, 2 (8) 1392-1394, 2012
[3]. Manasseh J. "Use of crushed granite fine as replacement to river sand in concrete production", Leonardo electronics journal of practice and technologies, Issue 17, 85 – 96, 2010
[4]. Nagabhushana and, Sharadabai, H. "Use of crushed rock powder as replacement of fine aggregate in mortar and concrete",Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 4 (8) 917 – 922, 2011

The management of the technical assets is a challenging task and optimizing their usage is critical. To ensure the effective utilization of assets, it is very important to make the effective decision regarding assets throughout its lifecycle and an effective decision based on the fact that how is the asset‟s information managed throughout its lifecycle. The objective of this paper is to develop an application "Asset Management" which effectively manage the asset-information and help decision makers to make effective decisions regarding assets. For this purpose, first we propose to identify the asset information requirements and second is technologies needed to gather such information. The finding of this paper would help in selecting asset management web application to provide information about assets in real world applications so that decision makers can make effective decisions and make effective utilization of assets.

Asset, Asset Management, Asset Management Life Cycle

[1]. IEEE paper on Asset Tracking Guide.Author: Thomas Watson (President & Cofounder AMI)Asset Management International1008 Western Ave., Suite 503Seattle, WA 9810(877) 297-7618
[2]. IEEE paper on Asset Information Management Strategy. MOHAMED ZIED OUERTANIEngineering Department, Cambridge University,16 Mill Lane, Cambridge, CB21RX, United Kingdom mzo21@cam.ac.uk
[3]. AJITH KUMAR PARLIKAD Engineering Department, Cambridge University, 16 Mill Lane, Cambridge, CB21RX, United Kingdom aknp2@cam.ac.uk
[4]. DUNCAN MCFARLANEEngineering Department, Cambridge University, 16 Mill Lane,Cambridge, CB21RX, United Kingdomdcm@eng.cam.ac.uk
[5]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_identification_and_data_capture

This paper proposes the combined system of a thyristor – controlled reactor (TCR) and the shunt active filter for harmonic and reactive power compensation. The tuned passive filter and the TCR form a shunt passive filter to compensate the reactive power. The power system harmonics are a menace to electric power system with disastrous consequences. The line current harmonics can cause increase in losses, instability and voltage distortion. Shunt active filters have been used near harmonic producing loads or at the point of common coupling to block the current harmonics. With the diverse application involving reactive power together with harmonic compensation, passive filters are found suitable. The total harmonic distortion and compensation current are carried out in MATLAB using SIMULINK. With the increase in non-linear loads in power system, more and more filters are required. The active filters are designed and analysed to improve the power quality

TCR , shunt active filter, Total harmonic distortion, power quality, power quality.

[1]. M.Augalo, S.A.Mussa "Active power filter control strategy with implicit closed loop control and resonant controller",IEEE Trans.Ind.,electron, july 2013.
[2]. Sivaranjani.R and jayalalitha .S " Harmonics and reactive power compensation using the shunt active filters" International conference on recent advancement in Electrical and Electronics control, 2013
[3]. Sivaranjani.R and jayalalitha .S "Improvement of DC bus voltage of shunt active filterusing the controllers", International conference on recent advancement in Electrical and Electronics control, 2011.
[4]. Poorvi.M and prof.M.V.Makawana " Harmonics analysis using the shunt active filters" in Journal of information , knowledge and research in Electrical Engineering,2011.
[5]. A.Hamadi and S.Rahmani " A hybirdpassive filter configuration for VAR control and harmonics compensation" ,IEEE Trans . .Ind.,electron, june 2010.

In the solar power and conservative energy, our basic mission was to build things that don't use any sort of fuel that harms the environment. One of the most well-liked ways of conserving energy is using solar panels. Solar panels capture light, and transforms that light into electrical. The first objective in this research was to build an electric car that uses solar panels. To do so we connected a solar panel to a motor which rotates a series of gears that turns the wheels. We used a lot of sunlight though to power the motor enough were the gears spins fast enough to move the car. Capacitors store electric energy, and we could store this electrical energy by taking electrical energy from a source; such as a battery. Another way we produced conservative energy is the use of windmill/wind turbines. For this case we used a wind turbine to rotate a series of gears (similar to the solar power car) which could turn a coil inside a generator (counter clockwise), which produced an electrical energy.

solar power, conservative energy, environment, wind power, and wind turbine

[1]. Components of solar energy systems. [Online]. Available:
http://www.sunpower wind.com/ Solar Panels.htm
[2]. Solar PV systems [online], Available : http://www.arc-ers.co.uk/solar-pv
[3]. How does a wind turbine work? [Online]. Available:
http://thirumalaikumargn.blogspot.com/2014/11/how-it-works-most-wind-turbines-start.html

In this study, the effect of glass cover on the energy and exergy efficiencies of conventional type solar air heater was investigated experimentally. Classic and tempered low iron glass were used as a glass cover. Two of collectors whose dimensions are 900x1900x170mm3 were used in the experiments. The experiments were conducted at the air flow rates of 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 kg/s. Energy and exergy efficiencies were evaluated regarding to experimental results. As a result of the experiments, it was found that energy efficiency of the collector equipped with tempered glass with low iron oxide content increases by an amount of 4.5%-5.3%. In case of exergy efficiency, an increase was also observed between 0.4 and 0.82 percent.

Solar energy, Solar air heater, Tempered Glass

[1] Uyarel, A., Y., & Öz,E.,S., Güneş Enerjisi ve Uygulamaları., 2nd ed., Birsen Yayınevi, Ankara, Turkey, 1988.
[2] İ.,Kurtbaş, A., Durmuş, "Efficiency and Exergy Analysis of A New Solar Air Heater," Renewable Energy ,vol.29, pp.1489–1501,2004.
[3] H.,Esen, "Experimental Energy and Exergy Analysis of A Double-Flow Solar Air Heater Having Different Obstacles on Absorber Plates," Building and Environment, vol.43 , pp.1046–1054,2008.
[4] A.Ucar, and M. İnallı, "Thermal and Exergy Analysis of Solar Air Collectors With Passive Augmentation Techniques," International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.33, pp.1281–1290, 2006.
[5] E.K.Akpınar and F. Koçyiğit, " Energy and Exergy Analysis of A New Flat-Plate Solar Air Heater Having Different Obstacles on Absorber Plates," Applied Energy, vol.87, pp.3438–3450,2010.

The proposed work presents the studies on stability, flow, and volumetric properties of fibre reinforced bituminous concrete in comparison with properties of conventional bituminous concrete .Marshall's stability tests were conducted to determine optimum binder content of ordinary mix. By varying the amount of 10mm polypropylene fibre (4%,6%,8% and 10% by weight of bitumen) optimum fibre content was obtained as 5.33% by weight of binder. By varying the binder content (3.5%,4%, 4.5%, 5% and 5.5%) and keeping the optimum fibre content as constant, optimum bitumen content was determined (4.41% by weight of mix). The results indicate that addition of PP fibre increases the stability value and decreases the flow value.

Fibre reinforced, PP fibres, FRBC, Marshall's test, OBC

[1]. K.Thulasiraja, V.L. Narasimha, "Studies on Coir Fibre Reinforced bituminous concrete", International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, ISSN 0974-5904.
[2]. Sayyed Mahdi Abthai, Saman Esfandiarpour, Mehmet Kunt, Sayyed Mahdi Hejazi, Milad Ghorban Ebrahimi, "Hybrid Reinforcement of Asphalt Concrete mixtures using Glass and Polypropylene fibres", Journal of Engineered Fibres and Fabrics.
[3]. T. Subramani, "Experimental Investigations on Coir fibre reinforced bituminous mixes", International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications.
[4]. Kamil E Kaloush, Waleed A Zeiade, "Evaluation of Fibre Reinforced Asphalt mixtures using advanced material characterization tests".
[5]. J. Murali Krishnan "Asphalt Mix Design", HINCOL Training Program – 2013.

Short-term memory is the information we are currently aware of or thinking about. The amount of information that can be stored in short-term memory can vary. An often cited figure is plus or minus seven items, based on the results of a famous experiment on short-term memory. Use of various new techniques to enhance the training module certainly help the learning in college age population, but doesnot provide any solution to the biologically retarding memory due to stress and inflammation of the neurons of the brain. Our research aimed to study the effect different energy doses of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on memorizing capacity of the young population aged 20years to 30 years. For the purpose two equivalent tests of non-associated meaningful words were used. 106 subjects were divided into in Group A and Group B and each group took the "non-associated memory test" test, followed by Low Level Laser Therapytwice a week for four weeks. At the end of the 30thday an equivalent "non-associated memory test" post test was taken and the data was analyzed. The memory retention score of Group A was increase by 29.7% after 8 applications of LLLT. On the other hand group B showed 2% increase after 8 applications of LLLT.

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[1]. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/year/?year=1903
[2]. Ilia Stambler. A History of Life-Extensionism in the Twentieth Century. International Longevity Alliance 2013
[3]. Diffey BL (1980). "Ultraviolet radiation physics and the skin". Phys. Med. Biol. 25 (3): 405–426. [PMID 6996006 doi:10.1088/0031-9155/25/3/001]
[4]. Even, C; Schröder, CM; Friedman, S; Rouillon, F (2008). "Efficacy of light therapy in nonseasonal depression: A systematic review". Journal of Affective Disorders 108 (1–2): 11–23. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.09.008. PMID 17950467
[5]. F. W. Willis Some High Lights on Physiotherapy J Natl Med Assoc. 1926 Oct-Dec; 18(4): 204–206. PMCID: PMC2623894.

Transmission system with proposed multiplexer-flip-flops (MUX-FFs) has a high throughput and low-cost solution for serial link transmitters. MUX-FFs is designed with proposed multiplexer-latches that possess a logic function of various combinational circuits and storing capacity of sequential circuits. Pipeline arrangement with MUX-FFs composed of cascaded latches and MUX-latches with this many latch gates for sequential can be removed. Simulation results show that a 8-to-1 serializer with MUX-FFs reduces 63% gate-count compared to traditional pipeline transmission architecture. The measured results shows that the MUX-FFs and the proposed transmission architecture are almost bit error free and high speed in transmission.

MUX-FFs and MUX-latches, pipelined serializer, gate-count

[1]. H. LU, C. SU, AND C.-N. J. LIU, "A TREE-TOPOLOGY MULTIPLEXER FOR MULTIPHASE CLOCK SYSTEM," IEEE TRANS. CIRCUITS SYST. I, REG. PAPERS, VOL. 56, NO. 1, PP. 124–131, JAN. 2009.
[2]. D. Tondo and R. Lopez, "A low-power, high-speed CMOS/CML 16:1 serializer," Argentine School Micro-Nano electron., Technol. Appl. (EAMTA), pp. 81–86, Oct. 2009.
[3]. W.-Y. Tsai, C.-T. Chiu, J.-M. Wu, S.-H. Hsu, andY.-S. Hsu, "A novel MUX-FF circuit for low power and high speed serial link interfaces," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (ISCAS), Jun. 2010, pp. 4305–4308.
[4]. W.-Y. Tsai, C.-T. Chiu, J.-M. Wu, S. S. Hsu, and Y.-S. Hsu, "A novel low gate-count pipeline topology with multiplexer-flip-flops for serial link," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (ISCAS), Jun. 2012.
[5]. J.-Y. Song and O.-K. Kwon "Low-power 10-Gb/s transmitter for high-speed graphic DRAMs using 0.18-μm CMOS technology" IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 921-925, 2011

The Chinese ideological and political education is full of Chinese peculiarity. According to Marxism, the ideological and political education is one kind of social practice which considers education as its central task. Under the new concept of educational technology, ideological and political education should also reflect the characteristics of modern technology. The paper explores three technological models of this particular education including decision model, educational activity model, and educational resources and technology model. In the teaching process, teachers can apply different models in class or after class to meet the requirements of their teaching contents and objectives. Apart from three models, the paper also discusses advantages and disadvantages of applying information technology in politics teaching. Suggestions on how to apply information technology properly and efficiently are offered in the last part of the paper.

Ideological and political education, decision model, educational activity model, educational resources and technology model.

[1] Mie Yong, Wang Lanlan. Construction of Learning and Teaching E Pattern under Information Technological Enviroment. China Educational Technology, 2011, (2): 19-22.
[2] Zhang Yaocan, Zheng Yongting, Wu Qiantao, Luo Yuting. Modern Ideological and Political Education. Beijing: People's Press, 2006.
[3] Ma Juxia. Creative Design of Multi-media Teaching in College Ideological and Political Education. Education and Profession, 2010, (7).
[4] Luo Junfang. Reflection of Multi-media Teaching in College Ideological and Political Education. Journal of Hebei Economic and Trade, 2009, (2).

Medieval Philosophers believed "ALCHEMY" as mystic knowledge, mystic science based on Hermitic Principles. ALCHEMISTS considered Alchemy also as Proto Science which was foundation to Modern Science, modern chemistry, chemical elements, and developed structures of basic Laboratory Techniques, theories, Terminologies, experimental methods contributed to modern physical sciences. Further Medieval Alchemists believed AETHER, AIR, WATER, EARTH, FIRE, SULPHER, MERCURY, SALT were Primary sources to Alchemy origin. In ancient time Egyptian Alchemists, Greek Alchemists Mesopotamian Alchemists were considered as evolved thinkers to transform basic matters into another form of matters. They believed origin of planets, plants, animals, were considered as transformed state of Alchemy say PLANET ALCHEMY, PLANT ALCHEMY, ANIMAL ALCHEMY. Even they believed Heart and Soul of mankind can be transformed into another form. Some Alchemists believed GOLD, SILVER are transmuted form of basic element LEAD. Study shows than Etymology of word ALCHEMY considered derived from Arabic word "ALKIMIYA" which means "PHILOSOPHERS STONE". "Robert Boyle" is considered as "Father of Chemistry" in medieval period.

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Advancements of Computer technology has made every organization to implement the automatic processing systems for its activities. One of the examples is the recognition of handwritten characters, which has always been a challenging task in image processing and pattern recognition. In this paper we propose Zone based features for recognition of the handwritten characters. In this zoning approach a digit image is divided into 8x8 zones and centre pixel is computed for each zone. This procedure is sequentially repeated for entire zone. Finally features are extracted for classification and recognition.

Image processing, multi-zoning, pattern recognition, handwritten characters;

[1]. A.F.R.Rahman, M.C.Fairhurst, "Recognition of handwritten Bengali Characters: A Novel Multistage Approach", Pattern Recognition, 35,997-1006, 2002.
[2]. R.Chandrashekaran, M.Chandrasekaran, Gift Siromaney, "Computer Recognition of Tamil, Malayalam and Devanagari characters", Journal of IETE, Vol.30, No.6, 1984.
[3]. U.Pal, N.Sharma, F.Kimura, "Recognition of Handwritten Kannada Numerals", 9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06), ICIT, pp. 133-136.
[4]. Dinesh Acharya U, N VSubba Reddy and Krishnamurthy, "Isolated handwritten Kannada numeral recognition using structural feature and K-means cluster", IISN-2007, pp-125 -129.
[5]. Arora, Sandhya, Debotosh Bhattacharjee, Mita Nasipuri, Dipak Kumar Basu, and Mahantapas Kundu. "Combining Multiple Feature Extraction Techniques for Handwritten Devnagari CharacterRecognition." In Industrial and Information Systems, 2008. ICIIS 2008. IEEE Region 10 and the Third international Conference on, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2008.

One of the many factors that lead to first impression on quality aspect of the car is door itself. Vehicle door is the first part that customer handle while buying the car. Thus the quality of the door needs to be updated considering the present and future handling of door. When the car is new the performance of door is almost satisfactory, but in some situations like unusual handling of door by kids, unusual handling during servicing or repairing some extra vertical force may get applied to the door. And that affect door working and results in to door sag. So it's important to consider the door performance in sag in advance. Thus aim of this paper is to study the existing door hinge performance in sag and to find out the optimized solution and to check the possibilities of weight reduction of hinges.

FEA, Door Sag, BIW, Stiffness

[1]. Practical finite element analysis – Nitin S. Gokhle
[2]. Concepts and applications of finite element analysis – Robert Cook
[3]. Advances in nonlinear finite element analysis of automobiles K.J.Bathe Hypermesh User Guide
[4]. Nastran User Guide
[5]. Altair video training guide

Structural performance of any mechanical component is measured basically in terms of its natural frequency, deformation, stiffness, maximum stress level, fatigue life etc. In case of vehicle suspension system; however tie rod is mainly under compressive and fluctuating forces encounter from steering and bumping of vehicle. When steering acts to turn the vehicle, tie rod comes under compressive load. And when vehicle running on rough road condition, fluctuating forces. When we design the tie rod we need to know the design space available. The prime objective is minimize weight and cost. In order to achieve these targets we have optimize the parameters that affects the structural performance of Tie rod. This paper emphasizes on optimistic way of designing the tie rod that ultimately yields the effective and efficient performance of Tie rod.

FEA, Modal FEA, Natural frequency, stiffness.

[1]. Pradeep Mahadevappa Chavan1 and M Patnaik (2014) "Performance evaluation of passenger car tie rod using numerical and theoretical approach with different materials" IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume: 03 Issue: 08 eISSN: 2319-1163 pISSN: 2321-7308.
[2]. Raghavendra K and Ravi K (2014) "Buckling analysis of tractor tie rod subjected to compressive load" International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (125-129).
[3]. George Campbell, Wen Ting from Ford Motor and Peyman Aghssa and Claus C. Hoff from MSC Software (1994) "Buckling and Geometric Nonlinear Analysis of a Tie Rod in MSC/NASTRAN Version 68" World Users' Conference (pp.1-15). Lake Buena Vista, FL: MSC Software Corporation, (Acrobat 630KB) #1594
[4]. Manik A. Patil1 et al (2013) "FEA of Tie rod of steering system of car" International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 2, Issue 5, May 2013 ISSN 2319 - 4847
[5]. Brandon H. Wegge engineer Lean Enterprise, The Boeing Company, Ridley Park, PA and Lance Proctor Sr. Technical Representative, MSC Software, Chambersburg, PA (2002) "A statistical method of identifying general buckling modes on the Chinook helicopter fuselage" Worldwide Aerospace Conference & Technology Showcase, Toulouse, France.

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Jets, sprites, climate change, high power lasers, orbital electrical socket, electrical breakdown, Impulsar, launching of objects by laser, high power lasers, optical breakdown, shock waves, conductivity of dust plasma, optical breakdown.

[1] H.T.Su, R.R.Hsu, A.B.Chen, Y.C.Wang, W.C.Hsiao, L.C.Lee,M.Sato, H. Fukunishi,"Gigantic jets between a thundercloud and the ionosphere", Nature,V.423,p.974,26June2003.
[2] V. V. Apollonov, "To the space by laser light", Vestnik of RANS 1, (2008).
[3] V. V. Apollonov, Yu.S. Vagin, "Conducting channel creation in a non-conductive media", RF Patent № 2009118874, 2009
[4] V.V.Apollonov,Yu.S.Vagin, A.B.Egorov, V.V.Kiyko, V.I. Kislov, Patent РФ № 2175159.
[5] V.V.Apollonov, High power lasers for "Lightcraft" applications, Proceedings of ISBEP-6. Santa Fe, (NM), USA, 2009.

In this work,there may be some requirements of finding out the coupling loss factors of system component.It becomes difficult to exactly know the coupling loss factor by looking at the behavior of the system. For this purpose, the numerical solution developed in this work. Initially, one need to extract the displacement, velocity and energy profiles of the system which has got the components installed for which the coupling loss factor need to be determined. Then the numerical simulations can be run for different coupling loss factor of the vibrating system and the coupling loss factor can be found when the simulation results match with the experimental measurements. In this paper the experimentation is carried out i for the model a)Pre-design application of the work developed. b) Post design application of the work developed. The numerical results converge very well towards the experimental results as the coupling loss factor in simulation is varied towards the actual value. Similarly, for the second approach the experimental results converge towards the simulation results of 0.15 as the coupling loss factor of the damper that is installed on the system is varied towards 0.15.

Coupling Loss Factor, Damper, Transient excitation,

[1] Harris and Creede: Shock and vibration handbook, 1996.
[2] Ayre, R. S.: Engineering vibrations, 1958
[3] Timoshenko S, Young D H, Weaver W.: Vibration problems in engineering, 1974
[4] Snowdon J C.: Vibration and shock in damped mechanical systems, 1968
[5] Morrow: Shock and vibration engineering, 1963

Document summarization means retrieved short and important text from the source document. In this paper, we studied various techniques. Plenty of techniques have been developed on English summarization and other Indian languages but very less efforts have been taken for Hindi language. Here, we discusses various techniques in which so many features are included such as time and memory consumption, efficiency, accuracy, ambiguity, redundancy.

summarization, redundancy, efficiency, ambiguity, accuracy.

[1]. Dr.Latesh Malik,"Test Model for Summarizing Hindi Text using Extraction Method",( Proceedings of 2013 IEEE Conference on Information and Communication Technologies) (ICT 2013).
[2]. Ibrahim F. Moawad, Information Systems Dept.Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences "Semantic Graph Reduction Approach for Abstractive Text Summarization",(Ain shams University Cairo, Egypt ibrahim_moawad@cis.asu.edu.eg 2012 IEEE).
[3]. Sachin AGARWAL Manaj SRIVASTAVA, "Anaphora Resolutio88888888n in Hindi Documents",(Indian Institute of Information Technology – Allahabad Allahabad, UP, India2007IEEE)
[4]. Do Phuc, University of Information Technology,"Using SOM based Graph Clustering for Extracting Main Ideas from Documents",(VNU-HCM HoChiMinh City,VietNam phucdo@uit.edu.vn 2008 IEEE) Vishal Gupta and Gurpreet Singh Lehal," Automatic Punjabi Text Extractive Summarization system."
[5]. Proceedings of COLING 2012: Demonstration Papers, pages 199–206, COLING 2012, Mumbai, December 2012.

The LDPC codes have been shown to be by-far the best coding scheme capable for transmitting message over noisy channel. The main aim of this paper is to study the behaviour of LDPC codes on under IEEE 802.16e guidelines. The rate- ½ LDPC codes have been implemented on AWGN channel and the result shows that they can be used on such channels with low BER performance. The BER can be further minimized by increasing the block length.

LDPC- Low density parity check, BER- bit error rate, PAPR- Peak power peak ratio, Wi-Max OFDM IEEE 802.16e, Encoding, Decoding.

[1] R. G. Gallager, Low-Density Parity-Check Codes, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,1963
[2] V. Zyablov and M. Pinsker, "Estimation of the error-correction complexity of Gallager low-density codes," Probl. Pered. Inform., Vol.11, pp. 23-26, Jan 1975.
[3] G. A. Margulis, "Explicit Construction of graphs without short cycles and low density codes," Combinatorica, Vol.2, no. 1, pp. 71-78, 1982.
[4] R. Tanner, "A recursive approach to low complexity codes," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 1T-27, pp. 533-547, Sept. 1981.
[5] D. J. C. MacKay and R. M. Neal, "Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes," Electron. Lett., Vol. 32, pp. 1645-1646, Aug. 1996.